What does Shang mean in classical Chinese?

In fact, in addition to the explanation of up and down, ancient Chinese often used the word' Shang' to refer to' emperor' and' monarch' implicitly.

Monarch; emperor

The Law of Shanghai's Illegal Ancestor —— Lv Chunqiu Chajin

Make friends with foreign generals and soldiers. -"Historical Records Chen She Family"

Assistant minister above means resignation. Gong () sat at the end and said, "Special Xianggong won't listen!" -Huang Ming Daozhou "Festival Atlas Yuan Gong Chuan"

According to the obituary, the official was sent to attend the funeral with the sacrifice of a disciple of the doctor, Chen Si, who came from Sanlao, near Gong Xue. -Chen Ming Jiru's The Story of the Temple of Fuji (Yuan Keli)

Another example is: upper use (the specifications used by the emperor); On being in power (emperor); State-owned merchants (the princes in the Han Dynasty called the Imperial Chamber State-owned merchants, and later called the capital); Shangyuan (the garden where the emperor hunted and played); Shanglin (referring to the royal garden)

Ancient prose, ancient prose. Generally speaking, it refers to the Chinese characters of the seal script system handed down from the pre-Qin dynasty, such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen and Zhangwen.

Ancient prose in a narrow sense refers to ancient prose, and generally does not include parallel prose. A general term for ancient classical Chinese before the May 4th Movement (generally excluding "parallel prose").

Compared with parallel prose, it is a kind of prose with strange sentences, single lines and dual temperament. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, parallel prose swept the world with its dual style, neat syntax and gorgeous rhetoric. Su Chuo opposed the flashy style of parallel prose in the late Northern Dynasties, and wrote Dayu as the standard genre of the article, which was called "ancient prose", that is, writing the article in the pre-Qin prose language. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and others advocated restoring the tradition of rich content, free length, simplicity and fluency in the prose of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, that is, calling such prose ancient prose. Han Yu's "Mourning Ouyang Sheng Hou" said: "The older you are, wouldn't it be evil to read its sentences alone?" Miss the ancients, but can't see them. Learning ancient roads, I want to know them at the same time. "Teacher's Commentary" said: "Li, ... is a good ancient prose, and the six arts are all spread in Zhizhi, regardless of the times, learning from each other's strengths. "They all formally put forward the name of the ancient prose for later generations. The outstanding ancient prose writers in the Tang Dynasty, although calling for retro, are full of innovative spirit. In Ming Dynasty, He Jingming advocated the theory that "literati must be in Qin and Han Dynasties".

Ancient prose refers to the characters in the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period and previous ancient books. Xu Shen said in "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xu": "Mrs. Zhou wrote fifteen pieces of Da Zhuan, which is different from ancient Chinese." Compare the ancient prose with the big seal script, saying that the ancient prose is a general term for the characters before the Book of Poetry.

Because the ancients had no pen and ink, they used bamboo sticks to draw and write on bamboo tubes. This is called book deed, also called bamboo slips. Because bamboo is hard and greasy, writing is not smooth, and the words written are thick and thin, like tadpoles, so it is called tadpole book or tadpole essay. All the lacquer books on bamboo slips can be called tadpoles, not necessarily written by Cang Xie.

Ancient Chinese characters mainly refer to the characters in ancient books, such as the Book of Changes, The Analects of Confucius, Chunqiu, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Lv Chunqiu and Xiaojing, all of which are relatively early characters.

A general term for classical Chinese before the May 4th Movement (generally excluding "parallel prose"). Official script was popular in Han Dynasty, so the font before Qin Dynasty was called ancient prose, especially in Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi.

The earliest known systematic writing form in China is Oracle Bone Inscriptions, also known as "Wen Qi", "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" or "tortoise shell and animal bones", which mainly refers to the characters carved by the royal family on tortoise shells or animal bones for divination in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~1century).

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record words. Bamboo slips and silk are used to record characters, while silk is expensive, bamboo slips are huge and the number of words recorded is limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, it is necessary to delete unimportant words so as to carry the most information with the least words.

The early ancient prose was mostly used by the ruling class for divination, sacrifice and publication.

In the Western Han Dynasty, bamboo slips were replaced by paper. When "paper" is used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes has been stereotyped, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" has evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

Ancient prose mainly refers to the characters in ancient books, such as the Book of Changes, The Analects of Confucius, Chunqiu, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Shilu Chunqiu and Xiaojing. This is an early writing style.

Kong's ancient prose called the latter "Biography of Teachers". King Lu Gong (BC 155 ~ BC 129) destroyed Confucius' residence and got The Book of Rites, Shangshu, Chunqiu, The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety.

Wei zhengshi's (240~248) three-body stone sutra, the first ancient prose, was only carved into Shangshu and Chunqiu.