Eight hundred years of the Great Zhou Dynasty: Great efforts were made, prosperity was flourishing, Mount Li was on fire, the son of heaven was helpless, and Jiuding returned to Qin.

King Wen was arrested and acted in Zhouyi. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wang was at a loss. The eldest son is Xibe, that is, Zhou Wenwang. Wang Renyi, Corporal Li Xian, many people went to see him. At this time, someone said to Zhou Wang, it is not good for you to do good in Zhou Wang and return to the hearts of princes. So he imprisoned King Wen in prison. King Wen is in prison and has not been idle. He studied innate gossip invented by Fuxi all day, combined with his experience in divination, politics and military affairs, and invented the acquired gossip, namely the sixty-four hexagrams. He sorted out the order of the sixty-four hexagrams and made a statement. Later, the Duke of Zhou made a speech for the sixty-four hexagrams. In this way, Zhouyi was formed. The Book of Changes or the Book of Changes is known as "the source of the avenue and the head of the group classics". It is a book that must be read by scholars and tested in imperial examinations. It can be seen that its content is rich and profound, its status is high and its influence is far-reaching! Confucius appreciated it very much. All these have laid an important foundation for the research and development of Yi-ology in later generations. Later, Wen Wang's subordinates presented beautiful women, horses and rare items to Zhou Wang through Zhou Wang's minion Fei Zhong. Zhou Wang was overjoyed and let King Wen go.

After the death of King Wen, he succeeded to the throne. At this time, he got the assistance of King Taigong (Jiang Ziya), Zhou Gongdan, Zhao Gong, Bi Gong and others. King Wu set out to cross the Yellow River. When the boat reached the middle of the river, a white fish jumped on the boat and King Wu used it as a sacrifice. Crossing the Yellow River, a fire fell from the sky, landed on the roof of King Wu, solidified into the shape of a crow, and when it fell, it gave off a red flame with a loud noise and rumbled. Governors happen to coincide to cemented, * * * eight hundred governors came to Jin Meng here. The governors said they could crusade against Zhou Wang, but King Wu said it was impossible and he didn't know his fate. So King Wu came back with his army. Although there was no formal crusade against Zhou Wang in this alliance, King Wu tested and won the hearts of the governors and became clear about his own strength.

King Wu attacked. Two years later, Zhou Wang was even more cruel, killing Beagan and imprisoning Ji Zi. Chunyu Kun and Du went to Xinjiang in Zhou. At this time, it was announced to the ministers that Yin had committed a great crime and must work together to crusade. Therefore, King Wu followed the legacy of King Wen, led 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors and 45,000 armored soldiers, and went eastward to attack, and all the princes came to participate.

Battle of Makino. King Wu's army came to Konoha, a suburb of the Shang capital, where he vowed to prepare for war. Zhou Wang sent 700,000 troops to resist. King Wu's soldiers were brave, Zhou Wang's army rebelled, and King Wu's allies soon occupied the capital and sang songs. Zhou Wang set himself on fire, and da ji and two other concubines hanged themselves. King Wu cut off their bodies with arrows and swords, cut off their heads with cymbals and hung them on white flagpoles. People cheered.

Put the horse in Nanshan. After King Wu's successful attack, he established the capital, then released his horse to the south of Shan Zhi, China, and herded cattle in the wild of Taolin, reorganized the army and disarmed, showing the world that no more soldiers were used and the people also got a chance to rest. This is the earliest origin of Ma Nan Shan, which means that the world is at peace and there will be no more wars. Later, however, he described himself as paralyzed and not enterprising.

Duke of Zhou assisted the government. After the death of King Wu, he became king and ascended the throne. When the Duke of Zhou was young, he was afraid that the princes would rebel, so he was a regent and presided over the state affairs. (Duke Zhou is the younger brother of King Wu. Before King Wu died, he wanted to pass on the throne to the Duke of Zhou, but the Duke of Zhou refused. ) Guan Shu, Cai Shu and other brothers suspected the Duke of Zhou and colluded with Wu Geng for the crisis. Duke Zhou was ordered to be king, crusade against Wu Geng and Guan Shu, and exile Cai Shu. Duke Zhou was a regent for seven years. When the king grows up, he returns the political power to the king and surrenders to the king. (Yi Yin in Shang Dynasty, Huo Guang in Han Dynasty and Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms period are all similar to this. They all put the interests of the country and people first, and they are all good ministers. )

Prosperity. As a king, he built Luoyi and set Jiuding (representing Kyushu and symbolizing the authority of the son of heaven, and later Chu Zhuangwang and Qin Wuwang won this title); Smash Huaiyi and destroy the election; Rites and music were formulated, the people were peaceful, carols were everywhere, and the princes surrendered. After the death of King Cheng, with the help of Wang, Kang Wang ascended the throne and publicized Wen's achievements to the governors of the world for many times. Cheng Kang two generations, the world was at peace, and the punishment was abandoned for more than forty years.

