1949 during the liberation of Shanghai, a ship was hit by gunfire and sank, causing heavy casualties. I want to know more details.

From June 65438 to February 1948, the Shiliupu Wharf in Shanghai was extremely chaotic and noisy, and the passengers coming and going were crowded like a shuttle.

Hundreds of kilometers away, the three battlefields of Liaoning, Shenyang, Huaihai and Ping Jin, and the rumble of the people's liberation war, have brought the dawn of hope to this metropolis known as "Paris of the East". But at the same time, rumors spread like locusts. People on the beach are worried. Some Ningbo-born rich people couldn't sit still and flocked to the Shiliupu Pier on the Shanghai-Nanjing line. In the crowd, there are still a lot of little people who are arrogant because they don't know the truth, or who want to go back to their hometown for routine sacrifices before the winter solstice. ...

At 4: 00 pm on February 3, 65438, the passenger ship Jiangya, which was responsible for the navigation of Shanghai-Nanjing Line, sailed from Pier 3 of Shiliupu to Ningbo.

The water in Huangpu River is as elegant and docile as ever. For many passengers on Jiangya, the calm before death is precious.

Jiang Yalun is one of the six new passenger ships of China Merchants Shanghai Company, and it is a sister ship with Jiang Jing. During the Anti-Japanese War, it belonged to Japanese businessman East Asia Shipping Co., Ltd., formerly known as "Xingya Pill". The ship is less than ten years old, with a gross tonnage of 3,365 tons, a horsepower of 2,500 horses and a speed of 12 miles per hour. After the Anti-Japanese War, it was accepted by China Merchants and renovated. There is a special restaurant and lounge on board. No matter the appearance or equipment, it was excellent at that time.

According to the regulations of the Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Communications of the Kuomintang, the rated maximum passenger capacity of the Jiang Yalun is 2,250. On that day, according to the export report, there were 2607 passengers on board, captain Shen Dacai's crew was 179, and the cargo was 175 tons. These recorded data alone have greatly exceeded the rated maximum carrying capacity. Afterwards, according to the investigation and statistics of Shanghai Ningbo People's Association Jiangya Round Tragedy Committee, there were many passengers and children without tickets on board, and the actual number of passengers reached more than 4,000. Most of them are borrowed forever, accounting for ten * * *.

Wusongkouwai

Many years ago, I still remember the coordinates between the sea and the sky: east longitude 3 1. 15, north latitude 12 1.47.

The survivors of Jiangya ship and their relatives and friends will always remember this moment: 6: 45 pm on February 3 1948 65438+6: 45 pm.

Jiang Yalun was peaceful a few minutes ago. Although the passenger ship shook obviously after leaving Wusongkou, in the foggy twilight, you can feel the waves getting rougher and rougher and the north wind getting colder and colder. However, this is only the difference between the distant sea and Neijiang. Except for some passengers who feel uncomfortable because of seasickness, most people still take it in stride. After the dinner bell rang that night, the sound of chewing was everywhere in the cabin.

A veritable "Last Supper".

In the front cabin, a young woman named Qiu Lehua was breastfeeding. She lifted her skirt and held the baby in her arms tightly. Gu Sou Zhang Haifeng, a well-known soothsayer on Xinzha Road in Shanghai, was impatient and had to burn incense to start a class a few days ago. He had to leave Shanghai urgently and set foot on the deck of Jiangya Wheel. At first, he felt a little safe, so he made a pie to satisfy his hunger. Yao, a fourth-class waiter, is over 50 years old and still eager to win. He and a Kuomintang soldier without a ticket failed in theory, forcibly expelled him from the cabin, returned to the dining table at a loss and picked up the lunch box. ...

No one expected that a catastrophe was approaching this drifting land.

At 6: 45, the sea channel of Bailonggang, southwest of Hengsha, outside Wusongkou. Behind the starboard side of Jiangya, there was a thunderous noise, the hull shook violently and all the lights went out. The telegraph room next to the explosion collapsed instantly, the operator was blown to pieces, the transceiver was damaged, and communication with the outside world was interrupted. In the cockpit at the bow, the whistle for help only sounded symbolically and could not be heard any more. The chief officer on duty left his relatives, a mother, a son and a daughter. They have settled down in the "chief officer's room" and then fled for their lives. Another sailor jumped out of the barn and tried to jump into the water. Suddenly, his brother-in-law who can't swim hugged him from behind and shouted for help. The sailor took out a knife, stabbed his brother-in-law's finger and ran away. ...

