Liu Bei and Liu Chan suppressed Yizhou for a long time. Yizhou didn't fight back?

The political factions within Shu and Han can be roughly divided into four categories. Northern School, Jingzhou School, Eastern Zhou School, Yizhou School, and some ministers of Cao Wei, such as Jiang Wei, Xia Houba, Xu Liang, Yin Shang, Liang Qian, etc., all have high status, but they are not counted.

Among the four schools, the northern school was once brilliant, but it declined because of the lack of green and yellow; Jingzhou faction has an absolute advantage. Although the Eastern Zhou School is weaker than Jingzhou School, some people are in power. Relatively speaking, Yizhou School is very young. The suppression of Yizhou School by the rulers will inevitably explain the alienation from Germany, and the prophecies and predictions that appear in Yizhou may explain the dissatisfaction of Yizhou School with Liu's rule.

First, Liu Ermu and Liu Bei's attitude towards Yizhou School.

The suppression of Yizhou School is not limited to Liu Bei or Liu Chan's two generations of Shu Han emperors, but also dates back to two Yizhou pastors and Liu Zhang at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, from the fifth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the first year of Yan Xing in Shu Han Dynasty (namely 188 to 280), which is a long-term problem.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a system of avoiding local officials, which was called "three mutual laws". Although the research on the "three mutual laws" in the history circle mostly stays in the guessing stage (historical materials are too scarce to help), the locals can't be the hell officials, but they should know each other. This is a way to avoid the local people's goodwill and form an interest group, and it also formed a certain resistance to the warlords in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

For example, Liu Biao was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou, but he was not from Jingzhou and had no foundation at all. He could only rely on the support of local nobles in Jingzhou. The result is that the rise of Chua's and Kuai's, the death of Liu Biao and Liu Cong's surrender to Cao Cao are all related to this reason.

Ada's initial situation was somewhat similar to that of Liu Biao. After Jia Long defeated Yizhou Yellow Scarf Horse, he was welcomed into Yizhou. Ada has no foundation in Yizhou, but the means are not bad. On the one hand, Ada wooed Zhang Lu, which was quite influential in the local area, on the other hand, it absorbed foreigners such as Nanyang and Sanfu who entered Yizhou. These people, like Ada, have no foundation in Yizhou, and they can only rely on Ada to gain the capital based on Yizhou. Ada also integrated these people into his own force, the so-called "Eastern Zhou Scholars". Yizhou local factions became targets.

Both Ada and Liu Zhang adopted the strategy of attacking and containing Yizhou School. However, in the period of Liu Zhang, the balance between the two promoted the status of Yizhou School, which caused the dissatisfaction and panic of Dongzhou School. Liu Bei entered Yizhou in the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1 year), and in the 17th year of Jian 'an (2 12 year) the following year, Liu Bei officially attacked Liu Zhang. The "Eastern Zhou Family" showed no moral integrity, Li Yan, Guan Fei, Wuyi and Xu Jing surrendered one after another, but Yizhou School showed more tenacity. Therefore, after obtaining Yizhou, Liu Bei gave considerable rights and interests to the "Eastern Zhou Family", but he was slightly indifferent to Yizhou School.

The suppression of Yizhou Sect

"Yuzhou (Liu Yuzhou, Liu Bei) enters Shu, and Jingchu people are expensive" can be regarded as a microcosm of the political pattern of Shu and Han. With the gradual decline of various factions in the north, outsiders in Yizhou, Zuowei Liu, naturally chose a new approach, and also used the outsider Jingzhou to curb the development of various factions in Yizhou. There is another reason. Liu Bei gave Zhuge Aliang a high weight before he died. Even he was the real leader of Shu Han, and he had the right to replace Liu Chan. Although Zhuge Liang is not from Jingzhou, he is very close to Jingzhou scholars. It is easy to understand that Zhuge Liang, as the actual ruler, manages the Shu Han, and the Jingzhou faction is outstanding.

After Prime Minister Zhuge Liang, the political center of Shu Han was basically led by an important official who recorded the history of ministers or ministers. Although Shangshu is subject to the above-mentioned important officials, he is also the highest official of Shangshutai. We can see that Shu Han was once a leader who recorded or even recorded the history of ministers, and was a figure who created the history of ministers: Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, Jiang Wei, Ma Zhong, Zhuge Zhan, Dong Jue, Fa Zheng, Liu Ba, Li Yan, Kyle, Dong Yun, Lu Yi, Chen Zuo and Fan Jian.

