What are the construction details of the landscaping project?

What is the specific content of the detailed construction drawing of the landscaping project? Zhong Da Consulting will answer your questions below.

Landscape engineering is a comprehensive project covering technical and artistic elements, and it is a systematic project integrating plants, architecture, waterscape and lighting. It should not only meet the functional requirements, but also show the pleasing landscape art effect, reflecting the beauty of garden layout, form and artistic conception. As we all know, construction is the beginning of practicing design intent. However, due to the topography, landforms, rocks, vegetation (plants) and other materials that make up the garden, the specifications are not the same as those of bricks and tiles in buildings. Rockery and plants are different in size and shape, and none of them are the same. It is difficult to express them in detail in the design, and it must be done creatively by the construction personnel. Therefore, garden construction is different from architectural construction. It only has complete drawings, rigorous attitude and skilled technology, and it can't express the design intention well, or the inner artistic conception contained in the design scheme. For landscape builders, especially project managers, they must also have the ability to appreciate landscape art, treat landscape engineering elements such as topography, rocks and plant forms flexibly in the process of embodiment, and fully display the unique style of the original inherent art, or high-end and expensive materials are the perfect landscape works, and cost is not the only criterion to measure their advantages and disadvantages. Popular materials and exquisite craftsmanship can also create exquisite works. Therefore, paying attention to details in all aspects of landscape engineering is the key to the success or failure of a work.

1, earthwork

Landscape engineering includes earthwork, mountain building, water control and planting. Earthwork is the basic engineering in landscape engineering. Different landforms achieve different landscape effects, so geomorphology is an artistic summary of humanized landscape. Generally, there will be corresponding topographic elevation maps in construction drawings as the basis for topographic and geomorphological construction, but often the elevation curves of drawings will inevitably go out of shape once they are laid out, and at the same time, contour lines will appear at regular intervals, which is too artificial and difficult to become a natural interest. After mechanical earthwork excavation and slope construction, artificial micro-topography treatment is very important. At this time, the elevation of soil slope modeling must consider the natural sedimentation coefficient of soil, and the top and foot of slope should be too natural. According to the elevation of the top of the slope, the foot of the slope should be long enough to avoid being too steep. The finished slope modeling should be full and natural, and it is the top grade. If the terrain radiation is not enough, it often forms a step-like and grave-like terrain with poor artistry and poor drainage. This is a big no-no. At the same time, we should pay attention to the relationship between the slope and the surrounding environment, especially the transition with hard pavement or kerb. In many previous completed projects, the soil slope was less than 10 cm below the hard material, which led to the sudden flattening or even depression of the terrain here and destroyed the overall landscape effect. The author analyzes that the reason for this defect is that the construction process is not well thought out, and the earthwork required for the connection between the two is not reserved after the terrain is completed. Once the hard pavement is completed, the height difference is exposed, causing irreparable defects.

Step 2 set gems

Setting stones is one of the important techniques in garden art creation. China people have always had a special interest in stones, which have become an indispensable landscaping material in gardens. There are some sayings, such as "a garden can be without mountains and stones" and "stones are beautiful with trees, and trees are strong with stones". Scattering is one of the commonly used techniques in landscape engineering. Learn from nature, based on the natural scattered rocks in Shan Ye, or gather in piles, or single or several pieces scattered everywhere, which seems to be messy, but in fact it is quite regular. For convenience, some construction enterprises often put a group or a pile of stones in the position shown in the drawings, regardless of the existence of different stones in nature, which seems stiff and artificial. Although it is constructed according to the drawings, it has no vitality and affects the landscape effect. The correct method should be to carefully observe the shape and texture of the stone body according to the lifestyle of different stones in nature. If it is suitable for standing, lie down, the texture should be consistent with the back, and it should not run counter to each other. At the same time, when placing it, it should be buried to a suitable depth, so that it can lie or stand on the ground like a root, and strive to be natural and full of wild interest.

