Why are people selling tea and wine called "doctors"?

At present, the highest degree awarded by educational institutions is called "doctor", such as doctor of philosophy, doctor of medicine, doctor of literature and doctor of education. But why are people who sell tea and wine also called "Dr. Tea" and "Dr. Wine"?

In fact, the name "doctor" originated from Qi, Lu and other countries in the Warring States period, and it is an official name. For example, Xu Shen's "Five Classics and Different Meanings": "During the Warring States Period, doctors were juxtaposed." Another book, Hanshu. "Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao" records: "Doctor, Qin Guan, Zhang Tong ancient and modern." Therefore, the doctor of the Qin Dynasty was a very learned man who was familiar with ancient and modern times. His job is to be responsible for consulting the country's ancient and modern history and book laws and regulations, and to serve as the emperor's academic adviser.

By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, according to Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, hundreds of doctors were deposed and became independent doctors of the Five Classics. At Gong's suggestion, outstanding young people are recommended from all over the country, and postdoctoral students who study under the Five Classics are called doctoral disciples. They were appointed as officials with excellent results, in charge of classical teaching. Such as Hanshu. Volume 10. The History of Emperor Cheng records: "imperial academy, established in ancient times, spread the legacy of the former king to the world. The official of Confucian scholars originated in the world, and it should be clear from ancient times to modern times, learning from the old and reaching the state system, so it is called a doctor. " Therefore, at this time, the "doctor" gradually evolved from an official position to a teaching position. Although the doctor is a professor, he is gradually developing in the professional direction.

After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, doctors have become officials specializing in one art, and the person who is proficient in etiquette is Dr. Taichang, who is in charge of court etiquette. Anyone who is familiar with temperament is Dr. Taylor, who is in charge of court sacrifices, banquets, songs and dances; Those who are proficient in medical skills are surgeons and internal medicine doctors; Those who are proficient in astronomy and ephemeris include Dr. Astronomy, Dr. Calendar and Dr. Bo. Specializing in astronomy, calendar, divination, etc.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, because of vocational schools, people who specialized in a certain profession were called "doctors", such as doctors in medicine, arithmetic, calligraphy and law. Therefore, before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, doctors must be knowledgeable or proficient in a subject. Although their official positions are not high, their social status is relatively high.

However, after the Song Dynasty, the status of doctors gradually declined, and the service personnel in the service industry were also called "doctors". For example, a wine seller or a waiter in a restaurant is called "Dr. Wine", which was uploaded in "Jing Ben Popular Novel Zhang Zhicheng Prison": "On the trip, a man rushed to the future from behind and shouted,' Director Zhang, someone invited you. "John Zhang looked back and was a doctor of wine"; The chef who can cook pasta is called "Dr. Mo". In The Journey to the West. The forty-ninth time, there was: "You are not Dr. Mo, how can you make noodle sticks"; The owner or waiter of the teahouse is called "Dr. Tea", which is Guan Hanqing's "dream of clothes". The third discount is uploaded: "Dr. Jia Cha, the owner of the teahouse, please send someone." However, the word "Dr. Tea" first appeared in Tang Dynasty. Seal the record of "Feng Wen Zhi", Volume 6, "Drinking Tea": "Order the slave to take away thirty dollars and reward the doctor with tea." Dr. Tea here originally refers to people who can cook tea and master tea art.

In fact, after the Five Dynasties, under the feudal system, officials not only took bribes, but also sold titles and titles to collect property, which led to too many official titles, and gradually formed an atmosphere of calling people by official names. People often use address from low to high, plus virtual titles to show respect and flattery to please each other. Over time, the doctor's title with special skills was occupied by folk peddlers and pawns who specialize in one job.