Among them, Jingzhou sent 6, Eastern Zhou sent 7, and Cao Wei surrendered to the minister 1. As a local power of Shu and Han, there is only one person on the list of Yizhou factions, and that is Ma Zhong, the general of Zhennan. However, this is not the normal state, only in the seventh year of Yan Xi of the Shu and Han dynasties (that is, AD 244). The specific reason is that Cao Shuang, the general of Cao Wei, attacked Hanzhong, Fujiangwan of Shu Han detained Fucheng County, and Fei Yi, the general, sent troops from Chengdu to support Hanzhong, making Ma Zhongping a thing of the past. It is temporary in nature.

On the whole, Yizhou school may be located in the south-central area far from Chengdu; Or for some high-ranking but low-ranking official positions, there are only a few important people such as Wang Ping, Ma Zhong and Li Fu, but obviously they have not reached the leading position. Compared with Jingzhou School and Yizhou School, Yizhou School's position is obviously lower than the former two schools. As for the northern Sect, it is not within the scope of comparison.

Yizhou's prophecy against Liu's rule

Liu's suppression of Yizhou Sect will naturally cause dissatisfaction and resistance of Yizhou Sect. During the rule of Ada and Liu Zhang, many rebellions took place. Although the control of Yizhou is stable and the contradictions are not too sharp, it has not eliminated the dissatisfaction of various parties in Yizhou with Liu's rule. Various factions in Yizhou lack the right to speak militarily and politically, so it should be possible to oppose Liu's rule in culture by another means. Some predictions and predictions that are not conducive to Liu's rule in Yizhou may be a manifestation of the opposition of various factions in Yizhou to Liu's rule

During Liu Bei's reign in Yizhou, two things happened. Before Liu Bei attacked Hanzhong, he divined the results from Zhou Qun and Changyu. Zhang Yu advised Liu Bei: "If Hanzhong is indisputable, the army will be unfavorable." In fact, Hanzhong is a place that Liu Bei Group must control. If you don't fight for Hanzhong, you will easily be locked in Chengdu Plain. In addition, Zhang Yu also said other remarks to others, such as "Liu's family is exhausted", "After nine years (Yizhou), it is a loss between pubic hair" and so on. Finally, Zhang Yu was killed by Liu Bei.

Later, Jingzhou was attacked by Jiangdong Group and Guan Yu died. Liu Bei is determined to crusade against Sun Quan. He divined from Li Yiqi, a warlock in the middle of Shu. Li Yiqi pulled out some military forces and weapons, and then shredded them all. Another portrait of a great man buried in the soil is self-evident: Liu Bei will fail in this military operation and die himself. This is also a manifestation of the morale of the Shu and Han armies.

There was a proverb at that time? "The generation of the Han Dynasty, when painting is high," and "when painting is high" will replace the Han Dynasty. There are also different opinions about the explanation of "being too high". Yizhou people, interpreted as "Wei"; Du Qiong, Minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, further explained that "Wei" is the palace name, so it is "dangtu Gao". Du Qiong went one step further, matching "Cao" representing the official position with "Dangtu" to determine the so-called Cao Wei Han Dynasty orthodoxy. In addition, Du Qiong also made a fuss about the names of Liu Bei and Liu Chan. Shu Han had to surrender first, and then II died. It is worth noting that Du Qiong died in the 13th year of Shu Han Yan Xi (AD 250), which means that Du Qiong made his remarks when Shu Han still existed.

In the fifth year of Jing Yao in Shu Han Dynasty (AD 262), the trees in Shu Han Palace were broken, and Qiao Zhou wrote on the column, "Many people are big, so we will give them tools. How to reply"? "With many people, the power is great" refers to "Cao Wei" and "with tools" refers to Liu Bei and Liu Chan, citing Du Qiong's meaning, which means that Cao Wei wants to unify the whole country, and Shu Han is in Liu Chan's generation. In the first year of Yan Xing in Shu Han Dynasty, when Cao Wei's army attacked Shu Han, it was also Qiao Zhou who insisted on refuting the plan of fleeing to Nanzhong or Soochow, and urged Liu Chan to surrender to Wargo.

Zhang Yu, Li Yiqi, Qiao Zhou are all from Yizhou, and they all made statements that were not conducive to Liu's rule. Li Yiqi's special situation, with many magical colors, seems to be unable to explain the problem, while the other three did play the role of divination and had a negative impact on the rule of Shu and Han. The purpose of including these remarks in the annals of the Three Kingdoms is to show that their predictions are accurate and they are proficient in divination. However, these remarks, which are not conducive to the rule of Shu and Han, appear and even spread within Shu and Han, and they are all from Yizhou people. Combined with Shu Han's suppression of Yizhou faction, it is not difficult to see the connection.