Historical narrative prose

First, when writing a composition on the topic of history class in primary school, there was a history class in grade five. The man who teaches us history is a semi-old man, surnamed Liu and named Yushu. Teacher Liu's history class is very distinctive. After finishing the text with us in a hurry, most of the rest of the students are teaching us to rap some historical songs he wrote.

"More than one million years ago, China had human ancestors ... from 770 to 476, this period belonged to the Spring and Autumn Period; Feudal society, the Warring States period began, in the first 475 years; Before 22 1, Qin was unified; 209. Before Chen Wu Uprising ... Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions, before 138, before 359 Shang Yang Reform ... "Many years later, I can still clearly remember some paragraphs of these ballads. Because the primary school history exam is a simple recitation of some important historical events and their ages, this learning method is easy to learn and easy to use, and it is very affordable.

At that time, my favorite was history class. Often when the bell rings, Mr. Liu strides into the classroom and shouts, "Class!" " "The monitor shouted" Stand up! " The whole class stood up with a brush. Teacher Liu's pointer is very artistic on the stage. "Rap rap historical songs now! """More than one million years ago, China had human ancestors ..." Teacher Liu led the singing while conducting, and we all shook our heads and sang. The whole class sang loudly and the atmosphere was very warm. At that time, we all copied these songs in our notebooks and watched them when we first sang them. Later, the familiar ones could be sung backwards, and the little notebook was lost (unfortunately, the complete written record was not found later). After singing so passionately for two or three times, Teacher Liu waved his hand and said, "Sit down. Now everyone sings by themselves. I went to the field to see. "

Teacher Liu is a "private" teacher. His family has several acres of land. In the first season, he will be busy in other places, and the history class will become a self-study class. At first, everyone could sing quietly for a while under the "suppression" of the monitor, and some naughty students made some strange noises and deliberately went out of tune, which made the whole class burst into laughter. History class has also become a "laughing class".

The best memory is that Mr. Liu took us to his field in the spring hoe. Give us a start, sing a few words, and then he hoes the ground himself, leaving us to continue singing there. At that time, the sunshine was warm, the spring breeze was intoxicating, the wheat seedlings were green, the rape blossoms were golden, the birds were flying freely in the air, and our songs were floating in the fields. When singing, the cute little face in front of me is still clearly printed in my mind.

After hoeing the ground for a while, Mr. Liu will come back to tell us stories. There are many stories in the old man's stomach, each one is more wonderful than the other. After he finished, he continued to hoe the ground and we continued to sing.

It was strange for a while that Mr. Liu took us out to class privately and went out to hoe the ground in class. The headmaster never paid attention to it, but there were strict restrictions on other teachers. But then I was not surprised, because the junior high school graduation exam was the first in the history exam of more than 20 primary schools in the township, and more than half of the students in our class got more than 90 points in history. After singing for a year, I got 96 points in history. And in the future history study, I don't find it difficult to recall the most troublesome years and events. I often blurt out when I ask what happened in the year.

I feel sad to see that children are overwhelmed by their studies, and I am ready to miss the good time of rap history class. Teacher Liu Yushu is now over 70 years old and retired at home. Over the years, I heard that he edited many geographical and historical songs, but unfortunately they did not spread widely. When I told this story to a friend who taught history in a key middle school, he said contemptuously: The eight-way tactics used by your teacher Liu are unsightly. Do you think that if my history class is changed to music class, the noisy principal will not be anxious with me, and the parents will not be anxious with me?

This story can't spread. It seems that the history lesson full of songs and laughter in memory can only become history. ...

Second, narrative prose, want that kind of ancient style, beautiful river spring water, spring breeze all over the city, the holy land of music and culture, to bring a quiet rest to travelers walking in the fireworks world.

Magnolia in May blooms in late spring. Looking at the vast world, how many things can last forever and how many years can be paid.

Only music, like a tree blooming in the waterfront of time, is quiet in a corner of this world, watching the metabolism in spring and autumn and never dying. I thought that in the turbulent Shanghai beach, a spray was enough to drown the tenderness.

But I don't want to wander in the elegant melody. Yesterday's beauty and happiness are within reach today. May Shanghai spring pass through the years on the human stage.

I hope a song is quiet and beautiful, expressing the time sequence. The life of the phonograph at sea is always in constant memory. No matter how prosperous and noble he is, sometimes an old song can take us back to the past and relive that fleeting time.

