What influence did Su Shi receive during Wang Anshi's political reform?

1. Su Shi's Poems on Wang Anshi's Political Reform

Su Shi's poem about Wang Anshi's political reform 1. Su 'an History Reform

Su Shi really disapproved of the new law and wrote some poems describing the sufferings of the people.

Li Ding and others mainly distorted Su Shi's poems as satirizing the emperor and the court, but Su Shi didn't mean it. Many "charges" are far-fetched and far-fetched, which is equivalent to "literary inquisition".

Su Shi finally went to court, but he did not flatter and obeyed unreasonable policies. Many people have offended the "new party", and there are good people and bad people in the new party. Wang Anshi is a politician who cares about the world and strives to promote reform. Li Ding and other villains brutally whipped dissidents.

Song Shenzong is a wise and enlightened monarch. He supports the New Deal, but he also appreciates the talent and loyalty of Su Shi, an "old party", and intends to tolerate Su Shi and reduce his punishment. Among them, Wang Anshi also pleaded for Su Shi.

2. Su Shi and Wang Anshi

How to say it! Our Wang Anshi is a Zhang-style figure who can't rub sand into his eyes. Su Shi did put forward more pertinent opinions on the objective factors of political reform at that time, but our Wang reformer was single-minded and could not pull it back.

Coupled with some misunderstandings, it led to Su Shi's tragedy. It can be said that they are not political enemies. Because according to Su Shi's later dissatisfaction with Sima Guang, we can see that he is a more objective and practical person. I remember a famous person said that Su Shi himself was deeply influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. He not only has the ideal of literati seeking detachment and the natural inaction of Taoism, but also has the sense of mission of taking home and the world as his own responsibility, and wants to level the world through his official career. So I can't let go of both ends, which leads me to be in the cracks and neither side is pleasing.

3. Su Wangshi Wang Anshi's "Wutai Poetry Case", he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform and was unpopular.

Su Shi disagreed with the new law and wrote some poems describing the sufferings of the people. Li Ding and others satirized the emperor and the court mainly by distorting Su Shi's poems, but Su Shi didn't mean it. Many "charges" are far-fetched, which is equivalent to a "literary prison". Su Shi finally went to court, but he didn't compliment and obeyed unreasonable policies. Many people in the "new party" have been offended, and there are also good people in the new party. Song Shenzong was a wise and enlightened monarch who supported the New Deal, but he also appreciated the talent and loyalty of Su Shi, an "old party", and deliberately tolerated Su Shi and reduced his punishment, among which Wang Anshi also interceded for Su Shi.

Su Dongpo changed Wang Anshi's poems.

I don't know what kind of outline I want. I'm just saying. I hope I can help you.

This story is mainly about Dongpo changing poetry. Although Su Dongpo is a great writer and versatile, gold is never barefoot, and no one is perfect. In fact, a person's knowledge is limited, including experience and knowledge. Although Dongpo lay man is at the peak of his knowledge, his experience at this time is not as good as his knowledge. These two poems are unreasonable, and it is a bit inappropriate to change them rashly without the owner's consent.

Dongpo's arrogance can be seen from his couplets when he was young. "He knows all the words in the world and reads all the books in the world." As a result, he was kicked at the door. In fact, this sentence is difficult to practice. Zhuangzi also said, "My life is limited, but so is my knowledge".

The moral of this theme is to be modest and prudent in whatever you do. Read thousands of books, take Wan Li Road, and gain more experience while studying. After all, practice is the only criterion for testing truth. Otherwise, a letter is better than no book.

Some people say that Wang Anshi relegated Su Dongpo to Hepu. When it comes to Hepu, there is also an allusion that Hepu belongs to the Pearl River. In fact, although Wang Anshi and Sima Guang, the leader of the opposition party at that time, had different political views, they were impeccable in moral quality. Moreover, Su Shi is not completely opposed to political reform, but should believe in Wang Anshi's character.

5. What poems did Wang Anshi write to Su Shi?

Do you think the story and the poem match?