The cabin was as dark as ink, but the cold water rushed in. Men and women, old and young, were frightened. In panic, this group of people pushed each other and fled for their lives on the top deck of the ship. "Terrible cry, cry out, such as going to a slaughterhouse, such as near the end. The old, the weak, women and children were trampled and many people died. This is a tragic scene and it is difficult to run out of ink. "

Terrible secondary disasters

Because the explosion occurred at the back of the hull, the stern sank rapidly, and the passengers in the third and fourth cabins were destroyed first. Ten minutes later, the rough sea has flooded the deck. The speed of sinking shows the severity of hull damage. Because the crash site is only a shoal, chimneys, masts and suspended lifeboats are still on the water. However, in the panic and darkness, no one went to untie the lifeboat.

At the time of the explosion, many ships passed by in the waters near Bailong Port, among which there were many courageous and generous helpers, such as China Merchants Mauri and China Fishery Company Taifu 12. According to records, under the command of its owner, Mr. Zhang Hanting, the motorized sailboat "Li Jinyuan" passed through the waters here at that time, regardless of its own safety, resolutely risked its life to save people and regained 453 lives from the hands of death. However, some ships either stood by or were robbed by fire. The world is declining, and people's hearts are not ancient. As for extremes.

The Life and Death of Disaster in Haiti

Huangpu River has lost its graceful smiling face.

It was haunted by the ghosts of more than 3,000 victims, and it was drowned by the tears of more than 3,000 victims' families.

Since most of the victims were from Ningbo, the Ningbo People's Association of Shanghai established the "Jiangya Round Tragedy Handling Committee" on February 6, 65438. According to the statistics of the Goodwill Committee, only 900 people survived after the crash, and it is estimated that there were more than 3,000 victims, and the death toll far exceeded the sinking of the Titanic.

After the crash, China Merchants sent more than 90 divers and more than a dozen ships to the crash site to salvage the remains, most of which have disappeared. Only 65,438+0,336 bodies were recovered, including 34 children aged 65,438+0, 465,438+0, 65,438+08 children aged 3 and 38 children aged 4. ...

Hungry waves, so hard, so cold, so greedy ... Throughout the ages, countless creatures have been swallowed up ... they will never spit it out again. ...

Children, in particular, are weaker than adults in their ability to compete with nature in the face of irresistible disasters, and their fate is even more tragic.

A girl about 10 years old was salvaged from the escalator of Jiangya Wheel Bridge. In her left hand and right hand, she held a girl of five or six years old, obviously three sisters. Little sister held her sister tightly in her hands until she died. ...

A 6-year-old boy was salvaged from a warehouse, with a rice bowl in his left hand and a water chestnut in his right. The hilarious scene before drowning is vivid. ...

A child named Zhu jumped into the sea from the anchor hole in the bow and climbed a bundle of floating bedding. Unexpectedly, an adult man swam over and grabbed it. It was dark and the waves were urgent, and the frightened child refused to let go. The man kicked him and threw him into the sea. Fortunately, the rescue boat arrived and he was saved. ...

Extreme selfishness degenerates people into accomplices in shipwrecks.

At the Taoyuan Road morgue, more than a thousand bodies arrived one after another, and family members outside the gathering place burned incense and evoked souls, crying loudly.

Most of the bodies that have just come out of the water look normal and seem to be asleep. Some female corpses are like chloden, just like before they were born. But after coming out of the water, he came into contact with the air and his face suddenly changed. In the body, there are also crushed heads, broken leg bones, detached eyeballs, and half of the body that was blown up. ...

Unimaginable pain.

The ancients said: A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise. When Jiang Yalun was killed, there was also a glimmer of hope behind the dark clouds.