Old Shanghai is like a sleeping old dream. People think that this feeling has disappeared after a hundred years. However, a lot of long-lost familiarity has been cast aside in old songs. We just need to gently cross the street of the annual ring and resonate with its soul at the corner of a certain season.

Some people say that Shanghai is too beautiful to be copied. When the prosperity is gone, it is still the past that touches the heart. Therefore, walking in the busy Shanghai, there is always a quiet blank in my heart.

I always thought that there would be no graceful intersection of people who are shoulder to shoulder. In fact, in the sea customs that can be seen everywhere, we have the same dream and need to rely on those old memories to pin our mood.

Walking into Fangbang Road, you are greeted by the splendor of new Shanghai and the ancient customs of old Shanghai. Known as the "Old Street of Shanghai", it has elegant binding in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and also has a collection of many old photos, calendar cards and old pictorial.

Those old things that have been forgotten for many years have long disappeared in famous commercial streets such as Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road, but they can be seen everywhere in this old street. Red lanterns hanging high under the eaves of shops and wine flags fluttering in the wind are telling passers-by the graceful yesterday of old Shanghai in the most primitive way.

Friends from all corners of the country, from all corners of the country, gathered in an old street with a long ancient rhyme. Do they want to look for lost dreams in the old scenery, or just to add an unusual artistic conception to the journey of life? The music of old Shanghai flows slowly in the depths of time, and then permeates the whole city.

We can't help but indulge in singing, hoping to meet the destined person in this life in the vast sea of people. We are Upright, and the old street is the ferry.

It is neither too early nor too late to meet among thousands of people. It is not until we hold each other's hands that we suddenly realize that all the waiting is worth it. If life is a practice, all we have to do is to find a clear world, hold hands and watch the clouds with a smile, so as to be worthy of the beautiful Guang Chen of our life.

In this late spring season, many people are immersed in the melody of the old record player and get warmth and happiness in the real and illusory, implicit and restrained music. The Red Mansion is located in Xujiahui Park.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, EMI Records Company of France landed in Shanghai, bringing a fashionable phonograph. This "singer can keep her voice and turn her nose" machine excited the Shanghainese at that time and soon became popular throughout Shanghai.

A charming small building, after seven or eight decades of vicissitudes, still retains an extraordinary appearance. Fireplaces, chandeliers, old record players, bakelite records, these old things have a fantastic beauty, so that people who have been here are willing to pour tenderness into them and will be moved here. I believe this is the quietest place to belong in the noisy world.

Singing "Little Red Chamber" in Chinese has collected too much prosperity and brilliance that can't be done now. Almost all the important figures in the history of modern art in China have left deep or shallow footprints here.

Nie Er created March of the Volunteers here, Li Jinguang's "Cordate telosma" was also created here, and Chen Gexin's "Rose Rose I Love You" was originally recorded here. The sky and clouds in the past have dispersed. When the wind and smoke calm down, there will be another beautiful legend to continue yesterday.

There is a narration in the Paramount movie: "Old Sir Paramount is playing, you can't refuse a gorgeous turn." Half a century ago, Paramount was once the "No.1 Yuefu in the Far East" which was well-known at home and abroad.

There have been many excellent jazz musicians here, who have described jazz with a strong sense of color. Listening to jazz is like mixing a glass of Chinese and western wine. It has both elegant oriental charm and romantic western amorous feelings, which makes people who have tasted it linger in the memory of black and white time and indulge in neon scenery.

When you meet Paramount, any turning around will make people turn back frequently. Paramount poses in the colorful night scene, and many melancholy clouds are melted by the charm of the singer's smile.

Sometimes, a gorgeous cheongsam is enough to make the tourists in the whole city fall. Shanghai at night, the city that never sleeps, seems to be singing and dancing at any time.

And all we want is a beautiful hangover in the music flowing at the peak of our youth. I didn't wake up like a dream until the first ray of sunshine fell on the windowsill.

Walking in the long and narrow alley of Shikumen, all dusty memories gushed out instantly. The wooden attic, covered with green vines, is filled with rich old Shanghai customs.

A familiar old song floated from someone's windowsill, and the nostalgic atmosphere was filled with faint gardenia fragrance. If the alley has no end, all tourists will really think that time has gone back for decades.