Mu was fifty years old when he ascended the throne. He felt sorry for the defects of the civil and military way after Cheng Kang, and made Jin Bo his servant. He repeatedly warned him about state affairs and wrote "Life", and the world was peaceful again. He wanted to conquer the dog's army, so the minister had to give him advice. He thought it would be great if he used it for a thousand days, but blindly using force would make people careless and lose their prestige. King Mu refused to listen and sent troops to crusade. As a result, he only got back four white wolves and white deer. Since then, governors in remote areas have never appeared in court. In view of the dissension between the vassals, he formulated a penalty, which stipulated five words (judges should judge the authenticity of the parties' words from their expressions, expressions, breathing, auditory reactions and eyes), five punishments, five punishments and five violations, which was of great progressive significance in the legal history of China. King Mu reigned for fifty-five years. Then, according to this calculation, the age of Mu Wang's death should be around 105, which should be regarded as a very rare longevity emperor in the history of China.

China riots. Li ascended the throne for 30 years. He is greedy for money, employs treacherous officials, is overbearing, arrogant and extravagant. Therefore, people all over the world criticized Li Guowang. Li Wang sent people to guard the people, and whoever dared to criticize would be killed. Although the criticism has decreased since then, the princes no longer come to appear before the court, and the people dare not speak. They can only show their eyes when walking on the road. Zhao Gong exhorted, one of which is famous: "It is better to be waterproof than to prevent people's mouths." (Later, it evolved into: It is better to defend Sichuan than to defend the people's mouth. It means blocking people's mouths and preventing them from talking is more dangerous than blocking water. After three years, the people of Beijing rebelled together and attacked Li, who fled to Bi. The prince quietly hid in Zhao Gong's home, and people surrounded Zhao Gong's home. Zhao Gong replaced the Prince with his own son, and Prince Jing survived.

Zhao Zhou and * *. After the China Uprising, it was leaderless, and the Duke of Zhou and Zhao Gong were in power together, and the titles were "* * * and". * * * and fourteen years, Li Wang died here, Jing Wang acceded to the throne, that is, Wang Xuan, Duke of Zhou, Zhao Gong assisted, cultivated politics, followed the legacy of the former king, and the ministers got back together.

The prince plays a bonfire, just for the beauty to smile. Wang Xuan is followed by Wang You. Wang You dotes on this beautiful woman and has a son with her. Although the praise is beautiful, I don't like to laugh. Wang You tried every means to make her laugh, but it was useless. Once, Wang, you lit a lamp on the beacon tower. This bonfire is a signal of the contact between the Zhou Emperor and the princes, and it is a signal of life and death to urgently call the princes to rescue the car at the critical moment of the enemy attack. When the governors saw the flames of war everywhere, they all thought it was an invasion by the Japanese, and they all led troops to the capital to rescue them. But when they came, they didn't see any enemy soldiers, only to know that they had been teased and had to lead the troops back. Zance laughed at this time. Wang, it's been like this many times since you lit the bonfire. More times, the princes will not come. Wang You deposed the Prince Yijiu and the Queen (the daughter of Shen Hou), and made Cong You as the Queen and Bofu as the Prince. This angered Shen Hou, who joined forces with Gou Jian and the remnant Rong tribe to attack you Wang. Wang You lit a bonfire and called the vassal him urgently. The governors who were teased many times did not send troops. The capital was breached, the king was killed at the foot of Mount Li, the praise was taken away, and the property of the capital was robbed. This is what you get by playing with the trust and authority of the emperor and just smiling for the beauty.

Wang Ping moved its capital and Zhou Shi declined. After you Wang was killed, Quanrong and other tribes retreated, and the princes established the former Prince Ijiu as the throne, namely Wang Ping. In order to avoid the invasion of Rongkou, King Ping moved the capital to Luoyi. Starting from Wang Ping, the strong among the governors annexed the weak, and Qi, Chu, Qin and Jin became strong. Government decrees are often issued by powerful princes, and the Emperor of Zhou gradually failed to order the princes.

