Does that expert know what this is?

Tired of winning money? Winning money is also called winning money, and it is also called gambling to win money, not money. Originated in the Western Han Dynasty, it was cast in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. Its original meaning is mainly divided into two categories: eliminating evil spirits and disturbing disasters and celebrating and praying for blessings. Later, the scope of wealth aversion became wider and wider, such as furnace-opening, warehouse-keeping, gift-giving, reward, blessing, disaster prevention, divination, appreciation, drama, accessories, zodiac and so on. All these have caused boredom with money. Later, it became more and more widely used. According to different uses, it can be roughly divided into commemorative, war-weary, trustworthy, bridging, supportive, playful, auspicious words, idioms, dramas and other categories. Throughout the past dynasties, all kinds of calligraphy and design contents mostly reflected the customs and habits at that time, so money-weariness has great reference value for investigating the politics, folk customs and culture of each dynasty. There are many materials that hate winning money, besides copper, there are also materials such as gold, silver, tin and lead. The emergence and development of money-weariness was closely related to many aspects of society at that time, and most of them reflected people's good wishes for peace and prosperity. Because of the variety of patterns, casting techniques and materials, the level of money is different. In addition, the government has also cast a lot of money for furnace opening, treasury, gifts, awards, blessings, appreciation and so on. Let the categories of spending money be more abundant.

At present, there are many remains of folk money, including many fine works, which are of great reference value to the study of religious history, folk history, art history, ancient architecture history, sports history and printmaking history.

[Edit this paragraph] The origin of money aversion.

Tired of winning, the book Biography of Mang History in Wang Han was published: "The southern suburb of Mang Qin was cast as a mighty struggle. The man who threatened to fight was made of five bronze stones. If Beidou is two feet and five inches long, they want to defeat all the soldiers with disgust. " Later, "aversion to victory" evolved into a kind of witchcraft of ancient alchemists-aversion to victory. At that time, people thought that people and things to be subdued could be subdued by hating victory. The word "tired" in the tired method is pronounced ya. According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "tired" means "tired". Therefore, it is often called the aversion winning method. Du Fu's "Stone Rhinoceros Tour" says: "Although there has been an overwhelming victory since ancient times, the river flows eastward." In fact, money aversion is an ornament made by people to avoid evil and pray for good luck according to the original meaning of winning the law. It is used for wearing and enjoying, hating evil and seeking good luck.

Qian Qi aversion originated in the Han Dynasty. From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, money aversion developed in an all-round way, with more types and quantities than the previous period. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the casting and spreading of money-weariness reached its peak, and its content involved almost all fields of people's lives, with various names. Its shape, inscription and ornamentation have reached the exquisite and perfect state.

[Edit this paragraph] Types and manifestations of money aversion.

There are many kinds of money-weariness, the superficial contents range from praising auspiciousness to art, from weddings and funerals to birthdays, from exorcism to karma, from Buddhist scriptures to Taoism, from birds and beasts to ghosts and gods, from flowers and trees to pavilions, from historical stories to poems and songs. It can be said that the superficial content of money-weariness covers almost every field of people's daily life, with rich and colorful contents, which can be called the epitome of China folk culture.

According to the production process of money-weariness, we divide it into two categories, namely hollow products and solid products:

First, hollowing out products.

Hollow products were first cast in Han dynasty, and their shapes were mainly round. The foundry workers are very beautiful, and the decoration is based on plants, animals and people. The decorative patterns are colorful and very ornamental. This kind of money is decorated with flowers and plants, so it is also called "spending money" and "spending money".

1, animals empty money. The decorative patterns are mainly dragons and phoenixes which are deeply loved by people, as well as fish, unicorn, deer and crane.

2. Characters empty money. Decorative patterns often take fishing, hunting and farming as the genre, which inherits the legacy of portrait bricks in Han Dynasty and reproduces the life and labor scenes at that time.

3, plants empty money. Decorative patterns are often based on creeping weed, peach blossom, peony, etc. The decorative style is vivid and ingenious, with far-reaching implications, which truly reflects the aesthetic taste and artistic reverie of folk artists.

