Russian folk culture

Address: Russian names include three parts, namely, first name, father name and surname. Women generally take their husbands' surnames after marriage, and some keep their original surnames. Among Russians, different objects have different names on different occasions. The full name should be written in official documents, and the total name and father name should be abbreviated in informal documents. When expressing politeness and closeness, use the first name and the father name. Usually elders only call their younger generation or peers by their first names. Use your name on important occasions or serious conversations. Nicknames are usually used. Use nicknames when expressing closeness. Married women must give their first and last names as a sign of respect. In working relations, you can address your surname and position, plus the word "comrade".

Custom: Russians usually use "you" in three situations: 1 for children under 16; 2. Between close relatives and colleagues (between young people); 3. Young people to young people. For old people, strangers (except children) and leaders, it is called "you". Children can be called by their first names, and old people, strangers and leaders should be called by their first names plus their father's names. At present, there are three appellations in Russia: "Mr", "Comrade" and "citizen". People are used to addressing each other as "Mr" in commercial organizations, news media and official organizations. Comrade, which was widely used in the Soviet era, is still used by state-owned enterprises, the army and the public security departments. "citizens" is usually used in public places, such as railway stations and shops. When giving a speech in public, you usually add "Mr", "Comrade" or their corresponding titles such as "Professor" and "Engineer" after the speaker's last name, such as "Now invite Professor Saro to give a speech". When writing an official letter, usually write the name of the recipient and the name of the father; In a very formal letter, the recipient's surname should be preceded by "Mr" or its corresponding title. Most Russians eat at home and only go to restaurants during their lunch break at work. In case of celebrations or weddings, Russian residents usually hold them in restaurants, and the inviter pays for them. Friends get together in a family environment. Guests usually bring small gifts (cakes, wine) and flowers to their hosts.

Bread and salt: On the tray covered with embroidered white towels, put a big bun and a small piece of paper wrapped in salt. Holding "bread and salt" to greet the guests is a tribute to the guests and the warmest welcome.

Kissing: On more solemn occasions, men bend over and kiss the back of a woman's left hand to show respect. The elder kissed the younger generation on the cheek three times, usually from left to right and then to left, to show his love. When the younger generation shows respect to their elders, they usually kiss twice. Women hug and kiss when friends meet, while men only hug each other. Brothers and sisters will hug and kiss when they meet or part after a long separation. After drinking a glass of wine at the party, a man must kiss a woman on the mouth.

Taboo: Russia is particularly taboo about the number "13", which is considered as a symbol of disaster and death. On the contrary, 7 means happiness and success. Russians don't like black cats, because they don't bring good luck. Russians believe that mirrors are sacred, and breaking them means the destruction of the soul. But if you break cups, saucers and plates, it means wealth and happiness, so in grand occasions such as wedding banquets and birthday banquets, they will also deliberately break some saucers to celebrate. Russians usually think that horses can exorcise evil spirits and bring good luck to people. In particular, they believe that the horseshoe is an auspicious object, and the horseshoe represents strength and has the magic power to subdue evil spirits. When you meet an acquaintance, you can't extend your left hand to shake hands. Students should not draw test papers with their left hands in the examination room and so on.

Baptism Festival: Russian Orthodox Festival, which coincides with Gregorian calendar 65438+ 10/0/9. This day is often a Christian initiation ceremony, and newborns are baptized on the naming day. On the day of baptism, people go to church to pray, and also go to the river to break the ice and get "holy water". The night of 65438+1October 18 is a divination day, especially for girls, who have to divine life events on this night.

Meat Festival: Also known as "Carnival", it is one of the most lively festivals in a year. The time is in the eighth week of Easter. After seven days, every day has a different name. 1 this day is to welcome the festival, the second day is to celebrate, the third day is to have a big feast, the fourth day is to fight, the fifth day is the mother-in-law's party, the sixth day is the aunt's party, and the seventh day is the farewell day. The seventh week after the festival is Lent. No killing or eating meat is allowed. During the festival, people hold various banquets and entertainment activities, dance with masks and play big games.

Russian festivals:

Winter festivals (also known as meat festivals) last for seven days. During the festival, clothing shows, games and folk song and dance performances are held all over Russia to bid farewell to winter. )

Defender of the Motherland Day: February 23rd (19 18, originally Soviet Army Day, 1992 changed to Defender of the Motherland Day. )

"Space Festival": 12 April (1962 Soviet Union decided to commemorate Gagarin's first space flight). "Spring Labor Day": May 1-2 (from 1992, the annual International Labor Day is changed to Spring Labor Day).

Anti-Fascist Victory Day (also known as Victory Day of the Great Patriotic War): May 9 (1945).

Russian sovereignty declaration day: June 12 (1990).

Flag Day: August 22nd.

Harmony and Reconciliation Day:165438+1October 7 (1996165438+1October 7) Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed the order of Harmony and Reconciliation Day, which changed the original "Great October Socialist Revolution Remembrance Day".

Constitution Day: 12