What are the ancient beasts and Warcraft in China? By the way, explain.

The dragon has nine sons, each with his own unique temperament ―― brothers and sisters may be different in many ways.

It is on the sword of Longquan, used to kill demons.

Big brother (b √√)

Parenting the second child/tail (chǐwīn/chǐweǐ)

Lao San pu Lao (pǔláo)

Laosi armadillo

Old five gluttonous (tāotiè)

A six-year-old centipede

Lao qi ya zi

Old BaSao (suāní)

Laojiu Jiao Tu (shūtú) refers to the legend of nine sons of Longsheng, and none of these nine sons became dragons, which are different from each other. The so-called "dragon gave birth to nine children" does not mean that the dragon just gave birth to nine children. In the traditional culture of China, nine represents a lot and has a supreme position. Nine is an imaginary number and an expensive number, so it is used to describe the dragon son. There is a long-standing saying that dragons have nine sons, but there has been no saying about which nine animals are, and it was not until the Ming Dynasty that there were various opinions.

One of the sayings of "Dragon of Nine Children" comes from the Collection of Huailu Hall written by Li Dongyang in Ming Dynasty. The nine sons of the dragon are:

Some sayings also include beheading, Kirin, Chaotianhao (rudder) and mythical animals as one of the sons of the dragon.

Jiuzilong is different. There are many sayings about Jiuzilong in ancient China. Let's introduce some legendary descendants of the dragon for the time being.

One of them said:

The prison cow, one of the nine children born to the dragon, is a yellow dragon with scaly horns. He likes music and squats in front of the piano. This musical dragon not only stands on the Hu Qin of the Han nationality, but also has the image of raising its head and opening its mouth on the Yue Qin of the Yi nationality, Qin Sang of the Bai nationality and some Tibetan musical instruments.

Yazi (pinyin: Yázì), one of the nine sons of the Dragon, is a dragon with a bow, with a strong character and the most murderous and aggressive, carved on the knife ring and handle. Looks like a jackal, killing people like hemp. Often engraved on the scabbard of the handle. The original intention of artistry is to glare. The so-called "the virtue of a meal must be compensated, and the resentment of artistry must be reported." Bao couldn't help killing people, so the dragon son who looks like a jackal naturally appeared on the scabbard of the sword handle.

Laughing wind dragon is one of the nine sons, and it is a close call in his life. Now the beast in the corner of the temple is his image.

One of the legendary nine sons of Longsheng is not old. When he was hit, he roared loudly and acted as the animal button for Hong Zhong to lift the beam to help him sing. It is shaped like a dragon, but Buron is small and easy to sing. It is said that I don't live by the sea all the time, and what I fear most at ordinary times is whales. Whenever there is a whale attack, he will scream when he is not old. Therefore, people put their own image on the clock and carve the long wood that hit the clock into the shape of a whale to make it loud and bright.

Sister-in-law (pinyin: Suānní), one of the nine sons born in legend, looks like a lion and likes to sit on cigarettes, so the image usually appears on incense burners and then smokes.

Also known as Jin Xian and Lingxian. Sister-in-law is another name for a lion, so she looks like a lion. She is good at setting off fireworks and sitting well. Its style can be seen in Buddhist temples and incense burners. Lions, which even tigers and leopards dare to eat, are magnificent animals and were introduced to China with Buddhism. Because Buddha Sakyamuni is known as the "fearless lion", people naturally arrange it as a Buddha's seat or carve it on an incense burner to enjoy the incense.

Hui Lin, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Sister-in-law is a lion, and she went out of the Western Regions."

Hissing (pinyin: b √ x √), also known as turtle, bully and bu, is the son of nine, shaped like a turtle, with teeth, great strength and good load bearing. It also carries heavy objects on its back, and the stone turtle under the stone tablet is its image.

When the wall of the old city of Beijing was demolished, half a coffin was found under the walls of Dongbianmen and Xibianmen, so the coffin carried the city of Beijing.

The image of an armadillo (pinyin: bì' an), one of the nine sons of Longsheng, is a tiger. It is said that he is a good litigator, so his image is set up on both sides of the prison gate or the official hall. Also known as the charter. Looks like a tiger, powerful, and good at prison litigation, people carved it on the prison door. Tigers are powerful beasts, so the use of armadillos is to enhance the majesty of prisons and make criminals daunting.