Wutai poetry case

About when Su Dongpo was a minister in the imperial court, before he was demoted, one day he went to Wang Anshi's study Wu Zhai to find Wang Anshi. When Wang was away, there was a poem on Wu Zhai's desk, and only two sentences were written-"The moon crows several times, and the yellow dog lies in his heart." Su Dongpo looked and looked, wondering. How do you call the bright moon in the branches? How can a yellow dog lie on a flower heart? Thought it was wrong. So I changed my pen and changed the poem to "The moon shines in the sky and the yellow dog lies in the shade." After Wang Anshi came back, he was extremely dissatisfied with Su Shi's revision of his poems and demoted him to Hepu. After Su Dongpo arrived in Hepu, one day, he went out for a walk and saw a group of children around a pile of flowers, shouting, "Yellow dog Rollo, black dog Rollo, come out quickly!" Rollo rollo, rollo rollo. "Out of curiosity, Su Dongpo went over and asked the child what to shout. The child said, let's tell the bug to come out quickly so as to catch it. Su Dongpo looked closely at the flower and saw several yellow and black insects as big as sesame crawling in the stamen. Ask the child again what kind of bug is this? The child said: yellow dog bug, black dog bug. Su Dongpo left the flowers and came to a banyan tree. He met a crisp birdsong and asked others, what is this birdsong? Others replied: this is called the bright moon bird. At this time, Su Dongpo suddenly realized that he had wrongly corrected Wang Anshi's poems. However, later generations commented that Wang Anshi was too narrow-minded as a prime minister. Although he knows the local customs, he should not set up the Wutai Poetry Case because Su Shi wrongly corrected two of his poems, put Su in prison and then gave him away to others casually. Doing so is tantamount to "literary inquisition". In fact, in history, Wang Anshi punished Su Dongpo and corrected two poems by mistake, which was only a superficial secondary reason. In fact, the main reason is that Su Shi opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. Therefore, Su Shi was demoted several times.

In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1079), Su Shi was demoted to Huzhou. The reason for his demotion is that he disapproves of Wang Anshi's new law. Su Shi paid tribute to Song Shenzong as usual. This is a red tape article, but he knows that he was released to the outside world and was tampered with by the suggestion of the new party. Therefore, the grievances in my heart can't help but write a slightly grumbling "knowing that it is difficult to catch up with newcomers when they are born;" Check the old man's troubles, or he can raise the king. "At that time, Zhang Dun and Cai Que, political opponents, accused Su Shi of mocking the reality of the imperial court in the name of" thanking the table ",being arrogant and venting their dissatisfaction with the" new law "and demanding severe punishment. , He, and others quoted Su Shi's Poems on the Chronicle of Hangzhou as evidence, saying that he "played with the imperial court and mocked state affairs", and even found some sentences from his other poems, which were taken out of context and convicted, such as: "Reading thousands of books without reading the law made you ignorant. "Originally, Su Shi said that he could not study hard and help the emperor become a saint like Yao Shun, but they pointed out that he was satirizing the emperor's inability to teach and supervise officials. For another example, "if the East China Sea has a clear idea, it should be taught to turn brine into mulberry fields", saying that he is accusing the water conservancy construction of being wrong. In fact, Su Shi himself built water conservancy projects in Hangzhou. How could he think that was wrong? Another example is "Shao said that he forgot to understand the taste, and there was no salt in recent March", saying that he was sarcastically prohibiting people from selling salt. In a word, it is determined that he dares to ridicule the emperor and the prime minister, and he is guilty of a heinous crime and should be sentenced to death. So the court removed Su Shi from office, arrested him and sent him to Yushitai for trial. At this time, Shen Kuo also came out to snitch, saying that Su Shi's poems had the meaning of mocking state affairs, and others took Su Shi's poems as evidence (the poem that made Su wipe out bad luck was a two-line poem praising cypress trees: "Roots are nowhere in the grave, and only dragons are known in the world. These two poems are accused of stabbing the emperor: "The emperor is like a dragon in the sky, but Su Shi wants to find a dragon under the grave. There is nothing better than this! " ) accused him of "disobedience" and wanted to kill him. A major case involving 39 relatives and friends of Su Shi and more than 100 poems was shocked by Shen Kuo's informer. This is the famous Wutai poetry case.