Zheng Ba, an arrow shot the son of heaven. After Wang Ping, his grandson Huan Wang ascended the throne. (The son of Prince Xie, the father of Prince Xie, died young, but the son of Xie's father. In the third year of Huan Wang's reign, Zheng Zhuanggong came to the court, but Huan Wang was not treated with courtesy. Zheng Zhuanggong was very dissatisfied with the Emperor, so he privately exchanged (the place where the Emperor of Zhou offered sacrifices to Mount Tai) with Lu. This matter is related to the sacrifice of the Emperor of Zhou, and should have been allowed by the Emperor of Zhou. It can be seen that the Emperor Zhou has been ignored for thirteen years. Because he didn't come to appear before the court, the King Huan joined the ranks of the princes to crusade against Zheng. I didn't expect Zheng Zhuanggong to bow and arrow and hurt King Huan. As a result, Huan Wang was defeated and the emperor was humiliated.

Feudal hegemony, royal civil strife. In the third year of Wang Li's reign, Qi Huangong reigned supreme. Hui Wang Qiang occupied the Minister's Garden as a hunting ground, and Bian Bo and other five people made an insurrection. They planned to recruit Yan Wei troops to crusade against Hui Wang, and Hui Wang fled. The rebels made King Hui's younger brother king. The princes of Zheng and Guo were dissatisfied, so they led the troops to crusade, killed the king, and welcomed King Hui back. In the third year of Wang Xiang, Xiaomi rebelled and wanted to kill him, and he fled to Qi. Qi sent Guan Zhong and other ministers to mediate, and his uncle took him back to Zhou. In the thirteenth year of Xiang Wang, Zheng crusaded against the slippery country, and Xiang Wang sent an envoy to plead for the slippery country. Zheng imprisoned the emperor's envoy. In fifteen years, Wang Xiang was furious and sent Zhai Guojun to crusade against Zheng Guo. To show gratitude, Wang Xiang made Zhai's woman the queen. In 16 years, Wang Xiang abolished the title of "Woman Queen of Zhai Guo", and Zhai Guo sent troops to attack Wang Xiang and killed Tan Bo. Xiang Wang fled to Zheng, and Zi Dai became king. In seventeen years, Wang Xiang turned to Jin Wengong for help. Jin Wengong sent Wang Xiang back to China to continue to be king and killed the Shu Dynasty. King Xiang rewarded Jin Wengong. In twenty years, Jin Wengong called Wang Xiang to meet him in Heyang and build soil, and all the governors came to appear before him. The essence of this meeting is that the state of Jin dominates, and the son of heaven has no dominance, but submits to the state of Jin. Explain the hegemonic position of Jin State. )

The king of Chu won the championship and coveted the Central Plains. In the first year of King Ding, he crusaded against Luhun (place name, in the northeast of Song County, Henan Province) and stationed troops in Luo (near the capital of Zhou royal family, with the intention of demonstrating), so he sent people to Zhou royal family to ask about Jiuding's weight and wanted to move Jiuding to Chu. Sent to answer the king ("in Germany, not in Ding. ..... Although Zhou De has declined, his destiny has not changed, and the weight of the tripod cannot be asked. " Namely: rule the world, in virtue is not in the tripod; Although the Zhou Dynasty declined, it still belonged to destiny, so the size of Jiuding is not what you can ask), and the king of Chu abdicated (Wang's words let him know that although he has strength, his virtue is not enough). Ten years later, the army surrounded Zheng's capital, Zheng Bo surrendered, and soon Zheng was restored.

Power struggle. In the eighteenth year of King Jing, the Saint Prince died young. In twenty years, King Jing loved Zichao and wanted to make him a prince, but soon King Jing died. Zi Gai and a group of people competed with Zi Chao for the throne, and the princes made the eldest son king, that is, they lost the king. Zi Chao attacked and killed Meng. Jin attacked Zi Chao and made beggars king, that is, to respect the king. In the first year of Jing Wang, Jin people sent Jing Wang back to China, and Zi Chao competed for a position. King Jing can't go back to China and lives in Ze (place name). In four years, the state of Jin led the vassals to escort King Jing back to the capital of Zhou Dynasty, and Zichao became a vassal, and the vassals helped to build the capital wall (the capital wall had to be built by the vassals themselves, but the emperor could not, so the emperor had no army). In sixteen years, Zichao and others made another insurrection, and King Jing fled to the State of Jin. In seventeen years, the State of Jin escorted King Jing back to the DPRK.