Fu Yi (pinyin: Fùxì), one of the nine sons of Longsheng, looks like a dragon, elegant and gentle, and winds around the top of the stone tablet.

Kiss, also known as Qiwei and Chyi Chin (Pinyin, ch and w ě n, ch and w ě i, ch and w ě n), one of the nine sons of Longsheng, has a rough mouth and is easy to swallow, so it has become a thorn-swallowing beast at both ends of Miaoling, and it is used to put out fires and eliminate disasters.

Whether the owl's tail is a bird or a legendary sea whale is still unclear.

It is also a beautiful hope. This dragon is shaped like a four-legged snake with its tail cut off. It looks around in dangerous places and likes to swallow fire. According to legend, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built the Bailiang Hall, it was said that there was a kind of fish in the sea, whose tail was like an ostrich, that is, an eagle, which could splash waves and rain and avoid fire, so it was molded in the corner, roof and roof of the hall.

In addition, it is said that it is not Jiuzi who mocks the wind, imprisons cows and bears the burden, but:

Gluttony (pinyin: Tāotiè) is a legendary fierce and gluttonous beast. Ancient bronzes are often decorated with head shapes, which are called gluttony. Legend has it that the dragon gave birth to nine sons.

Looks like a wolf. Good diet. Zhongding Yi wares are often decorated with carved head shapes. Because gluttony is a particularly greedy beast in legend, people call people who are greedy for food and even property gluttony. Gluttony also appeared on Shang and Zhou bronzes, as a decorative animal face with patterns, called gluttony patterns.

The legendary Pteris vittata, one of the nine sons born, likes water, and is carved into the shape of a bridge column and a dripping beast in architecture.

Jiao rabbit, one of the nine sons of Longsheng, looks like a snail and has good sex. He hates it when people come into its nest and spread the first ring into its image.

It looks like a snail and is very quiet, so people often carve its image on the head of the gate or portray it on the door panel. Snails always meet and shell when they are attacked by foreign objects. People use it on doors, probably because it can be closed for safety.

Guo, Kirin, Hou and Wu are also nine sons.

Chi, or cicada's head, is one of the nine sons of the legendary dragon. It has a big mouth and a big belly that can hold a lot of water. It is often used to decorate the drainage outlet of buildings, which is called pool head apron.

Kirin, the ancient god beast of China. The man's name is Qi and the woman's name is Lin. Kirin looks like a deer and its tail looks like an ox's tail. It has a unicorn, but it is very rare. In ancient China, Kirin symbolized auspiciousness.

It is generally believed that Kirin is a giraffe.

Later, it was commonly known as looking up to the sky and yelling at the sky. According to legend, he was the son of the Dragon King and had the habit of watching. The dragon at the top of the watchpost in China growled at the sky, which was regarded as uploading providence and releasing people's hearts. There are also records that the mount of Guanyin Bodhisattva is "roaring to heaven".

Also known as Tianlu and exorcism. It is a kind of god beast in ancient myths and legends of China. It has the head of a dragon, the body of a horse and the feet of a lion. It is shaped like a lion, has a gray coat and can fly. Fierce and mighty, responsible for patrolling the sky to prevent monsters, plagues and diseases from disturbing the heaven.

In ancient times, people often used bravery as the name of the army. It has a mouth without anus, can swallow everything without diarrhea, can make a fortune, can only enter but can't leave, and has special magical powers. Now many people in China wear brave jade products because of this.

In China, there has been a folk saying that the nine sons of the dragon are not dragons, that is to say, the nine sons of the dragon are not dragons, but nine different animals. There are many versions of this legend, and each version is not uniform, but it is basically the difference in the ranking of nine animals, which is basically the same for the nine animals themselves.

Li Dongyang's Collection of Huailu Hall records: "Yi Long, the ninth son, is not a dragon, but each has his own interests. A prison cow has good music all his life. Today, the beast carved on Hu Qin's head is his portrait. Yazi is easy to kill all his life. Today, the dragon swallowing mouth on the hilt is his portrait; Mocking a phoenix is a close call in my life, and all the animals in the corner of this temple are portraits of it; Singing all my life is not old, it is the portrait of the beast button on this clock; Sister-in-law (sound: sour Ni) has been sitting well all her life. Today, the lion in the Buddha's seat is his portrait. Overlord, a good burden in life, this monument beast is its portrait; Armadillo (sound: completed the case), a litigator for life, and the lion's head on the prison door is his portrait; After a long time (sound: bi), he was a good writer all his life, and the dragon characters on both sides of this monument are his portraits; Kiss is easy to swallow in life, and the head of this temple ridge animal is its portrait.

