The relationship between Yi people's religious witchcraft and the origin of art

According to the Yi literature Le Aoteyi, the seeds of the gods fell to the lower bound. After three years and nine generations, it finally grew into a huge fir tree, but it was always like a human being, like a tree instead of a tree, and could not be the ancestor of human beings. It was not until Arju Acong that the mountain god learned that Bimo would be asked to get rid of the filth of white, flowers and black before he could become an ancestor, so he sent porcupines and white rabbits one after another. Abimo agreed to finish the work in the lower bound. Abimo cut three bamboo poles in the bamboo forest behind the house and made them into hexagrams, Buddha hats and Buddha fans. He gave them to Abiz's third grandson. Abiz came to the boundary with a classic book named Smoangan, and after cleaning up the three-color pollution for the fir giant, he held a pig sacrifice ceremony, so twelve snow clans appeared in the boundary, one of which became the ancestor of mankind.

The changes of Bimo

In order to commemorate the achievements of Ebinur's grandparents and grandchildren in the spirit of heaven from generation to generation, Bimo once used three wooden sticks with their tops cut into inclined planes to represent the throne of Ebinur's grandparents and grandchildren in the shrine.

During the Japanese era from Jushan to A Niu, human beings entered the matriarchal clan society. According to the Zujing of Zambezi, the stone stone made Bimo first, then the stone A Niu tribe, and the cow passed on the stone color, and the stone color passed on to Ge Russia, and Ge Russia passed on the ink. After the Momo tribe completed ten generations, human beings began to enter the patriarchal clan society. According to "Le Ao Yi Sacrifice Cause Sutra", it was about ten thousand years ago that the ancestors of Yi people formally offered sacrifices to their ancestors. When mankind entered the patriarchal clan society, Shierte was an epoch-making figure who reformed the matriarchal clan system in Yi history. Since Schelter, human beings have refined the content of Bimo's completion, removed the false and preserved the true, and began to sort out and boldly invent the procedures, contents and instruments in Bimo's completion ceremony. So far, it is very effective to pray for peace, whether in offering sacrifices to ancestors or exorcising ghosts and treating diseases. According to the genealogical records of the Yi people, there have been more than 70 generations of/kloc-0 since the beginning of Erte, with an average of 25 years, which has been more than 4,200 years since. In other words, the Yi religion was basically formed 4200 years ago. Later, hirt passed it to Le Wei's Rubik's Cube, and the Rubik's Cube was passed to Phuk-Hom. Asula was a famous bimo master of Yi nationality after he was spread from Adulu to Asula in Xichun period of Southern Song Dynasty. Ashuze's contribution is to sort out, standardize and fabricate the original Yi classics.

Yi people's bimo concept

Bimo is a transliteration of Yi language, in which "Bi" means "chanting" and "Mo" means "learned elder". Bimo was a priest who praised, prayed and sacrificed for others. Bimo has vast magical powers and profound knowledge. His main functions include offering sacrifices, offering sacrifices, practicing medicine and divination. Its cultural function is to organize, standardize and teach Yi language, and to write and copy ancient books including religion, philosophy, ethics, history, astronomy, medicine, pesticides, crafts, customs and characters. Bimo plays an important role in the life of Yi people, such as fertility, weddings, funerals, diseases, festivals, hunting and sowing. Bimo is in charge of both theocracy and culture, and is a master of ghosts and gods.

Bimo culture is a wonderful flower in the world's ethnic and religious culture, the core culture of China Yi traditional culture, and the culture created and passed down by Bimo, a special clergy group in Yi society. It is a well-preserved primitive religious culture with scriptures and rituals as the carrier, belief in ghosts and gods and witchcraft rituals as the core, and involves and contains rich contents of Yi philosophy, social history, educational ethics, astronomical calendar, literature and art, customs and etiquette, medicine and health.

The position and function of Bimo

Bimo occupies a lofty and sacred position in Yi society. Bimo is in the third place among the five levels of Yi society, namely Zi (Tusi), Mo (Judge), Bi (Bimo), Ge (Craftsman) and Zhuo (Shu Ren). Bimo is a great intellectual who inherits Yi culture and spreads unified Yi language. No one may infringe on Bimo's property and person. Bimo plays an important role in religious belief, history, education, science and technology, life, law, marriage, etiquette, art, medicine, exploration, funeral, art and prediction of the future.

Of course, Bimo should also be graded, which is mainly determined by Bimo's experience and ability to complete (the size of the ceremony). There is no need to measure Bimo's reputation by age. If some young Bimo can also attend the large-scale completion ceremony, it can be called Big Bimo. What kind of inauguration ceremony will be held and what kind of bimo will be invited to complete it are all decided by divination. The so-called ceremony depends on the work. For example, after the completion of a large-scale work, it is a large-scale completion ceremony to send an ancestor's coffin (Nimu Cuobie). For example, using sheep, pigs and chickens three times a year can only be regarded as a small and medium-sized ceremony. See the introduction of type completion ceremony later in this article.

The present situation of Bimo of Yi nationality

Where there are Yi people, there are Bimo activities. As a typical Yi-inhabited county in China, Meigu is the hometown of a generation of Bimo master Asula Ze, and is known as the "source of Sonobo" (that is, the source of Bimo is in Huangmaoling, meigu county). This is the most concentrated area of Bimo culture of Yi people in China, and it is famous for its cornucopia of Yi culture at home and abroad. Bimo culture is praised as "embedded" by experts and scholars. It runs through the production and life of the Yi people. Meigu is the place where the Yi people have the most Bimo (according to incomplete statistics, Bimo has more than 8,600 people out of the county's population of 6,543.8+0.8 million), with the richest contents and the most complete collection of ancient books.

The ancient and mysterious completion ceremony of Bimo

In Liangshan, every Yi family holds more than three small and medium-sized adult ceremonies every year. When Bimo finished going out, he put on his cassock, hat, fan or bell and looked taller and more powerful than usual. After Bimo's completion, rap is a unique artistic genre combining literature and music of Yi people, with various tones, such as simplicity, innocence, fear, treble or bass, which makes people feel unique and mysterious.

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