The three families are divided into Jin. Jin Wengong was divided into six Qing Dynasties in the armed forces, and the six Qing Dynasties always held the military and political power. When I first arrived, there was a conflict between Han, Zhao, Wei, Zhi, Fan and the Bank of China. Later, Zhao destroyed Fan and BOC. In the sixteenth year of the reign of King Ding, Zhao, Wei and Han joined forces to destroy the branch and carve up his land. The State of Jin has existed in name only, and was divided up by Zhao, Wei and Han.

The rise of Qin. In the fifth year of his reign, the Emperor of Zhou congratulated Qin Xiangong and made him a national title. In nine years, he gave Qin Xiaogong two kings meat. In twenty-five years, Qin held a governors' meeting in the capital of Zhou Dynasty. Twenty-six years, give Qin Xiaogong for ". Thirty-three years, congratulations to Qin Huiwang. In thirty-five years, he offered the meat sacrificed to the two kings of Wu Wen to King Hui of Qin. In forty-four years, King Hui of Qin was king, and since then all the princes have been kings.

The Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty split. During the Yunwang period, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty split and went their separate ways. King Kun moved his capital to the Western Zhou Dynasty. In eight years, the State of Qin attacked Yiyang and the State of Chu rescued it. Qin took the road between the East and the West and prepared to attack South Korea. Zhou was in a dilemma for being afraid of offending South Korea and not offending Qin. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty fought with the Western Zhou Dynasty, and South Korea saved the Western Zhou Dynasty. In forty-two years, Qin Jun breached Huayang fortress. Ma, the minister of Zhou Dynasty, ran between Qin and Wei, lobbying Wang Wei to send troops to help the Zhou Dynasty build its capital. In 58, Sanjin fought against Qin. Qin trusted Zhou's envoys to lobby and sent troops to attack Sanjin. In 59, the State of Qin seized Yangcheng and Shu Min in South Korea. The Western Zhou Dynasty was afraid, betrayed the State of Qin, formed an alliance with the vassals, and led the world's elite soldiers out of Yishan to attack Qin, making it impossible to reach Yangcheng. Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, was furious and sent generals to attack the Western Zhou Dynasty. The monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty fled to the State of Qin, bowed down and confessed, and presented thirty-six cities with a population of thirty thousand. Qin accepted his proposal and released the king of the Western Zhou Dynasty to return to Zhou.

Qin was destroyed for two weeks. When Zhou Jun and Zhou Wang died, Zhou people fled to the East. Qin bought Jiuding and other precious things, and moved to the west Zhou Wang to fear foxes. Seven years later, Qin Zhuang and Wang Xiang destroyed the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and both the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty were incorporated into the Qin Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty perished.

The Zhou Dynasty is the longest dynasty in the history of China, the so-called 800 years. Of course, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Emperor of Zhou gradually lost his authority and could not order the princes. The culture of the Zhou Dynasty is very rich, such as Zhou Li, which is a typical symbol and symbol of the Zhou Dynasty. Confucius admired Zhou Li very much, and even wanted to spend his whole life restoring it. Ritual system is a kind of order. The Zhou Dynasty happened to experience a process in which rites and music changed from good to bad. Think at the beginning, featuring the rate of eight hundred governors against Zhou Wang, how down a peg or two! Duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart; Reach for prosperity, and the people are safe; When the princes joined, they were guests all over the world. Later, the princes dominated, and the son of heaven was humiliated and helpless!

Since ancient times, ups and downs have their own laws, which cannot be forced by ordinary manpower. For example, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, who was the most industrious emperor in history, devoted himself to saving Daming, but by the time he ascended the throne of the Ming Dynasty, he was decadent and irretrievable. In addition, he was very suspicious, killed the generals unjustly, and finally he could only go to extinction. Back in the Zhou Dynasty, from the unification of the world, to the separation of princes, and then to the destruction of the six countries by Qin, it experienced a process from unification to division and then to reunification. It is in line with the famous saying at the beginning of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: the general trend of the world will be combined for a long time, and it will be combined for a long time. The Zhou Dynasty is gone forever, but it still left us many beautiful memories and valuable and painful lessons: the profound Zhouyi, the selfless Duke of Zhou, the reputation of the son of heaven can not be lost, can not be taken for granted, the man who won the hearts of the people won the world, the coveted Duke of Zhou, and the first "* * *" and "The son of heaven has no power and authority, and his ministers can not give orders. ...

reference data

Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty: Historical Records of Zhou Benji