It is described in "Auspicious Map of China" that the eldest of the nine sons is called prison cow, who likes music and squats at the piano head; The second child is called Yazi, who loves to kill and fight, and is engraved on the knife ring and handle. The third child's name is Mockingwind, and it was a close call in my life. The beast in the corner of the temple is his portrait. Sizi is not old, and when he is beaten, he growls loudly, acting as the animal button for Hong Zhong to carry the beam and help him sing far and wide; Su Anni, who is shaped like a lion, likes to smoke, sit still, lean on the foot of the incense burner and smoke; Liu Zi, also known as XX (Bi), is like a tortoise with teeth and likes to carry heavy loads. Gambi, who is a tiger and litigious, has an image on both sides of the prison gate or the official main hall; Eight negative, like a dragon, elegant and gentle, coiled on the stone tablet; Laojiu's Chiyou Kiss, also called Chiyou Kiss or Chiyou Kiss, is thick and easy to swallow, so it has become a spineswallowing beast at both ends of the temple ridge, which is used to put out fires and eliminate disasters.

There is a detailed explanation in Daqian Traditional Pattern Network:

* One of Longsheng's nine sons, prison cow.

Prison bull, the eldest of Longsheng's nine sons, loved music all his life. He often squatted on the piano head to enjoy the music played by plucked strings, so his portrait was carved on the piano head. This kind of decoration has been used up to now, and some precious huqin heads are also engraved with the image of the dragon head, which is called "the dragon head huqin".

* Long Sheng, the second of nine sons, Yazi

The second child is a son, aggressive and likes to kill people all his life. The knife ring, the handle and the dragon swallowing mouth are all portraits of it. After decorating the image of the dragon, these weapons add awesome power. It is not only decorated on the weapons of famous soldiers in the battlefield, but also widely used in ceremonial weapons and court guards, making it more dignified and solemn.

* Long gave birth to the third of nine sons, mocking the wind.

Laughing at the wind, shaped like an animal, is the third child. He is doing well and looking forward to it. The animal in the corner of the temple is its portrait. These animals line up at the front of the vertical ridge. The animals are led by a "fairy" riding a bird, followed by dragons, phoenixes, lions, Tianma, seahorses, dragons, horses, bulls and other animals. Their placement has a strict hierarchy, and only the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing can have all kinds, and the number of auxiliary halls should be reduced accordingly. Mocking the wind not only symbolizes auspiciousness, beauty and majesty, but also means to deter demons and eliminate disasters. The placement of Mockingwind makes the shape of the whole palace rigorous and changeable, achieving the harmony of solemnity and vividness, and the unity of grandeur and exquisiteness, adding a mysterious atmosphere to the towering palace.

* Long Sheng, the fourth son of nine, is not old.

Not as old as a dragon, ranking fourth, and having a good voice and a good roar all his life. The dragon-shaped animal button on the Hong Zhong is its portrait. I didn't always live by the sea. Although he is a dragon, he is always afraid of giant whales. As soon as the whale attacked, it roared in fear. According to People, it is characterized by "easy singing" and "every bell wants to make a loud sound", that is, casting Bulun into a bell knob and making the wooden pestle that rings the bell into a whale shape. When ringing the bell, let the whale hit the cloth wheel again and again, making it "ring into the sky" and "sound alone"

* eldest sister-in-law, Longsheng is the fifth of the nine sons.

Sister-in-law, shaped like a lion, ranked fifth. All her life, she likes to be quiet, sit still and enjoy fireworks. The foot ornaments on the Buddha's seat and incense burner are its portraits. According to legend, this kind of robe decorated on the Buddha's seat was introduced to China by Indians in the Han Dynasty. By the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it had been widely used in Buddhist art in China. This shape was created by China folk artists, making it have the traditional style of China. Later he became the fifth son of the dragon. Most of the places where it is arranged are in front of Buddha and Bodhisattva sitting cross-legged or cross-legged. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dragon-shaped decoration in the middle of the collar of the stone lion or bronze lion is also an image of the lion entering the tiger's mouth, which makes the traditional China gate lion more powerful.