After Su Shi went to prison, his life and death were uncertain, and he was frightened several times a day. While waiting for the final verdict, his son Mai Su went to the prison to bring him meals every day. Because the father and son can't meet, they make an appointment in the dark: they usually only send vegetables and meat, and if there is bad news about the death penalty, they will send fish instead, so that they can make preparations early. One day, because Mai Su ran out of money, he needed to borrow it, so he entrusted a friend to deliver food for Su Shi, but forgot to tell his friend the secret agreement. It happened that that friend sent a smoked fish to Su Shi when he was delivering dinner that day. Su Shi was shocked and thought that he was ill-fated, so he wrote two farewell poems for his brother Su Zhe with extreme sadness. One of them is: "the Lord is like the sky, and everything is spring, and the little minister is stupid and dies secretly." It's even more tiring to pay off debts after a hundred years. It is a castle peak where bones can be hidden. He is alone in the rain. It is even harder to be a brother with you in this life. " Second: "The white frost is sad at night, and the wind is low on the moon. The dream is like a deer around Yunshan, and the soul is like a chicken. The rhinoceros horn on the forehead is really a gentleman, and the cows behind him are ashamed of their old age. Where is the centenarian wandering? Tongxiang should be in western Zhejiang. " After the poem was written, the jailer gave it to Emperor Zongshen according to the regulations. Song Shenzong admired Su Shi's talent and didn't mean to kill him. He just wanted to dissuade Su Shi. After reading these two poems by Su Shi, I was very moved, but I couldn't help being impressed by such talent. In addition, many people in the dynasty pleaded for Su Shi, and Wang Anshi also advised Zongshen that it was inappropriate for the Holy Dynasty to punish celebrities, so Zongshen ordered Su Shi to be lenient and demoted to assistant minister of Yong Lian in Huangzhoutuan. The sensational Wutai Poetry Case ended, and Su Shi's two "Desperate Poems" were widely circulated.

6. What is the relationship between Wang Anshi's political reform and Su Shi?

What is the relationship between Wang Anshi's political reform and Su Shi?

During the Northern Song Shenzong period, the court wanted to save the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, so it asked Wang Anshi to launch a political reform movement, which was later called "Wang Anshi's political reform". At that time, many ministers in the DPRK disapproved of Wang Anshi's political reform movement, including Su Shi. Su Shi resisted and protested Wang Anshi's political reform. Before carrying out the political reform, Su Shi pointed out that Wang Anshi's political reform measures were too radical and could not last long in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Portraits of Wang Anshi and Su Shi

1069, Su Shi wrote to Song Shenzong three times, pointing out the shortcomings of Wang Anshi's political reform. Among them, Su Shi put forward opinions to Song Shenzong on Wang Anshi's Gong Ju law. Su Shi believes that the talent selection system advocated by Wang Anshi only pays attention to ability, not personality. If talents are selected according to the public recruitment method, then the court will breed many speculators. Su Shi positively criticized Wang Anshi for choosing talents and appointing people, ignoring the interests of the people. Subsequently, Su Shi was suppressed by Wang Anshi and other reformists. However, this did not stop Su Shi from giving up. He wrote to Song Shenzong twice, fully attacking the disadvantages of Wang Anshi's political reform measures. Taking the employment law as an example, Su Shi pointed out that the money employed will increase the tax burden of the people, and for those opportunistic corrupt officials, they can also get a lot of benefits from it. If this measure is implemented, it will only lead to public resentment.

Su Shi's repeated exhortations have never been taken seriously by the rulers. After all, he is just a civil servant with a low official position. Su Shi knew Song Shenzong's determination and perseverance in political reform, but he still wrote to put forward the disadvantages of political reform measures, which showed that Su Shi was a talented person with great wisdom and courage. Soon after, Su Shi was pushed out by the reformists and left Beijing. Later, he wrote to Song Shenzong and explained to him the living conditions of the people after the reform.

What is the evaluation of Su Shi?

Because of his outstanding talent and quick thinking, Su Shi wrote countless poems in his life, and later generations listed him as one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Besides, what other characteristics does Su Shi have, from what aspects and how do people evaluate him? Let's make a brief analysis.

Su Shi's image

First of all, from the appearance alone, many people think that Su Shi is a handsome guy, charming and deeply loved by women. This can be seen from his lifelong marriage. Su Dongpo was married three times in his life. After the death of his first wife, Wang Fu, her cousin Wang Runzhi had a crush on her brother-in-law, Su Shi, so she found someone to be a matchmaker. Finally, she got her wish and became the second Mrs. Su. In order to remember his dead wife, Su Shi wrote the word "Jiangchengzi", which deeply expressed his mourning for his dead wife. Because of this, he was appraised as a affectionate person by later generations and deserved it.

