Translation and Appreciation of Sixteen Xibo Jianli by Shangshu

Xibo Zhali 16

original text

Yin began to blame Zhou, and Zhou people took Li. Zuyi was afraid, so he quickly accepted it and made "Xibo Qili". Xibo was afraid of Li [529] and Zoe [530] and ran to the king. Yue: "The son of heaven! This day has ended my life [53 1]. Ge Yuangui [532], dare not know the age [533]. Not the late king [534], my descendants, but the late king's lewd play [535]. Therefore, God abandoned me and there was no healthy food [536]. Insecurity [537], ignorance [538] Today, our people will mourn [539] and say,' Heaven will not surrender [540]?' Life is treacherous [54 1], and now the king is not as good as Taiwan [542]? "The king said," alas! I was born [543] and I didn't live in heaven? Zoe retorted, "Alas! Sin is the worst [545], and your participation [546] can be blamed on heaven [547]. Yin is mourning, which means merit [548], unless there is no killing [549]! "

To annotate ...

[529] Xibo: that is, Zhou Wenwang. King Wen lived in Qishan and was named Yongzhou Bo, and Yongzhou was in the west, so it was called Xibo. Investigation (kān) means overcoming. Li was a vassal state of the Yin Dynasty, which is today's Changzhi, Shanxi.

[530] Zoe: A person's name is a descendant of Zuji and a saint of Shang Zhouwang.

[53 1] Ji: the adverb of completion in ancient Chinese, Ji. End: terminate. The fate of yin merchants.

[532] Ge Ren: A wise man who can understand the good and evil of heaven and earth. Ge, to, to. Yuan gui: Turtle, an ancient divination tool.

[533] Dare not: No, no, preach "nothing". Know: know, feel.

[534] stage: assistance, help.

[535] Erotic game: a dissolute game. Use: match.

[536] Kang: Ning means. Eat: verb, eat.

[537] Danger: degree, consideration. Nature: God's peaceful disposition.

[538] Dee: Be obedient. Rate Code: General Method.

No one doesn't want to die. No, no, no.

[540] Place: interrogative pronouns, why, why. Surrender: mitigated punishment.

[54 1] chi: to, to, to.

[542] Rutai: What should I do?

[543] Birth: Birth, birth.

[544] Objection: Objection, denial.

[545] Crime: negligence, mistake, negligence.

[546] Reference: Like "tired", it means more.

Nye: Ning, don't, indicating a turning point. Blame life on heaven: pray for good luck to heaven. Responsibility, begging, begging.

[548] refers to: instruction. Gong: Actually, it means sin, which is equivalent to the irony we are talking about now.

[549] Slant: Kill or perish.

translate

The continuous development of the Zhou family has aroused great suspicion. So Zhou Wang strengthened its defense against zhou bo and Ji Chang everywhere. Later, zhou bo and Ji Chang took the opportunity to destroy Li, the vassal state of Shang Dynasty. Zuo Yi, the minister of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, was very afraid, so she came to advise against Zhou Chang. Historians recorded this event and wrote "Seven Miles of Xibe". After Li was destroyed, Zoe panicked and ran to tell Yin. Zajda: "Son of heaven, I'm afraid that God will break the national fortune of our Yin merchants! A man who knows his fate uses a tortoise for divination, but he doesn't notice any good omen. This is not because the former king failed to help our descendants, but because Wang died in the sky. Therefore, God abandoned us, forbidding us to live and eat. The king does not measure nature and does not follow the usual law. Now none of our subjects does not want Yin to perish. They said,' Why doesn't God punish us?' Fate no longer belongs to us. What is your majesty going to do now? "Zhou Wang said," ah! Isn't my fate already decided by heaven? " Zoe asked, "Ah! You've made too many mistakes, God knows. Can you still pray for God's blessing? Yin Shang will die, as you can see from what you have done, your country cannot be destroyed by Zhou Guo! "

analyse

After Xibo defeated Li, a vassal of Shang Dynasty, his courtiers reported to him in a drunken panic. Historians recorded this protest and named it Xibo Li. In this dialogue between monarch and minister, Zoe spoke frankly and dared to remonstrate, telling that the wanton and disloyal behavior has caused widespread indignation and resentment, bluntly pointing out the critical situation that Yin's life is coming to an end, and urging him to be diligent in politics and think hard about the fate of the country. In the article, "Now my people want to mourn, does it mean that heaven will not fall?" Like Tang Shi's "mourning day", it reflects people's incomparable resentment against the tyrant. Yin is a tyrant with clear records in the history of China. After 30 generations and more than 600 years, Yin Shang spread to Zhou Wang, and the land of Yin Shang changed in his hands.

It is said that Zhou Wang is not an idle generation. He was witty and eloquent at an early age, burly and powerful. He can pull the nine cows back and hold the beams in one hand, so that people can change the beams and columns calmly without changing color. When he ascended the throne, he also had a good time when the weather was favorable, the country was prosperous and the people were safe, the four foreigners surrendered, and surrendered in all directions. At one time, he ordered 800 vassals in the world. His weakness lies in lewdness, luxury and cruelty. Egged on by his beloved Princess da ji, he built a "wine pool and meat forest" and a singing and dancing deer platform for fun, so as to create a torture device to punish dissidents. Da ji was finally beheaded by Zhou Wuwang in Yuanmen, and Zhou Wang set himself on fire in Lutai. Before he died, he said, "Heaven will kill me." . In fact, this is self-inflicted and culpable of punishment. The ancients said that it is still impossible to commit iniquity in heaven; You can't live if you commit a crime. The Lutai built by Zhou Wang with people's fat and people's essence happened to be his burial place.