* Long Sheng, six of nine sons, Ba Xia

Baxia, also known as the tortoise, is the old six. He has a good load and great strength all his life, and the turtle under the pedestal is his portrait. Legend has it that in ancient times, Baxia often carried three mountains and five mountains on his back and made waves in rivers, lakes and seas. Later, Dayu subdued it when he was controlling the water. It obeyed Dayu's command, pushed mountains and dug ditches, dredged rivers and made contributions to water control. After the flood was defeated, Dayu was worried that he would run wild again, so he moved to a huge stone tablet with indomitable spirit, which was engraved with the merits of water control and told him to carry it. The heavy stone tablet prevented him from walking casually. The dam is very similar to the tortoise, but there is still a difference when you look closely. Bazaar has a row of teeth, but the tortoise doesn't. The number and shape of nail plates under the dam and on the tortoise shell are also different. Bullies, also known as stone turtles, are symbols of longevity and good luck. It is always struggling to move forward with its head held high, with its four feet desperately propped up, struggling to move forward, but unable to move. The pedestals of some famous stone tablets in China are carried by tyrants, which can be seen in the forest of steles and some historical sites.

The dragon gave birth to seven of nine sons.

The armadillo, also known as the Charter, looks like a tiger and is the old seven. It is litigious all its life, but it is powerful. The tiger head decoration on the upper part of the prison door is its portrait. Legend has it that armadillos are not only eager for public interests and justice, but also brave in speaking, able to distinguish right from wrong and judge impartially. In addition, its image is majestic, and the prisoners are not only decorated on the prison door, but also squatting on both sides of the official hall. Whenever the yamen chief is in court, there is an image on the title card and the silence card of the chief. It looks around and looks around, maintaining the solemnity and righteousness of the court.

Eight of Longsheng's nine sons, and the loss.

The coffin is like a dragon, ranking eighth, and his life is good. The dragons on both sides of the stone tablet are his portraits. China's inscriptions have a long history and rich contents. Some shapes are simple, smooth and bright, and light can be used as a guide. Some are exquisitely carved, with elegant words and vivid pens; There are also famous poems and stone carvings, and the population of moxibustion is famous throughout the ages. But she loves this inscription with artistic brilliance, and she is willing to turn it into a dragon pattern to set off these literary treasures handed down from generation to generation and decorate the pedestal more elegantly and beautifully. They are intertwined with each other and seem to be creeping slowly, which is more spectacular in coordination with the base.

Nine of the nine children in Kiss of the Dragon.

Kiss, also known as tail licking and kissing, is a dragon-shaped spiny-swallowing beast. Laojiu, with a big mouth and a rough mouth, is easy to swallow all his life. The dragon heads at both ends of the temple ridge are his portraits. "Taiping Yu Lan" has the following description: "After the disaster of the Liang Temple in the Han Dynasty, the witch said,' There are fish in the sea, and the tail is like a owl, and the waves are like rain', so it is like a tail and Tired Ofthe Fire is auspicious." The "witch" mentioned in the article is the alchemist and the "fishbone" is the predecessor of kissing. Kissing is water-based and an evil thing to avoid fire.

In addition:

Version 1:

Heavier: I am slim (Bi Xi), and I like to pick heavy things best, so I have a stone tablet on my back.

Have a good look: I like to look around most, and I often decorate it on the eaves. Look at the decorative animals on the fork ridges of ancient buildings in China.

Food is the most gluttonous, you can eat and drink, and it is often decorated on the tripod cover. Because you can drink water, it is also decorated on the bridge railing to prevent the bridge from being flooded.

Born black boy: Yazi, a killer, likes fighting and is often decorated on the knife ring and handle of weapons.

Armadillo, which hates crime most, is often decorated on the prison lintel.

Good fireworks: Sister-in-law (sour mud), good fireworks, often decorated on the cover button of incense burner cover.

Good drinker: Papa (Yinbaxia) is located in the favorite water on the bridge and is often decorated at the top of the stone bridge railing. Lying on the four corners of the back door bridge, the shape is very beautiful.