Second, physical goods.

1, Qian Wen products.

On the front of the product, there are inscriptions on coins, such as Ji weight, Ji value, Ji year number and Ji country number. Officially circulated in the past dynasties, but there are various types of ornamentation and patterns on the back? Dragons, turtles, snakes, seven stars, swords, monks, etc. Strange shape.

2. Kyrgyz products

Auspicious money refers to non-circulating coins with "auspicious greetings" Qian Wen is a lucky and blessed word. Because people have the habit of expressing their wishes and comforting themselves, they are also called "oral lottery money". Both official casting and folk casting can be seen, and it is one of the varieties with the largest number, the largest format, the richest content and the widest spread in the world. Ji Qian is mostly used for socializing, conveying feelings, expressing good wishes for good luck, avoiding evil spirits and pursuing a happy life.

Because there are so many kinds of money, it can be divided into the following six types according to the content of performance: birthday? Such as Fushou Kangning, the world is peaceful and so on. , career? For example, the promotion of the Japanese, the seal of Wanli, and the imperial examination? For example, the five sons entered the subject, the top scholar and the three yuan in the company, business class? Such as daily income, fortune, gold, etc. What about wishes and compliments? Such as endless streams, dragons and phoenixes, etc. These auspicious words record people's inherent survival consciousness and belief worship, reflect people's exploration of natural phenomena and their own destiny, and place their beautiful ideals, wishes and feelings on the descendants of dragons.

3. Zodiac products

On the front of the zodiac money, there are designs and names of zodiac animals, or characters from the twelve branches. The back is mostly gossip, star officials and auspicious words. Some have one zodiac sign, one set of twelve zodiac signs, and some are all cast on the same money. Zodiac products have deep pockets, different sizes and vivid graphics. It is generally believed that the zodiac money was first cast in the Song Dynasty, and then it was cast in large quantities in successive dynasties, especially in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The money of the zodiac is an ancestor's understanding of the relationship between nature and human beings. The money of the zodiac is worn on the body to bless peace and auspiciousness, which reflects people's desire to pursue happiness.

4, gossip

Bagua Qianmian is a bagua symbol and a book divination, with spells on the back and mythical patterns on the back. In addition, some bagua coins are also attached with hooks with cirrus clouds or bat patterns, which is a blessing from heaven. Bagua money is mainly used for town houses, security, eliminating diseases and evil spirits, witchcraft divination and so on. It is said that Bagua Qian flourished in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, and put it on the beam to ward off evil spirits and pray when building a temple. From Daoguang to the demise of the Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid chaos and suppress evil, people also placed gossip money when building houses. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, it was mainly used for witchcraft divination.

5. play Magpin

A fighting tool, commonly known as "Semen Strychni", was popular in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was cast by people in past dynasties, with various varieties. Some have horse-shaped patterns on one side and horse names on the other, mostly famous horses in history; On one side, there are general or horse-shaped designs on horseback, and on the other side, there are the names of generals or officials, involving famous generals and officials since the pre-Qin period. Most of the nux vomica handed down from ancient times that we can see today are from the Song and Yuan Dynasties, but later generations also have imitations.

Is it common for General Tang in the Northern Song Dynasty to travel thousands of miles? On the back is a picture of a good horse. Is Zhao Jianglian quite? Go back to the general and ride the map, Bai Yi? Bai Yi is one of the eight horses in Zhou Muwang. Ai Hua is one of the eight horses in Zhou Muwang, and also the horse of Wawa? Bring a horse map.

Playing with money is a reflection of the cultural and recreational life of ancient Chinese people, and it is also a concrete material for textual research on the historical development of some game activities.

6. Immortal Buddhism and Taoism products

Coins are cast with figures or spells related to Taoism and Buddhism.

Taoism is manifested in the casting of names and patterns, including Han Zhongli, Zhang, He Xiangu, Lan Caihe, Han Xiangzi and Cao Guojiu, with vivid characters.

