From what aspects can Chinese calligraphy culture papers be written?

China's calligraphy is an art that uses specific tool materials-brush, ink and rice paper to express the author's abstract aesthetic interest through creative writing of Chinese characters. In this art form, the stippling and structure of Chinese characters are the main objects of expression. Therefore, to learn the art of calligraphy, we must first understand the origin, evolution and characteristics of Chinese characters.

First, the origin of Chinese characters and the emergence of calligraphy

The origin of Chinese characters can be traced back to six thousand years ago. Archaeological results show that the Neolithic pottery symbols from 5000 to 6000 years ago should be the original form of Chinese characters today. Later, the development of Chinese character form is a process of continuous enrichment and improvement on this basis. Most of these symbols are engraved on pottery, and some of them are painted on pottery with brush and other tools, the most representative of which is the pottery symbol of Yangshao culture era.

By the Shang Dynasty, Chinese characters had developed quite maturely. At that time, divination and sacrificial activities played an important role in social life. People record the contents of divination and sacrifice, then write them down and carve them on tortoise shells or animal bones to save them. This kind of writing engraved on tortoise shell is called Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Compared with the Neolithic pottery symbols, Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest known mature Chinese character system, with a large number of glyphs and stable structural rules.

The Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were the prosperous stages of bronze casting. The royal family of the Zhou Dynasty cast countless bronzes, and at the same time recorded the important events such as wars, sacrifices, rewards, and enfeoffment in words and carved them on bronzes. These words preserved on bronzes are collectively referred to as inscriptions on bronze or Zhong Dingwen by later generations. In addition to the inscriptions on bronzes, many handwriting written on bamboo slips, silk books or stones were preserved during this period. Different means, such as writing and engraving, formed different artistic effects, and also reflected the diversity of calligraphy art at that time.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the vassal states fought for hegemony, each acting in its own way and using different words. In 22 1 year BC, the state of Qin destroyed six countries and established the Qin dynasty. Qin Shihuang carried out a series of unified measures, the most important of which was to abolish the previous fonts of various countries, standardize the fonts of Qin State, and promote them as new standard fonts throughout the country. Since then, Chinese characters have entered the stage of unified and standardized development. The standard font promulgated after the unification of Qin Dynasty is called Xiao Zhuan or Qin Zhuan, and the font of Qin State before the unification is called Da Zhuan. Later generations will collectively refer to all kinds of fonts that appeared in the development process from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to Xiao Zhuan as seal script.

Since the late Warring States period, people have simplified and reformed the structure and writing method of seal script, forming a new calligraphy style-official script, from which three calligraphy styles have evolved: cursive script, regular script and running script. At this point, the structural characteristics of Chinese characters are basically fixed, and there has been no major change. The development of calligraphy has also shifted from the evolution of fonts to the exploration of writing techniques and artistic styles.

Second, the practical value and artistic characteristics of calligraphy

Calligraphy is an art form produced from practical writing activities, and its manifestation is creative writing of Chinese characters by using specific tools and techniques. Therefore, in the long-term development process, the art of calligraphy has always been closely combined with the practical value of words.

First of all, the rulers of past dynasties hoped that their actions and "achievements" would be passed down to future generations and be immortal, so they preserved the written contents of events, praises or religious sacrifices through Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronzes and stone tablets. Secondly, before printing appeared, the spread of language and characters was mainly borne by copying, so the ancient ink preserved on bamboo slips, silk books and paper were basically books, official documents, Buddhist scriptures, private letters, manuscripts, etc. In addition, although there have been a large number of calligraphy works devoted to appreciation and collection since the Tang Dynasty, the readability of written content is still the primary principle of calligraphy art. It can be said that practical value has always been an important reason why calligraphy can last for thousands of years and continue to prosper and improve.

In the long-term writing practice, people not only found the aesthetic value of Chinese character structure, but also summarized the technical principles that need to be mastered when writing. Calligraphy techniques mainly include brushwork, word formation and composition. The brushwork, also known as using a pen, refers to the skill of controlling and using a brush when writing; Knot, also known as structure, refers to the arrangement, composition, also known as layout of stippling position and font structure when writing, and refers to the arrangement law and mutual connection of words and lines in the whole work. No matter what kind of writing, the technique of the work is composed of three parts: brushwork, word formation and composition. In different calligraphy styles, there are different requirements for brushwork, word formation and composition, which is the technical principle of calligraphy. The main artistic feature of calligraphy is the integration and unification of technique principle and the author's aesthetic taste.

Third, the position of calligraphy in traditional culture.

In the traditional culture of China, the art of calligraphy occupies a very important position. Calligraphy is different from literature, painting, drama and music, and it is a unique phenomenon in China culture. Although all ethnic groups in the world have their own characters, only China's Chinese characters can develop an independent art form from the applied texts. On the one hand, it shows that Chinese characters are not only language symbols, but also have aesthetic value of modeling; On the other hand, it also reflects the intelligence and aesthetic habits of the Chinese nation.

Calligraphy art has obvious abstract characteristics, but it creates vivid and changeable artistic effects by using simple tools and operating methods. This harmonious unity of simplicity and complexity, the expression of abstract form and emotional interest are the pursuit of various traditional arts in China, which is the most typical and pure in calligraphy. In this sense, calligraphy art represents the core essence of China's national artistic characteristics.

Historically, with the radiation of China culture, the art of calligraphy has been widely recognized and spread in neighboring countries with Chinese characters, especially in Japan and North Korea. On the basis of accepting and studying China's calligraphy, they further used their own national characters, enriching the types of calligraphy art and expanding the influence of China's calligraphy.

Nowadays, calligraphy has become an important part of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Where there are China people in the world, there must be China calligraphy, and in East Asian countries, calligraphy is becoming more and more popular and prosperous. The ancient and vigorous art of calligraphy has not only become a hot spot for the world to understand China culture, but also added gorgeous brilliance to the world art.