Secondly, from the perspective of goal orientation, people define him as a person with ambition and ideals, who can stick to his ideals and never give up. When Su Shi was young, he admired Confucianism very much, and he was proud to get a career and serve the court after his success. But he obviously didn't get the care of the god of fate, and his career path was full of twists and turns. He was even wrongly imprisoned for offending the new forces. After he was released from prison, Su Shi was once re-appointed, but was soon demoted. However, this tortuous experience did not dispel Su Shi's original direction and ideal. From this perspective, he should also be regarded as a promising person.

Finally, it is accurate and accurate to evaluate Su Shi as an open-minded and heroic person only from the perspective of thinking theory. Many of his works fully embody this point, and the hero's teacher is Su Shi.

What are Su Shi's broad-minded words?

Su Shi, known as "Su Dongpo" in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a famous bold poet, politician and writer. Su Shi ranks among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties because of his prose. His poems are called "the model of Song Dynasty" and his ci is called "legislation for ci".

Su Shi sculpture

Although Su Shi's literary attainments are high, there are not many words left behind. According to statistics, there are only more than 300 ci poems, but Su Shi's ci poems are also called "broad-minded ci poems", which opens a new chapter in ci poetry.

Politics is unpredictable and mysterious. Many literati were influenced by Confucianism and wanted to serve the imperial court, but they were suppressed to varying degrees. Tao Yuanming's poems mostly lament poverty and illness, Li Bai's bold poems are full of melancholy, Du Fu's poems often contain frustration and frustration, while Su Shi's poems show different minds and understandings of life's sadness.

The formation of Su Shi's broad-minded ci is inseparable from Su Shi's life background and experience. Throughout his life, Su Shi did not follow others' advice, nor did he form a clique for personal gain. Although he was demoted many times, he still didn't bow his head like reality and didn't go with the flow. Su Shi is familiar with Confucianism and Taoism and has formed an open-minded and optimistic character. Even in the face of the most embarrassing "Wutai Poetry Case", he lost confidence in politics, but this did not hit his natural attitude towards life. Even after being demoted, he still served the people, established hospitals and schools, and was called "Su Xianneng" by the locals.

Su Shi's broad-minded poems, whether mourning, unfulfilled ambition or spiritual loneliness, show his persistence and pursuit of life hope in a detached and broad-minded manner.

7. Is it right or wrong for Su Shi to oppose Wang Anshi's political reform?

In fact, our descendants can tell the merits and demerits of Puritanism anyway. Lin Yutang's Biography of Su Dongpo is entirely from the standpoint of a scholar, and he always feels that the evaluation of political reform is biased and even quite vicious. But this book is regarded as a classic of Dongpo, so it still makes sense. But I think it is more important to objectively analyze this problem from the accidental factors of historical environment.

People who have never been smart and wise can't change the law. Wang Anshi was extremely clever since childhood. Even from a modern point of view, many of his behaviors are very similar to those of autistic genius. His main rival Sima Guang is also smart and wise, but if Sima Guang is described as smart, then Wang Anshi is wise. First of all, there is nothing wrong with the reform itself. We can see that the Song Dynasty became rich in a short time, largely thanks to the new law. Unfortunately, the environment for the implementation of the new law is too harsh, because it has no obvious benefits for the literati, wealthy businessmen and aristocrats, and the younger generation has been clinging to the forces of Gong Jing, attacking the old party and eradicating dissidents, which has added a lot of resistance to the new law. In the second half of the implementation of the new law, in fact, Wang Anshi has retired to Shan Ye. Therefore, the failure of the new law does not explain the fault of Wang Anshi's political reform.