Buddhism is manifested in the casting of characters such as "Amitabha" and "Amitabha has no south".

7. Foreign products

The inscriptions on the special-shaped goods that win money are mostly auspicious, and the back is decorated with auspicious patterns. It was first cast in the Han Dynasty and has been cast in all previous dynasties. Various shapes and patterns.

There are mainly waist-shaped, cloth-shaped, conjoined, long-life lock-shaped, peach-shaped and so on.

From the above, we can easily see that the types of money are extremely complicated, and the superficial content involves all fields of people's daily life. Although most of the money is a relic of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, we can't simply measure its own value from the distance of the times, just like the popularity of official kiln porcelain in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Weariness of money belongs to mascots, and any mascot is favored by people. In addition to spiritual symbolism, exquisite craftsmanship, rich content and artistic appreciation are extremely important conditions. It is precisely because of the above characteristics that the money afraid of winning has been widely used and cherished by people for more than two thousand years.

[Edit this paragraph] Discrimination against money that is tired of winning.

Money aversion is the product of private money and superstition, mainly because it is an informal currency. In the past, numismatics scholars seldom studied it, and often only mentioned it in their works without further discussion, but in fact, the phenomenon of money aversion has been widely spread and existed for a long time. At the same time, from the perspective of types and foundry workers, most of them are exquisite, which should be regarded as an important category of coins, and have extremely valuable reference value for us to study the social situation, customs and folk culture and art at that time.

In recent four or five years, with the intensification of the ancient coin collection fever, the competition in the field of coin collection has also become fierce. Due to the scarcity of coins, the limitation of imported goods and the digestion and saturation of the ancient money market, some people began to broaden their collection horizons. Money-weariness is also favored by collectors because of its money form, and it is becoming a upstart. Because money aversion has rich cultural connotations, the research and collection of money aversion is also a pursuit and exploration of the spiritual world of ancestors. Due to the increasing scarcity of money, there is also considerable room for its rise and appreciation. Tired of money has become popular and the market is good for three reasons:

The first is the hedging function. Because money aversion belongs to the category of ancient coins, although coins are stingy, they have their own cultural value and are non-renewable resources, just like bronzes, paintings and ceramics. The longer the storage time, the longer the age, the greater the chance of appreciation in the future.

The second is to appreciate the function. Most people who win money are skilled in casting, with beautiful words and rich patterns, which are deeply loved by the majority of coin lovers. Because of its rich traditional style, coin lovers in Hongkong, Taiwan Province, Japan, Singapore, Europe and America also like to collect coins.

The third is the research function. Tired of winning money has a deep relationship with the folk customs of ancient society. Most of the patterns above reflect the social customs, spiritual concepts and religious beliefs at that time, and have profound cultural connotations. With the deepening of numerology research, scholars' research horizons and fields are constantly expanding, and some have jumped out of the traditional research scope of ancient numerology. At present, many scholars are studying and studying money-weariness, and some comrades even put forward the viewpoint of "coin folklore", which belongs to a new and unique discipline of numerology.

Like other ancient money, imitation money that hates winning has always existed. People forge war-weary coins for two main purposes: first, influenced by feudal superstitions, they pray for peace, wealth and evil spirits; Second, it was influenced by the trend of worshipping the ancient times and respected the folk customs at that time; Third, driven by economic interests to obtain high profits.

Because there is no customization for winning money, the research on dating is mainly based on copper color and pattern. The identification of counterfeit goods is mainly determined by the knowledge and vision of the recognizer. Judging from the analysis of counterfeit goods that can be seen in the current coin market, there are two main methods of imitation and forgery of money: cumulative win:

The first method is to turn over the mold directly with real money. It is very simple to directly turn over the mold with real money, and the production is relatively easy. However, no matter how clear the inscription of real money is and how vivid the pattern is, once the mold is turned over again, the style of new money will inevitably stagnate, and such fakes are easy to identify. Genuine products are natural and delicate, with bright colors and clear words and patterns, while counterfeit products are not. But if the imitation casting is realistic, it must be carefully identified. In the case of the same shape, inscription and decoration, it is very important to pay attention to copper, thickness, writing characteristics, style and characteristics of the times.

