Introduce Bingler.

(1880 —— 1936) is a famous German historian and historical philosopher. He was born in Blanckenburg, Hartzburg, Germany, and studied at Harley University, Munich University and Berlin University. In his youth, besides studying history and art, he was also interested in mathematics and natural history, which gave his works a peculiar style. 1904, she got a doctorate from Harley University, and then Bingler became a middle school teacher. When World War I broke out, he was not called up for health reasons. During the war, he lived in seclusion in the slums of Munich and finished The Decline of the West by candlelight. The publication of this book has brought great fame to Bingler. Many universities invited him to be the chairman in a formal and informal way, but he refused. Since then, he has been living a life of near seclusion, adapting himself to historical research and political writing. 1in the early morning of may 8, 936, Spenger was strangled by a heart attack, and his sisters buried him without any form of condolences. Spengler wrote a lot in his life, among which the Prussians and Socialism, Pessimism, Political Obligations of German Youth, Reconstruction of Germany, and Man and Technology are important. Bingler, a famous philosopher and writer, is a familiar name. In the past century, Bingler has forged an indissoluble bond with the Chinese-speaking world. His inspiring book The Decline of the West once made several generations of intellectuals in the Chinese-speaking world excited and depressed several times. On the resume, Bingler is simpler than the previous ones. 1880 was born in a family of postal officials, studied in universities such as Harley, Munich and Berlin, and finally obtained his doctorate with Heraclitus as his doctoral thesis. After graduation, I first taught in a middle school, and then specialized in academic research and private writing. His major works include The Decline of the West, Prussian Spirit and Socialism, and Man and Technology.

Oswald Bingler, a famous German historian, historical philosopher and founder of historical morphology. He studied at Harley University and Berlin University. , and received a doctorate. 19 12, in a dim room, under the dim flickering light, Bingler started his grand writing plan in a state of almost isolation. 19 18, The Decline of the West appeared in German bookstores with the trauma and introspection of World War I. Although some scholars described a passage in the book as "shocking", it still did not affect its worldwide sensation. Interestingly, the first thing China intellectuals showed was a gesture of rejection, and their strong suspicion obviously prevailed. For example, Zhang Junmai, considering the negative effects this book may bring to Chinese people, suggested that it should not be translated as a good one, which made the decline of the West in China book circle full of twists and turns: there was no complete Chinese translation of this book for a long time. 1963, the Commercial Press only translated and published the second volume of the book, while 1986, Liu Yuan Company of Taiwan Province Province published its condensed version, which shows the unusual significance of publishing the full translation by Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore today. At one time, Bingler was deeply puzzled by the strong shock of the decline of the West in Europe. Faced with the comments of critics such as "historical divination" and "evil prophecy", Spengler responded with a broken attitude. Bingler wrote in the preface of the revised version of 1922: "My book is not written for those who can only fiddle with definitions but don't know what fate is."