3. Hard landscape

Hard landscape is an important part of garden green space and one of the symbols of garden style and artistic conception. Although it occupies a limited proportion in the whole green space, its shape and color can make the finishing point and add color to the garden. Generally speaking, hard pavement is most closely related to green space, including gardens, steps and squares. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the continuous promotion of new materials and technologies, and the continuous improvement of public aesthetic consciousness, people have higher and higher requirements for the beauty of garden art, so a large number of natural stones are widely used in garden engineering. In many designs, in order to pursue the current fashion, designers often use some high-grade natural stones for paving to improve the grade of greening projects. This idea is understandable and has its own purpose, but at the same time, we can often see some unsatisfactory places. For example, designers don't know enough about the nature of materials, and they are vague about the hardness and softness of materials, so that in some seemingly ingenious gardens and pavements, works inlaid with various materials, although their shapes are eye-catching, can't stand scrutiny. Many stone materials have gaps and cracks at the splicing place, especially some pebbles, which have been warped and fallen off before the completion acceptance. What's more, in some large-scale pavements, the middle part is relatively convenient to construct because of its large area, and the construction quality is acceptable. However, at the junction with the surrounding green space, due to the need to cut the plot into irregular shapes, the damage caused by equipment, operator technology and other factors is very common, leaving defects that cannot be covered up, thus affecting the overall landscape effect. Another example is influenced by the current return to the natural trend, blindly pursuing local flavor and natural wild interest, pebbles, creeks, schists and so on. They are all used to pave the road. Therefore, we can often see in some built green spaces that pebbles have become loose and schists are covered with a layer of gray-black that is difficult to wash. Although these undeniable defects do not affect its use function, they leave a bad impression on the senses and destroy the overall landscape effect.

Loose kerbs are also a common phenomenon in greening construction. Especially when paving kerbs and planting holes, because stone or concrete prefabricated products are generally used, some construction enterprises often only lay yellow sand cushion for convenience of operation, and once they are slightly hit, they will become loose, precisely because the concrete reinforcement at the joints is insufficient (of course, it is necessary to minimize unnecessary waste and try to control the shape and size of concrete on the premise of ensuring its stability). At the same time, many planting holes are usually arranged in the center of the square, and water often appears around the protective frame, which is also one of the common problems of the square. As long as we pay attention to the drainage slope and binding force of the surrounding parts when laying block materials, we can set water guide joints in advance to solve this stubborn disease. The phenomenon of pebbles loosening and falling off is common in urban green space for the following reasons: first, in pursuit of beauty, the mortar is spread too thin, and the mortar bonded between pebbles almost disappears after washing, and it will loosen or even fall off once it is subjected to external force; Secondly, the washing time is not sure, it is washed too early, and the mortar is not bonded yet, causing losses; Excessive sand content in the third layer mortar will also lead to falling off. Therefore, in the process of dry paving pebbles, corresponding measures should be taken to control the appropriate mortar ratio and thickness, especially to grasp the time of first washing.

Hard pavement and garden road are broken or staggered at joints or both sides of expansion joints, especially large-area integral pavement or large material pavement. Therefore, expansion joints with different sizes and depths should be adopted according to the actual situation of the road in construction, and it is forbidden to cut too deep and too shallow, which can not penetrate the road surface and play no telescopic role; Too deep will destroy the cushion, make water penetrate into the base and reduce the strength of subgrade.

4. Plant landscaping

Whether it is a traditional garden or a modern garden, plant landscaping is always the theme we pursue. As a natural element of gardening, plants are eternal. An excellent garden work can't be separated from successful plant arrangement. The shape, leaf color, fragrance and seasonal changes of plants can create different artistic conception and charm.