The second method is to use rubbings or photos of real money to model. Counterfeits made by rubbing or photo modeling have four fatal defects: first, they are of different shapes and sizes; Second, there are differences in weight and thickness; Third, the text is stiff and inflexible; Fourth, the pattern is not vivid enough and lacks three-dimensional sense.

When identifying these fakes, if there are genuine products, clear original drawings or rubbings made by seiko, the fakes will be revealed immediately.

From the analysis of counterfeit money that can be seen in the current coin market, it is found that some money-weariness was imitated the most from Han Dynasty to Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Five generations of actors in Zhu Yuanzhang and Bao Tong? There are many legends attached to the back of the moon, dragons, phoenixes and the Big Dipper, so there are many imitations and many forgeries. Zodiac products and gossip products hate to win money, because they conform to China's folk customs and national conditions, so they have been imitated throughout the ages. The Ming Dynasty copied a large number of coins from the Song Dynasty in order to be used as chips in the popular game of "hanging paper money cards on horses" at that time. So when we see this kind of money, we often look at its specific characteristics and cannot attribute it to the Song Dynasty. Due to the deepening of the research field of numismatics in Qing dynasty, the collection of coins began to flourish, and the Qing dynasty was also the peak of imitating coins of previous dynasties. At that time, there were many imitations of auspicious words, and there were also some wonderful legends that were money-averse. For example, due to various legends of Hongwu and Zhengde spending money in the Ming Dynasty, people competed to imitate casting, and its shape and decoration were ever-changing, but it no longer had the characteristics of coins at that time, and profit became the only purpose.

At present, the imitation and forgery technology of ancient coins is superb, which has seriously disrupted the coin market and collection field, as well as the tireless imitation of coins. In practical work, only by constantly improving our knowledge level can we continuously improve the level of coin identification and avoid being hurt by counterfeit money economically and emotionally.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, money aversion has been loved by the majority of coin collectors because of its rich cultural connotation and far-reaching implication. It can be said that a wide variety of currencies provided a rich material basis for us to study and study the economy, politics, culture, religion, art and folk customs of the society at that time. In a sense, money-weariness belongs to the earliest category of commemorative coins, and now the metal commemorative coins issued every year in China are probably some remnants of ancient money-weariness.

[Edit this paragraph] Collection and appreciation of accumulated money in past dynasties

In ancient China, there were some coins used informally. Although they are cast in the shape of coins, they cannot perform the function of money. This is money aversion, also called "winning money". Because most of them have decorative patterns for enjoyment, they are commonly called "spending money" and "playing with money". The pattern on money is a reflection of ancient folk customs, so some scholars call it "folk money". Throughout the ages, the government and the people jointly cast hate to win money, but most of them were privately cast. Materials are generally gold, silver, copper, tin, ivory, especially copper. Lucky money is mainly used for gifts, appreciation, accessories, divination, evil spirits and so on. It is a wonderful flower in China's ancient rich and colorful currency treasure house. Being tired of winning money is a reflection of the relationship between money and folk customs in ancient China. The patterns above are mostly related to religious beliefs, folk art, social customs and mysterious culture in history, and have high collection and appreciation value.

The origin of winning money

Tired of winning, the book Biography of Mang History in Wang Han was published: "The southern suburb of Mang Qin was cast as a mighty struggle. The man who threatened to fight was made of five bronze stones. If Beidou is two feet and five inches long, they want to defeat all the soldiers with disgust. " Later, "aversion to victory" evolved into a kind of witchcraft of ancient alchemists-aversion to victory. At that time, people thought that people and things to be subdued could be subdued by hating victory. The word "tired" in the tired method is pronounced ya. According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "tired" means "tired". Therefore, it is often called the aversion winning method. Du Fu's "Stone Rhinoceros Tour" says: "Although there has been an overwhelming victory since ancient times, the river flows eastward." In fact, money aversion is an ornament made by people to avoid evil and pray for good luck according to the original meaning of winning the law. It is used for wearing and enjoying, hating evil and seeking good luck.