And we are authentic old Shanghainese, in the alley of fireworks, we have a dull life. Shanghai is like a city of destiny. Once people who have been there fall into nostalgic music, they will never forget this love.

These people like to sit in the afternoon sunshine, drink a pot of leisure tea, look through old photos in the tunes of old records, and begin to remember them for a long time. These people like to walk the streets, see the scenery and human feelings of the city, and immerse themselves in the ups and downs of old Shanghai.

For many years, the old things have already changed to new owners, and the sound of the Huangpu River still promises to be with every passerby or not. We all believe in fate, if it is really fate, no matter how long.

3. Narrative Prose in Pre-Qin Period From Shang Dynasty to Warring States Period, China's Prose developed from bud to maturity.

The culture of ancient historians in China is very developed, and narrative prose describing historical events first appeared in the history of prose. The earliest source of China's prose can be traced back to Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

People in the Yin Dynasty used tortoise shells and animal bones for divination, and then engraved the date of divination, the diviner and the things divined, and some even included the fulfillment of good or bad luck in the future. This is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Oracle bone inscriptions were discovered in Anyang, Henan Province in the late Qing Dynasty. It is a relic of the migration from Pan Geng to the demise of the Yin Dynasty, with a history of more than 3,000 years.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is rich in content and simple in narration, which can be regarded as the bud of narrative prose in the pre-Qin period. In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some inscriptions often appeared on bronzes.

Most of these inscriptions were written by nobles such as kings, princes and courtiers. They are long and short, but they also describe social life. Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty are generally simple and have a fixed form.

In the Zhou Dynasty, the number of words in Ming culture increased and the content became more complicated. There are not only words to remember things, but also words to remember words similar to Shangshu.

The narrative of many inscriptions has reached a certain scale. Thus, the bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties actually reflected the development process of China's early notes and characters from simple to complex.

Shangshu is similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen in time span. Shangshu is a compilation of historical materials recorded in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, including Yu Shu, Shangshu and Zhou Shu.

Among them, Yu Shu Yaodian records the legends of Yao, Shun, Yu and others, which is a memorial for future generations, not a record of people at that time. However, Shangshu Pan Geng is a reliable work in Yin Dynasty and the ancestor of Chinese words.

"Zhou Shu" is mainly written in letters and oaths, among which the remarks about Duke Zhou are the most recorded. The words in Shangshu are simple and elegant, and their language skills surpass those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen. Moreover, these works are all single articles with complete structure, which directly influenced the maturity of historical narrative prose in the pre-Qin period.

Spring and Autumn Annals was originally a general term for the history of the Zhou Dynasty and various vassal states, and later it specifically referred to the Chronicle of Lu State revised by Confucius. It recorded the history of fourteen years from Lu Yinnian to Lu Aigong, and it can be said that it gave a concise description of the historical events in this period.

The book Chunqiu arranges historical events in chronological order, and the bookkeeping method is "taking events as the day, days as the month, months as the time, and years as the time", which has a clear concept of time and conscious bookkeeping consciousness. But the notes are very short, only more than forty words, only one word short.

Therefore, although simple and orderly, it is not a real narrative prose. Ideologically, it is the main tendency of Spring and Autumn Annals to maintain the rites of the week, oppose trespassing and breach of rites, and condemn heresy and atrocities.

Moreover, these ideological tendencies are not expressed in the form of argumentative essays in writing, but in a brief description of historical events. "Spring and Autumn Annals" also contains a word of praise and a word of disparagement, and expresses the author's love and hate with meticulous wording.

This practice was widely inherited by later historical biography literature. Zuo Zhuan is the abbreviation of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as Zuo Chunqiu.

According to legend, Zuo Zhuan was written to narrate the Spring and Autumn Annals by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu, but later generations doubted it. It is generally believed that this book was written in the early Warring States period, and the last editor must be a Confucian scholar.

Zuo Zhuan, like Chunqiu, not only lists historical events objectively, but also expresses the knowledge and understanding of historical events, sums up historical experiences and lessons from the standpoint of Confucianism, evaluates historical events and historical figures morally and ethically, and provides historical reference for people. Zuo Zhuan also adheres to the rites of the Zhou Dynasty, and respects the ceremony and the sun, and uses this as a norm to judge the characters.