Gentle-natured person: the charming rabbit who hates others entering its nest is often decorated at the gate.

Good singer: I like music and roar best, and I am often decorated on the knob of the big clock.

Version 2:

1, prickly (Bi,): It looks like a turtle and is easy to carry loads. A craze can be seen in palaces, ancestral temples and tombs all over the country. In all kinds of arguments of Long Zi, it is generally ranked first among the nine sons.

2. Pro (Chi, Wen): I like to look around, and I am often arranged on the roof and have a sword repair.

3, Pu (old): Rock temperament, love music, love roar. It was used to decorate the top of the chime of ancient musical instruments, and his figure can also be seen on the knob of the temple clock.

4. Armadillo (Bi, An): in charge of the prison. It is often decorated on the lintel of death row. Because it looks like a tiger, there is also a saying that the tiger head is buckled.

5. Sister-in-law (Su An, Ni): I believe in Buddhism and like incense, which can be seen on the incense burner cover. Moreover, her sister-in-law is also the seat of Manjusri Bodhisattva, which can be seen in temples dedicated to Manjusri Bodhisattva. On Mount Wutai, the Dojo of Manjusri Bodhisattva, there is also a temple dedicated to sister-in-law. Because the eldest sister-in-law is the fifth son of the dragon, the temple is called Wu Ye Temple, which has a great influence in the local area. Once I swam through this temple, and the incense was particularly strong.

6. Hao, Tie: Gourmet, gluttonous. There are often gluttonous patterns on bronzes unearthed in Xia and Shang Dynasties, which are ferocious monsters with Kubinashi's body.

7, Yazi (ya, zi): fierce and irritable, like to fight and kill. This is what the folk idiom "those who are vengeful must pay the price" says. Statues can usually be seen on the handles or the rings at the end of some weapons to enhance the murderous look.

8. Shu (Tu): Shaped like a snail, gentle and a little autistic. So he was arranged on the door, with a knocker in his mouth, so as not to visit at night.

9. Pi (Xiu): It is called the ninth son of the dragon in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has a big mouth and no anus, but it can't get in or out, so it is very popular with gamblers. Macau casino then released a jade beast, eating everywhere, only earning no compensation.

Version 3:

In ancient times, there was a legend that "dragons gave birth to nine children, but they did not produce dragons, and each had its own strengths." But what exactly is Jiuzi, there are different opinions. "China auspicious map" said:

The eldest of the nine sons is called prison cow, who likes music and squats at the piano head;

The second child is called Yazi, who loves to kill and fight, and is engraved on the knife ring and handle.

The third child's name is Mockingwind, and it was a close call in my life. The beast in the corner of the temple is his portrait.

Sizi is not old, and when he is beaten, he growls loudly, acting as the animal button for Hong Zhong to carry the beam and help him sing far and wide;

Su Anni, who is shaped like a lion, likes to smoke, sit still, lean on the foot of the incense burner and smoke;

Liu Zi, also known as XX (Bi), is like a tortoise with teeth and likes to carry heavy loads.

Gambi, who is a tiger and litigious, has an image on both sides of the prison gate or the official main hall;

Eight negative, like a dragon, elegant and gentle, coiled on the stone tablet;

Laojiu's Chiyou Kiss, also called Chiyou Kiss or Chiyou Kiss, is thick and easy to swallow, so it has become a spineswallowing beast at both ends of the temple ridge, which is used to put out fires and eliminate disasters.

The book Origin of the Gods says that the collection outside the Ascending Hall records that the nine sons of the dragon are: quality, such as turtles, good load, that is, turtles under the monument; Kiss, like a beast, looks good, standing on the roof; Gluttony, food, ding Gai; Pteris vittata, erect, standing on the bridge column; The map of pepper, like snails and clams, is closed and stands at the door; Gold, shaped like a lion, is a good fireworks, standing on the incense burner; Together with the old, the armadillo and the son, they are only the nine sons of the dragon.