Qian Qi aversion originated in the Han Dynasty. From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, money aversion developed in an all-round way, with more types and quantities than the previous period. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the casting and spreading of money-weariness reached its peak, and its content involved almost all fields of people's lives, with various names. Its shape, inscription and ornamentation have reached the exquisite and perfect state.

Types and manifestations of money aversion

There are many kinds of money-weariness, the superficial contents range from praising auspiciousness to art, from weddings and funerals to birthdays, from exorcism to karma, from Buddhist scriptures to Taoism, from birds and beasts to ghosts and gods, from flowers and trees to pavilions, from historical stories to poems and songs. It can be said that the superficial content of money-weariness covers almost every field of people's daily life, with rich and colorful contents, which can be called the epitome of China folk culture.

According to the production process of money-weariness, we divide it into two categories, namely hollow products and solid products:

First, hollowing out products.

Hollow products were first cast in Han dynasty, and their shapes were mainly round. The foundry workers are very beautiful, and the decoration is based on plants, animals and people. The decorative patterns are colorful and very ornamental. This kind of money is decorated with flowers and plants, so it is also called "spending money" and "spending money".

1, animals empty money. The decorative patterns are mainly dragons and phoenixes which are deeply loved by people, as well as fish, unicorn, deer and crane.

2. Characters empty money. Decorative patterns often take fishing, hunting and farming as the genre, which inherits the legacy of portrait bricks in Han Dynasty and reproduces the life and labor scenes at that time.

3, plants empty money. Decorative patterns are often based on creeping weed, peach blossom and peony. The decorative style is vivid and ingenious, with far-reaching implications, which truly reflects the aesthetic taste and artistic reverie of folk artists.

Second, physical goods.

1, Qian Wen products.

On the front of the product, there are inscriptions on coins, such as Ji weight, Ji value, Ji year number and Ji country number. Officially circulated in the past dynasties, but there are various types of ornamentation and patterns on the back? Dragons, turtles, snakes, seven stars, swords, monks, etc. Strange shape.

2. Kyrgyz products

Auspicious money refers to non-circulating coins with "auspicious greetings" Qian Wen is a lucky and blessed word. Because people have the habit of expressing their wishes and comforting themselves, they are also called "oral lottery money". Both official casting and folk casting can be seen, and it is one of the varieties with the largest number, the largest format, the richest content and the widest spread in the world. Ji Qian is mostly used for socializing, conveying feelings, expressing good wishes for good luck, avoiding evil spirits and pursuing a happy life.

Because there are so many kinds of money, it can be divided into the following six types according to the content of performance: birthday? Such as Fushou Kangning, the world is peaceful and so on. , career? For example, the promotion of the Japanese, the seal of Wanli, and the imperial examination? For example, the five sons entered the subject, the top scholar and the three yuan in the company, business class? Such as daily income, fortune, gold, etc. What about wishes and compliments? Such as endless streams, dragons and phoenixes, etc. These auspicious words record people's inherent survival consciousness and belief worship, reflect people's exploration of natural phenomena and their own destiny, and place their beautiful ideals, wishes and feelings on the descendants of dragons.

3. Zodiac products

On the front of the zodiac money, there are designs and names of zodiac animals, or characters from the twelve branches. The back is mostly gossip, star officials and auspicious words. Some have one zodiac sign, one set of twelve zodiac signs, and some are all cast on the same money. Zodiac products have deep pockets, different sizes and vivid graphics. It is generally believed that the zodiac money was first cast in the Song Dynasty, and then it was cast in large quantities in successive dynasties, especially in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The money of the zodiac is an ancestor's understanding of the relationship between nature and human beings. The money of the zodiac is worn on the body to bless peace and auspiciousness, which reflects people's desire to pursue happiness.

