Knowledge points are often tested in the history exam of senior two.

The sense of autonomy in learning cannot be imposed on you by external forces. Only you can make your learning behavior conscious, so it is more important to change "I want to study for me" in Senior Two, so please study hard and hope you can achieve your goal. The following are the knowledge points of the history exam of senior two I compiled for you, hoping to help you!

The knowledge point that is often tested in the history exam of senior two is 1.

First, the arrival of the rational era.

1, reason:

(1) The driving force of the Renaissance.

(2) Significant progress has been made in natural science.

(3) With the development of capitalism, the emerging bourgeoisie is increasingly eager to get rid of feudal autocratic rule and church oppression.

2. Representative figures: Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau and many other enlightenment thinkers.

3. Ideas:

(1) Enlightenment thinkers were not satisfied with respect for human nature, but demanded human liberation, which further developed humanism.

(2) They deny everything outside and think that the standard of judging right or wrong is only the "rationality" of people themselves. "Reason" is the core of the Enlightenment.

4. Impact:

Enlightenment thinkers called for rational sunshine to dispel the darkness of reality and strive to build a beautiful era of democracy and science. In vivid words, they lashed out at the harmony and superstition of the Catholic Church, opposed autocracy and ignorance, advocated science, freedom and peace, and promoted ideological emancipation through dramas, novels and other forms.

Second, the French Enlightenment thinkers

1, French Enlightenment leader Voltaire.

2. Ideas:

(1) lashed out at the Catholic Church, calling the Pope a "biped" and calling on the people to crush the evil forces of the Church.

(2) Oppose absolute monarchy and advocate constitutional monarchy;

(3) He advocates "natural human rights" and believes that people are born equal and free.

(4) He believes that the law should be based on human nature, and everyone is equal before the law.

3. Montesquieu:

(1) opposes absolute monarchy and puts forward the theory of "separation of powers".

(2) Influence: Montesquieu denied the rationality of feudal autocracy and laid the theoretical foundation of bourgeois state and law. His masterpiece is On the Spirit of Law.

4. Rousseau:

(1) is the author of On Social Contract, which expounds the ideas of "natural human rights" and "people's sovereignty".

(2) He believes that the sovereignty of the country belongs to the people, and the power of the ruler comes from the contract he signed with the people. If he goes against public opinion, the people have the right to condemn him.

(3) Rousseau also believes that the root of human inequality is private property ownership.

Third, the expansion of the Enlightenment.

1, Kant: German philosopher, who wrote works such as Critique of Pure Reason and made a classic summary of the Enlightenment.

2. Evaluation: The Enlightenment is an unprecedented ideological emancipation movement, which further emancipated people's minds, impacted the feudal autocratic system in Europe and spread the idea of freedom and equality. The influence of the Enlightenment went far beyond Europe and greatly inspired the struggle of colonial and semi-colonial people for national independence. Enlightenment has become a spiritual weapon for people to pursue liberation and played an important role in the development of human history.

Knowledge points of history examination in senior two II.

First, the rise of modern national industries.

1. Changes in China's economic structure after the Opium War: Before the Opium War, the natural economy characterized by self-sufficiency was dominant. After the Opium War, the natural economy began to collapse, which laid the foundation for the emergence of Chinese national capitalism.

2. The sign that the natural economy began to disintegrate: the decline of China's handmade cotton textile industry after the Opium War.

3. The rise of modern national industries in China.

① Background: The invasion of foreign capitalism disintegrated the natural economy of China and provided the commodity market and labor market for the emergence of Chinese national capitalism.

② Time: 65438+ around 1970s.

③ Location: Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin and other southeast coastal areas.

④ Representative enterprises: Changfa Machine Factory founded by Fang Juzan in Shanghai and Jichanglong Silk Reeling Factory founded by Chen Qiyuan in Nanhai, Guangdong.

⑤ Features: ① Less funds and small scale; ② Weak technical force; ③ Uneven distribution of industries and regions.

4. Initial development of national industry: from the end of 65438 to the beginning of the 20th century (after the Sino-Japanese War).

① Reasons: The Qing government relaxed the restrictions on private factories (solving the financial crisis and expanding tax sources); The upsurge of saving the country by industry

② Industrialists: Zhang Jian (founded a cotton mill in Nantong, Jiangsu), Rong, Rong Desheng and Zhou.

Second, the golden age of the development of the Republic of China (1912-19, early years of the Republic of China)

1. Reason: ① During World War I, European powers temporarily relaxed their economic aggression against China.

(2) The Revolution of 1911 ended the feudal autocratic rule and cleared some obstacles for the development of national industries.

The establishment of the Republic of China has improved the political status and enthusiasm of the national bourgeoisie.

The government of the Republic of China encourages industrial development,

⑤ The influence of the mass anti-imperialist patriotic movement.

2. Performance: The textile industry, flour industry and other light industries have the fastest development (textile industry is the first, flour industry is the second).

3. Factors affecting the development of modern national industries.

(1) Obstacle: Semi-colonial and semi-feudal social environment (oppression and restraint of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism are the main factors that hinder the development of modern national industries)

(2) Driving factors:

The invasion of foreign capitalism has not only brought profound disasters to the Chinese nation, but also decomposed China's self-sufficient natural economy.

(2) Due to the influence of the trend of the times and the need to consolidate the rule, successive governments from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China encouraged the establishment of industries.

(3) to publicize the anti-imperialist patriotic movement of the masses, especially to boycott foreign goods and publicize domestic products.

(4) Industrialists' thought of saving the country through industry.

Knowledge points commonly tested in the history exam of senior two 3

First, the internal and external service system

The history of Shang Dynasty is a history of faith: due to the discovery and interpretation of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the excavation of a series of archaeological materials such as Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province, Shang Dynasty became the first dynasty with direct written records in the history of China, and the history of Shang Dynasty became a history of faith because of the multiple proofs of documents, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and archaeological materials.

Second, the bronze age.

1. Bronzes of Shang Dynasty

(1) The Shang Dynasty was in the Bronze Age, and the bronzes of the Shang Dynasty were mainly ritual vessels, which were used for ceremonies, sacrifices and other important activities of the royal family and nobles. The combination of size, nature and quantity of bronzes is a symbol of the owner's rank and political status.

(2) There are also animal patterns with bas-reliefs cast on bronzes. Businessmen believe that these animals can help them communicate with their ancestors or gods to protect their rights and property in the world. Bronze ware has been endowed with the function of communicating heaven and earth and supporting political power.

(3) "Musi Wuding" is the bronze ware of the world.

2. Oracle Bone Inscriptions

(1) Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is a mature Chinese character found in China at present. It is an ancient Chinese character carved by businessmen on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions to record divination.

(2) From the point of view of structure and word formation, Oracle Bone Inscriptions already has the "six-character" rule of Chinese character configuration and use, and it is a relatively mature hieroglyph.

(3) Oracle Bone Inscriptions truly recorded the historical situation in various fields of the business society, which provided first-hand information for us to explore the history of the business.

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