Why is Simu Wuding famous in the world?

Simu Wuding is a bronze Fang Ding used for royal sacrifice in the late Shang Dynasty (about16th century BC to1th century BC). It was unearthed in an agricultural land in Anyang City, Henan Province on March 1939. Named after the word "Simuwu" cast in its tripod, it is a fine bronze ware of Shang Dynasty. Simu Wuding is tall and heavy, magnificent in shape, magnificent in momentum, ornate in decoration and superb in craftsmanship. Also known as Simuwu Dafang Ding, it is 133 cm high, 1 10 cm long, 78 cm wide and weighs about 832 kg. It has a rectangular belly and two straight ears (only one ear was found when it was found, and then the other ear was found). This tripod was cast by the son of Shang King Wu Ding as a sacrifice to his mother. [Edit this paragraph] The Ding Culture Ding in China is an ancient cooker in China. The origin of China Ding culture can be traced back to the Neolithic Age of primitive society, and ceramic Ding appeared as early as 7,000 years ago. The real peak of its development appeared in the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, especially in the Shang Dynasty, where the ritual vessels represented by Ding prevailed until the Han Dynasty. In the heyday of slavery, it was used as "equal, noble and cheap" and was an important ritual instrument to express the status level. Literature records: "Emperor Jiuding, seven princes, five doctors, and three scholars", "Casting Jiuding, like Kyushu". There are also idioms, such as "one word and nine sentences, winning the Central Plains" and "three pillars". The bronze tripod, originally a pottery tripod in primitive society, was originally a daily food container, and later developed into an "artifact" for offering sacrifices to the heavenly emperor and ancestors, and was shrouded in a mysterious and majestic color. In ancient times, Ding was the representative of aristocratic status. The ancient records contain the system of useful ding, that is, the emperor Jiuding, the vassal seven ding, the doctor five ding, the yuan scholar three ding or one ding. In addition, Ding is also a symbol of state power. "Zuo Zhuan" contains: "Jie lost his virtue and Ding moved to business; The Shang and Zhou dynasties were tyrannical, and Ding moved to Zhou. " Dings are mostly three-legged circles, but there are also four-legged Fang Ding. (Simu tripod is the most famous four-legged tripod)

Brief introduction of Simu Wuding

Simu Wuding was cast in the late Shang Dynasty (about14th century BC to1/century BC). The original vessel 1939 was unearthed in Wuguan Village, Houjiazhuang, Anyang, Henan Province. This tripod is magnificent in shape, weighing 875kg, with a height of133cm, a mouth length of110cm and a mouth width of 79cm. This is the largest and heaviest bronze unearthed so far. Simu Wuding was first dug by villagers privately. Because it was too big and heavy to move, the private digger reburied it. Simu Wuding was rediscovered in June 1946. After the founding of New China, he entered the Tibetan Museum of Chinese History on 1959.

The tripod has a rectangular body, a thick mouth edge and a straight outline, showing an unshakable momentum. Simuwu has ears, a square stomach and empty legs. Except that the center of the tripod body is a rectangular plain surface without ornamentation, there are ornamentation in other places. On the exquisite Yun Leiwen, the main decorative patterns of each part have their own forms. The tripod body is mainly decorated with gluttony around the square surface, and the four sides are decorated by the door, with the bull's head on the side and gluttony on the bottom. There are two tigers on the outside of the tripod ear, mouth to mouth and head inside. The ears are decorated with fish lines. The decorative patterns of the four tripod feet are also unique, with an animal face on each of the three strings. According to textual research, Simu Wuding should be a heavy weapon of Shang royal family, and its shape, decoration and technology have reached a fairly high level. It is the representative work of bronze culture in the heyday of Shang Dynasty.

The handle of Simu Wuding is also beautifully decorated. The two dragons and tigers opened their huge mouths and contained a head, which later evolved into an auspicious pattern of "playing with pearls in a dragon". It is generally believed that this kind of art shows the deterrent power of nature and God. Now some people speculate that the man is a virgin who presides over divination. He put his head into the dragon's mouth on his own initiative in order to show off his courage and magic and make people submit to his orders. It is entirely possible that the Virgin appeared with two beasts, and such patterns can often be seen in bronzes and Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

This tripod is huge and magnificent, with the words "Simuwu" cast on its abdomen. Some people interpret it as "stepmother". It was cast by Zu Geng or Zujia of Shang Dynasty as a sacrifice to her mother. The tripod body and tripod feet of Simu tripod are integrally cast, and the tripod ears are cast after the tripod body is cast. To cast such a tall bronze ware, the required metal material should be above 1000 kg, and there should be a larger melting furnace. According to the determination, the content of Smectane is copper 84.77%, tin 1 1.64%, lead 2.79% and other 0.8%. The ratio of copper to tin recorded in ancient documents is basically the same. Simu Wuding fully demonstrated the production scale and technical level of bronze casting industry in Shang Dynasty.