4, gossip

Bagua Qianmian is a bagua symbol and a book divination, with spells on the back and mythical patterns on the back. In addition, some gossip coins are also attached with hooks with cirrus clouds or bat patterns, which is a blessing from heaven. Bagua money is mainly used for town houses, security, eliminating diseases and evil spirits, witchcraft divination and so on. It is said that Bagua Qian flourished in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, and put it on the beam to ward off evil spirits and pray when building a temple. From Daoguang to the demise of the Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid chaos and suppress evil, people also placed gossip money when building houses. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, it was mainly used for witchcraft divination.

5. play Magpin

A fighting tool, commonly known as "Semen Strychni", was popular in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was cast by people in past dynasties, with various varieties. Some have horse-shaped patterns on one side and horse names on the other, mostly famous horses in history; On one side, there are general or horse-shaped designs on horseback, and on the other side, there are the names of generals or officials, involving famous generals and officials since the pre-Qin period. Most of the nux vomica handed down from ancient times that we can see today are from the Song and Yuan Dynasties, but later generations also have imitations.

Is it common for General Tang in the Northern Song Dynasty to travel thousands of miles? On the back is a picture of a good horse. Is Zhao Jianglian quite? Go back to the general and ride the map, Bai Yi? Bai Yi is one of the eight horses in Zhou Muwang. Ai Hua is one of the eight horses in Zhou Muwang, and also the horse of Wawa? Bring a horse map.

Playing with money is a reflection of the cultural and recreational life of ancient Chinese people, and it is also a concrete material for textual research on the historical development of some game activities.

6. Immortal Buddhism and Taoism products

Coins are cast with figures or spells related to Taoism and Buddhism.

Taoism is manifested in the casting of names and patterns, including Han Zhongli, Zhang, He Xiangu, Lan Caihe, Han Xiangzi and Cao Guojiu, with vivid characters.

Buddhism is manifested in the casting of characters such as "Amitabha" and "Amitabha has no south".

7. Foreign products

The inscriptions on the special-shaped goods that win money are mostly auspicious, and the back is decorated with auspicious patterns. It was first cast in the Han Dynasty and has been cast in all previous dynasties. Various shapes and patterns.

There are mainly waist-shaped, cloth-shaped, conjoined, long-life lock-shaped, peach-shaped and so on.

From the above, we can easily see that the types of money are extremely complicated, and the superficial content involves all fields of people's daily life. Although most of the money is a relic of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, we can't simply measure its own value from the distance of the times, just like the popularity of official kiln porcelain in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Weariness of money belongs to mascots, and any mascot is favored by people. In addition to spiritual symbolism, exquisite craftsmanship, rich content and artistic appreciation are extremely important conditions. It is precisely because of the above characteristics that the money afraid of winning has been widely used and cherished by people for more than two thousand years.

Discrimination of winning prizes

Money aversion is the product of private money and superstition, mainly because it is an informal currency. In the past, numismatics scholars seldom studied it, and often only mentioned it in their works without further discussion, but in fact, the phenomenon of money aversion has been widely spread and existed for a long time. At the same time, from the perspective of types and foundry workers, most of them are exquisite, which should be regarded as an important category of coins, and have extremely valuable reference value for us to study the social situation, customs and folk culture and art at that time.

In recent four or five years, with the intensification of the ancient coin collection fever, the competition in the field of coin collection has also become fierce. Due to the scarcity of coins, the limitation of imported goods and the digestion and saturation of the ancient money market, some people began to broaden their collection horizons. Money-weariness is also favored by collectors because of its money form, and it is becoming a upstart. Because money aversion has rich cultural connotations, the research and collection of money aversion is also a pursuit and exploration of the spiritual world of ancestors. Due to the increasing scarcity of money, there is also considerable room for its rise and appreciation. Tired of money has become popular and the market is good for three reasons:

The first is the hedging function. Because money aversion belongs to the category of ancient coins, although coins are stingy, they have their own cultural value and are non-renewable resources, just like bronzes, paintings and ceramics. The longer the storage time, the longer the age, the greater the chance of appreciation in the future.