Let's see why Su Shi opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. One of the reasons is that Su Xun took Su Shi and Su Zhe to Beijing to take the exam, and Su San immediately became famous all over the world. Just when San was full of ambition, Wang Anshi criticized Su Xun to the emperor with his own observation. And later, Su Xun just wrote an essay "Rape Argument" (bitter, almost personal, a little naive) which has always been regarded as a new law against Wang Anshi. Although some people say that Su Xun actually supports political reform in his heart, there is nothing he can do. The filial piety of all virtues comes first, Su Shi, Su Zhe and even people with filial piety, so even if there is a trace of support for the new law in their hearts, they can never agree with it on the surface. Therefore, when Su Shi was young, he totally denied the new law. This is an accidental factor. The second reason is that the new law was born in the Song Dynasty, when the whole country was eager to recover the country quickly, which just catered to the mentality of most people at that time. Su Shi, on the other hand, realized that strong medicine was not as good as gentle conditioning because of his knowledge accumulation and talent. In fact, from the human body's point of view, although strong drugs are effective for a while, it is easy to cause large-scale resistance after the disease is suppressed for a period of time. It is better to gently recuperate and slowly annihilate. It can be seen that Su Shi is not completely opposed to political reform, but dissatisfied with the rapid process of political reform. In fact, Su Shi is reasonable on this point, which is true from a historical point of view. But the new law is not. The so-called big sleep and the new law were defeated by the delay of later generations and ruthlessly swept away by Sima Guang.

In addition, after the new party was removed from the ruling and opposition parties, Su Shi still didn't get any benefits from the old party. He is naive, and his views on people and politics are too simple. Because he criticized the actions of the old party, he was famous all over the world, deeply afraid, and was demoted early, and he was even more ruthless than the new party, not to mention Lingnan, even Hainan.

It can be seen that politics is not as simple as right or wrong. Moreover, Su Shi had nothing to do with Wang Anshi all his life, and he also highly praised Wang Anshi's thoughts. Wang Anshi also appreciated Su Shi's poetic talent and asked him to live in seclusion. However, although Su Shi was moved at that time, he urgently needed to go to Beijing.

If we really want to distinguish right from wrong, I think we can say that there is nothing wrong with Wang Anshi's new law itself, but there are many mistakes such as improper employment, which makes it impossible to implement it smoothly. Su Shi's opposition to Wang Anshi's political reform had little influence in history (almost no, just provided many topics, because although Su Shi's literary talent was first-class and famous all over the world, he never had a big say in politics ... what a pity), but he followed his own ideas and true intentions and was not afraid of power, which was also correct.

Looking back at history, from the perspective of our descendants, there is nothing wrong with the ideas of Shang Yang, Wang Anshi, Zhang and Yongzheng, but people opposed them at that time, because not everyone's eyes were comparable to those who dared and had the ability to reform. Therefore, we should not judge another celebrity because of his opposition. Everyone has his own position. Correspondingly, in ancient times, all these reformers except Wang Anshi spent their old age in Shan Ye. Others were either killed by the emperor or died of overwork. . Alas. . It is true that political reform is for the country and the people, but after all, it will harm the interests of the original powerful groups.

There is nothing wrong with Su Shi's opposition to political reform (being used), and so is Wang Anshi's political reform.

8. The influence of Wang Anshi's reform on Su Shi's ci style

106 1 year (in the sixth year of Jiayou), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third class of "the first in a hundred years", and was awarded the position of judge and book signing in Fengxiang Prefecture, Dali. His mother died in her hometown and returned to North Korea on 1069 (the second year of Xining), where she still holds her post. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they opposed the new law and disagreed with the political views of the new prime minister Wang Anshi. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.

The "new progress" in Su Shi's complaining words refers to a group of "small groups" introduced by Wang Anshi during his political reform. The word "disruptive" has become a common language used by conservatives to attack reformists. These words naturally hurt those "little people" who are still stealing high positions for personal gain. He was the first to report Su Shi, followed by Wang Anshi's students. Being framed by He, He and others in every way, Su Shi had to be handed over to Yushitai by decree, and the "Root Survey Institute" headed by him was responsible for the trial. His brushwork became sharper and sharper, accusing the court of being poor and weak. He is eager to calm down one day. However, "it's a big dream in the world, and life is cool in autumn." Dongpo's flowing works triggered Wutai poetry case. In this way, an appalling literary inquisition began.

Wutai case was a literary inquisition in the Northern Song Dynasty. As a result, Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned in Wutai for 4 months. In the imperial history, Cheng, Yu, and Zhe picked up the sentences and poems written by Su Shi from the Xie Shang table in Huzhou, and arrested Su Shi on charges of slandering the New Deal. Su Shi's poems really mocked current politics, including the problems in the process of political reform. The case was first reported by the censor and then tried in the censor's prison. The so-called "Wutai", that is, the Jade Terrace, is also called "White Terrace" because cypress trees are planted everywhere in the government. Crows often build nests on cypress trees, called Wutai. So this case is called "Wutai Poetry Case".