At the same time, the author also saw the trend of social change at that time, which reflected the idea of attaching importance to the people and putting people first, from which we can see the progressive historical view of Zuo Zhuan. On the basis of Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan added a lot of historical facts and legends, narrated colorful historical events and described various historical figures.

It can be said that the short notes in Spring and Autumn Annals have developed into complete narrative prose. At the same time, Zuozhuan also developed the brushwork of Chunqiu, which mainly reflected its moral evaluation through vivid narration of the event process and description of the characters' words and deeds.

And created a new form, that is, directly introducing arguments in the narrative or after the narrative to conduct moral and ethical evaluation of events or characters. This form undoubtedly shows the author's position and feelings more clearly and enhances the narrative sense.

Therefore, Zuo Zhuan is called "the most narrative" in pre-Qin prose, which marks the maturity of China's narrative prose. Guoyu is a national history with 2 1 volume, which records the history of Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue respectively, and is a compilation of historical materials from various countries.

His book was written in the early years of the Warring States Period. The proportion of "language" in the book is different in different countries, and the deeds recorded in different countries also have their own emphasis. Guoyu mainly embodies the Confucian concept of respecting ceremony and valuing people, and the thought of respecting heaven and protecting people since the Western Zhou Dynasty has also been inherited in the book.

Although Guoyu still attaches great importance to the destiny, it has paid equal attention to the relationship between God and people, from the worship of destiny to the attention to personnel. This is actually an ideological progress.

Mandarin is mainly about memorizing words, most of which are courtship, feasting, satire, argument and response. His writing is meticulous in image thinking and logical thinking, but it is colloquial and vivid.

Although Guoyu focuses on memorizing words, it is not a simple argumentative or quoted record, but a series of stories, large and small, interspersed among them, which also shows the characteristics of narrative skills and plot conception, and sometimes can write vivid characters. However, as far as literary achievements are concerned, compared with Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu is still slightly inferior.

The Warring States Policy, Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu mainly reflect the differences of Confucianism, highlight the thoughts of strategists and reflect their outlook on life. The Warring States Policy * * * 33 volumes, miscellaneous notes on Eastern Zhou, Western Zhou, Qin, Qi, Chu,.

4. Seeking the most beneficial teaching of junior high school students' narrative prose 10 Once upon a time, two people walked through the desert together.

Drinking water on the way, one of them got heatstroke and couldn't move. The companion handed the gun to the victim of heatstroke and repeatedly ordered that there were five bullets in the gun. After I leave, you shoot a gun in the air every two hours, and the gunshot will lead me to see you.

"Say that finish companion confidently to find water. Lying in the desert, heatstroke sufferers are full of doubts: can their companions find water? Can you hear the gunshots? Will he let go of this burden? At dusk, there is only one bullet left in the gun, and the companion has not come back yet.

Heatstroke sufferers are convinced that their companions have left and they can only wait for death. In my imagination, vultures in the desert flew in, pecked his eyes and pecked his body ... finally, the heatstroke patient completely collapsed and sent the last bullet to his temple.

Shortly after the gunshot, his companion took a pot full of water and led a camel on a business trip to find the warm body of the heatstroke victim. Ten years have passed, and every time I think of this story, I always fall into meditation after sighing: the victims of heatstroke are not swallowed up by the harsh climate in the desert, but destroyed by their own bad psychology.

In the face of friendship, he replaced trust with doubt. In the predicament, he dispelled hope with despair. For more than ten years, no matter what kind of environment and how many difficulties I faced, I never gave up my faith and confidence in life.

That story is the most beneficial lesson I have learned in my life.

5. What are the historical essays? Also known as History, it consists of three parts: country, chronicle and biography.

Country style: through the independent arrangement and description of historical events in various countries, the narrative of a historical process is completed. National sports history books include Mandarin and Warring States Policy. "Mandarin" focuses on memorizing words and taking notes; The Warring States policy is mainly based on notes.

Chronological style: that is, taking time as the classics and events as the latitude to describe historical facts. Its advantages are clear clues, clear background and good systematicness; The disadvantage is that it is not convenient to describe the characters deeply and widely. Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan and Zi Tongzhi Jian are all chronicles.

Biography: People-centered writing of history was originally created by Sima Qian. Twenty-four histories edited by ancient officials all adopted biographical style. This style has a great influence on later generations.