The second is to appreciate the function. Most people who win money are skilled in casting, with beautiful words and rich patterns, which are deeply loved by the majority of coin lovers. Because of its rich traditional style, coin lovers in Hongkong, Taiwan Province, Japan, Singapore, Europe and America also like to collect coins.

The third is the research function. Tired of winning money has a deep relationship with the folk customs of ancient society. Most of the patterns above reflect the social customs, spiritual concepts and religious beliefs at that time, and have profound cultural connotations. With the deepening of numerology research, scholars' research horizons and fields are constantly expanding, and some have jumped out of the traditional research scope of ancient numerology. At present, many scholars are studying and studying money-weariness, and some comrades even put forward the viewpoint of "coin folklore", which belongs to a new and unique discipline of numerology.

Like other ancient money, imitation money that hates winning has always existed. People forge war-weary coins for two main purposes: first, influenced by feudal superstitions, they pray for peace, wealth and evil spirits; Second, it was influenced by the trend of worshipping the ancient times and respected the folk customs at that time; Third, driven by economic interests to obtain high profits.

Because there is no customization for winning money, the research on dating is mainly based on copper color and pattern. The identification of counterfeit goods is mainly determined by the knowledge and vision of the recognizer. Judging from the analysis of counterfeit goods that can be seen in the current coin market, there are two main methods of imitation and forgery of money: cumulative win:

The first method is to turn over the mold directly with real money. It is very simple to directly turn over the mold with real money, and the production is relatively easy. However, no matter how clear the inscription of real money is and how vivid the pattern is, once the mold is turned over again, the style of new money will inevitably stagnate, and such fakes are easy to identify. Genuine products are natural and delicate, with bright colors and clear words and patterns, while counterfeit products are not. But if the imitation casting is realistic, it must be carefully identified. In the case of the same shape, inscription and decoration, it is very important to pay attention to copper, thickness, writing characteristics, style and characteristics of the times.

The second method is to use rubbings or photos of real money to model. Counterfeits made by rubbing or photo modeling have four fatal defects: first, they are of different shapes and sizes; Second, there are differences in weight and thickness; Third, the text is stiff and inflexible; Fourth, the pattern is not vivid enough and lacks three-dimensional sense.

When identifying these fakes, if there are genuine products, clear original drawings or rubbings made by seiko, the fakes will be revealed immediately.

From the analysis of counterfeit money that can be seen in the current coin market, it is found that some money-weariness was imitated the most from Han Dynasty to Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Five generations of actors in Zhu Yuanzhang and Bao Tong? There are many legends attached to the back of the moon, dragons, phoenixes and the Big Dipper, so there are many imitations and many forgeries. Zodiac products and gossip products hate to win money, because they conform to China's folk customs and national conditions, so they have been imitated throughout the ages. The Ming Dynasty copied a large number of coins from the Song Dynasty in order to be used as chips in the popular game of "hanging paper money cards on horses" at that time. So when we see this kind of money, we often look at its specific characteristics and cannot attribute it to the Song Dynasty. Due to the deepening of the research field of numismatics in Qing dynasty, the collection of coins began to flourish, and the Qing dynasty was also the peak of imitating coins of previous dynasties. At that time, there were many imitations of auspicious words, and there were also some wonderful legends that were money-averse. For example, due to various legends of Hongwu and Zhengde spending money in the Ming Dynasty, people competed to imitate casting, and its shape and decoration were ever-changing, but it no longer had the characteristics of coins at that time, and profit became the only purpose.

At present, the imitation and forgery technology of ancient coins is superb, which has seriously disrupted the coin market and collection field, as well as the tireless imitation of coins. In practical work, only by constantly improving our knowledge level can we continuously improve the level of coin identification and avoid being hurt by counterfeit money economically and emotionally.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, money aversion has been loved by the majority of coin collectors because of its rich cultural connotation and far-reaching implication. It can be said that a wide variety of currencies provided a rich material basis for us to study and study the economy, politics, culture, religion, art and folk customs of the society at that time. In a sense, money-weariness belongs to the earliest category of commemorative coins, and now the metal commemorative coins issued every year in China are probably some remnants of ancient money-weariness.