Textual research on Longsheng Jiuzi

China people claim to be descendants of the dragon and take the dragon as their ancestor. The dragon has a long history in China, covering the north and south. 197 1 found a jade carving pig dragon in sanxingtala, northern inner Mongolia, which was about 6000-7000 years ago according to expert research. In the Yangshao cultural site in Anbanpo, Xi 'an, dragon patterns of pottery pots were unearthed. On the artifacts unearthed from Liangzhu culture in Wuxian, Jiangsu, thousands of miles away, there is a snake-shaped hook pattern, which is a symbol of dragon totem worship in ancient Vietnam. This shows that at least in the middle of Neolithic age, there was totem worship of dragons. The formation of dragons began in the Neolithic Age. After the development of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Qin and Han Dynasties basically took shape. It breaks away from the specific animal image in nature and becomes a special animal that combines the spirituality and expertise of various animals. In the Tang Dynasty, the dragon became the patent of the Emperor of Heaven. The dragon pattern can only be used for the emperor's clothes and utensils, and the dragon becomes a symbol of imperial power. After the Song Dynasty, there were more legends about the history and family of dragons. During the formation of the dragon image, many strange animal images appeared. Later, these monsters combined some characteristics of the dragon with the development of the image of the dragon, forming a different view that the dragon gave birth to nine sons. But what are the nine sons of the dragon, who ranks first and who ranks second, and there is no exact record. There are also various opinions among the people. It is said that on one occasion, Zhu Youtang, the filial son of the Ming Dynasty, had a whim and asked Li Dongyang, the famous minister of rites, "I heard that the dragon gave birth to nine sons. What's the name of Jiuzi? " Li Dongyang couldn't answer. After leaving North Korea, he pieced together a list. According to Li Dongyang's list, Long's nine sons are: Pufu, Chifeng, Yezi, Shutu, Kiss, Bulong, Sister-in-law and Prison Bull. But in folklore, there are far more than these dragons, and they are all said to be sons of dragons. As long as we understand the formation process of Longsheng Jiuzi, it is not difficult to understand why there are so many statements about Longsheng Jiuzi. The so-called dragon gave birth to nine children, not that the dragon happened to give birth to nine children. In the traditional culture of ancient China, nine is often used to express many things, which has a supreme position. Nine is an imaginary number and an expensive number, so it is used to describe the dragon son. If you have to choose nine sons, you should also choose the nine that have the greatest influence on the people. Li Dongyang is also anxious to make a job, and the list is not representative. Yichong consulted some materials, combined with the folk customs he saw during his travels around the country, and re-listed the list of Longsheng Jiuzi according to factors such as folk influence and frequency of occurrence. Slender: looks like a turtle, so it bears a lot. A craze can be seen in palaces, ancestral temples and tombs all over the country. In all kinds of arguments of Long Zi, it is generally ranked first among the nine sons. Kissing: I like to look around, often arranged on the roof, with my mouth open, swallowing my spine and fixed with a sword. Not old: rock temperament, love music, love to roar. It was used to decorate the top of the chime of ancient musical instruments, and his figure can also be seen on the knob of the temple clock. Armadillo: In charge of the prison. It is often decorated on the lintel of death row. Because it looks like a tiger, there is also a saying that the tiger head is buckled. Sister-in-law: He is Buddhist and likes incense. You can tell by the cover of the incense burner. Moreover, her sister-in-law is also the seat of Manjusri Bodhisattva, which can be seen in temples dedicated to Manjusri Bodhisattva. On Mount Wutai, the Dojo of Manjusri Bodhisattva, there is also a temple dedicated to sister-in-law. Because the eldest sister-in-law is the fifth son of the dragon, the temple is called Wu Ye Temple, which has a great influence in the local area. Once I swam through this temple, and the incense was particularly strong. Gluttony: Gourmet, sexual gluttony. There are often gluttonous patterns on bronzes unearthed in Xia and Shang Dynasties, which are ferocious monsters with Kubinashi's body. Yazi: fierce and irritable, like fighting and killing people. This is what the folk idiom "those who are vengeful must pay the price" says. Statues can usually be seen on the handles or the rings at the end of some weapons to enhance the murderous look. Shutu: Like a snail, he is gentle and a little autistic. So he was arranged on the door, with a knocker in his mouth, so as not to visit at night. Gap: It is called the ninth son of the dragon in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has a big mouth and no anus, but it can't get in or out, which is very popular among gamblers. Macau casino then released a jade beast, eating everywhere, only earning no compensation.