Providing suitable growth conditions for plants is an important guarantee for plant survival, but some construction enterprises often think that planting seedlings is a simple operation. Due to the lack of correct understanding, the mortality rate of seedlings is high and the greening planting effect is poor. The reasons can be listed as follows: first, most of the soil in the south is sticky, the aggregate structure is poor, and the water permeability and air permeability are not ideal, which leads to tree planting or leaf rot or even death due to the high soil moisture; Second, pruning after planting exposes many stubbles, forming a phenomenon similar to "baldness", which seriously affects the landscape effect; Thirdly, because the ornamental surface and line of sight of plants are not considered when planting, the landing site is not good, and the best tree shape and posture can not be displayed. 4. As a widely used form of expression in modern gardens, lawn's greatest artistic value lies in providing a vibrant background color for gardens. However, due to the inadequate technical measures in the laying process, it often loses its own value, such as common phenomena such as yellowing, baldness, unevenness, "bullying the weak and fearing the hard". Therefore, the turf should be leveled as far as possible before laying, and the road surface should be knocked manually or mechanically to make the root of the turf close to the ground to avoid yellow patches caused by stagnant water. For turf with developed rhizomes, the roots should be cut off and ditched for isolation when laying to avoid the stems spreading to the road surface. At the same time, when planting plants, we should try to imitate their growth in nature, and cluster planting should be clear from master to slave, dense and orderly, avoiding three plants in a row; Plants should echo each other and look forward to family; Isolated plants should choose color, fragrance and appearance, and look from all sides. None of the above can be fully reflected in the drawings, which requires construction personnel to understand and master different varieties, specifications and postures when planting lofting.

The particularity of garden plants is that plants are living materials, which are different from other building materials such as concrete, steel and wood, and need the careful care of construction workers. Therefore, the maintenance and management of plants after planting is the key to their survival and the key to the success or failure of landscape engineering. Water, fertilizer, diseases, insects and pruning are the basic factors of greening and maintenance, but for new tree species, water balance is the most important thing to ensure survival, so we should seize several important periods after planting to replenish water. First of all, the root setting water after planting must be carried out within 24 hours after planting, and it should be poured thoroughly. At the same time, according to the weather and evaporation of trees, water should be replenished in time. However, for succulent root tree species such as palm and Magnoliaceae, it is forbidden to water too much, otherwise it will easily lead to root rot and death. In case of rainy season, various drainage measures should be taken in time to prevent water accumulation. At the same time, branches and leaves should be sprayed in time in high temperature season to ensure the survival of trees, so maintaining water balance has become an important link in the later maintenance of landscape engineering. As the saying goes, "three minutes. Visible, for greening projects, the importance of conservation is self-evident.

5. Garden architecture

The completed structures, architectural sketches, hard pavements and garden roads in landscape engineering belong to the category of finished product protection. Usually, once the structure is completed, the construction unit pays great attention to the protection of the finished product, especially the sun protection in the high temperature season in summer and the antifreeze in the cold season. Pavilions, verandas, etc. The durability of concrete structures is generally stable, and it is not easy to be damaged as long as the curing time reaches the standard.

However, wood structures and buildings are not. In modern gardens, outdoor wood products are more and more widely used, including wooden balconies, wooden pavilions, wooden leisure platforms, wooden chairs, wooden plank roads and so on. Although the wood used has been treated with anti-corrosion and anti-cracking before production, discoloration and cracking still occur from time to time, and the cost of wood products is relatively high, which brings a heavy economic burden to the construction and construction units. But through years of experience, we found that as long as we pay attention. First of all, classify the materials needed in the confirmed award-winning projects. Once wood is clearly needed, you should buy it first and find a suitable place to dry and air-dry. Secondly, before installation, coat tung oil or varnish on the processed wood products to prevent moisture from invading and becoming moldy and discolored; Third, in addition to wooden tenons, try to use copper nails. Before nailing a nail, use a drilling machine to drill through the board. It is forbidden to knock hard to crack the board.

This phenomenon does not belong to the category of finished product protection in principle, but belongs to the category of construction technology, but it often appears after the completion of the project, and people usually regard it as improper finished product protection. According to the analysis, the phenomenon of pan-alkali is generally due to the infiltration of water into concrete, which leads to alkali infiltration and white surface. This is a failure in landscape engineering. Although it does not affect the quality of the project, it seriously affects the landscape effect. After many tests in the construction process, a layer of varnish is brushed in time to protect the surface layer after collage, which can basically prevent alkali seepage. In addition, we can also make a waterproof layer on the inner side in contact with the soil, or set a moisture-proof layer in the wall slightly above the ground to solve this stubborn disease. Garden structures are generally small, and the above methods will not increase the cost too much, but they can play a very good role.

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