The famous movie star Zhang Yi was originally from Ningbo. On February 3, 65438, the trustee Zhang bought a second-class ticket for Zhangjiangya and sent his wife back to her hometown to visit relatives. But when Zhang Yi and his wife arrived at the dock panting, the ship had left the shore. The couple went home depressed and complained about each other's delay on the road. The next day, the bad news came, and they gasped and were deeply grateful.

An old lady surnamed Zhang originally bought a ticket for the Zhangjiangya boat to Ningbo, but she made a mistake in her busy schedule and got on the Mauri boat moored next to the Jiangya boat by mistake. When I got off the bus, I realized that it was bound for Haimen, East Zhejiang, and the old lady was very upset. Because Maury sailed a little later than Jiang Yalun, Jiang Yalun had exploded and sunk when passing through the sea of Bailong Port. The old lady witnessed the crash with her own eyes. She was frightened and sneaked out.

Mystery of plane crash

The cause of Jiang Yalun's accident varies from person to person, and there is no conclusion yet. According to the report, there are only six possibilities:

1. Boiler explosion; 2. hit the rocks; 3. Time bomb; 4. Transportation of explosives; 5. Torpedo attack; 6. Mistouching a mine.

1948 65438+On February 7th, China Merchants invited Gu Jiukuan, deputy manager of China Fishery Department, Zhu, chief engineer, Lu, deputy manager of Shanghai Ferry Company, chairman of General Association of Marine Engineers, chairman of China Shipbuilding Engineering Society, manager of China Shipyard, Ye Zaifu, director of shipbuilding department of Jiaotong University, chief engineer of Minsheng Company, Chai Zhiming, professor of mechanical department of Jiaotong University, and American experts. Later, representatives from the First Army Command of the Navy, the Water Diversion Association, the Ship Collision Committee and other departments were invited to hold several investigation and approval meetings. Experts believe that the ship's route is correct and it is impossible to hit the rocks. The explosion site is 60 feet away from the boiler room, and it was not caused by the boiler explosion.

On the morning of February 14, the Procuratorate of Shanghai District Court sent prosecutors Cao Hong and Yu Bingquan to participate in the reconnaissance, accompanied by four lawyers, including Xia.

Jiang Yalun's cracked mouth is about 30 feet long. The upper part of the steel plate at the crack is turned out outward, but the lower end is depressed inward. Strange shape, unknown reason. Jiang Yalun, the surviving tallyman, was summoned to find out that the goods in the warehouse were not entrained with explosives, and it was impossible for a small time bomb to have such a large explosive equivalent.

After many investigations, most of the final opinions tend to be torpedo attack or accidental contact with mines. The navy believes that the route near Bailong Port is the throat connecting the port with the open sea. Hundreds of ships pass in and out every day, so it is impossible to touch and locate mines. But I didn't know that drifting thunder moved with the tide and hit the ship and exploded. As for the torpedo, is it from an airplane or a warship? Speculation is naive, and so on. Gu Jiukuan, deputy manager of China Fishery Department, told the reporter: "The canal thought it might be a mine left over from the war, because it was stirred by the waves for too long, and it became a' drifting mine'. A few months ago, a similar shipwreck happened in the Atlantic Ocean ... "

The aftermath of the storm

The aftermath of the Jiangya massacre is a headache for the Kuomintang authorities. For the families and relatives of more than 3,000 victims, it is not important whether the mystery of the crash can be solved. The important thing is to get justice for the dead relatives. Apart from anything else, the fact that Japanese passenger ships are seriously overloaded is enough to investigate the dereliction of duty of the relevant responsible persons of China Merchants, and it is also the unshirkable responsibility of the municipal authorities.

However, the reasonable request put forward by the Jiangya Round Tragedy Rehabilitation Committee was delayed indefinitely by the authorities on the pretext that "the cause of the accident has not been ascertained". This delay will undoubtedly add fuel to the fire.

1949 February 8th, it's been more than two months since the tragedy happened, but the official still refuses to say that the families of more than 500 victims who gathered on the road of * * in Ningbo City went to Shanghai Tourism Association finally couldn't help it. At about five o'clock in the afternoon, under the unified organization of Wang, the head and deputy head of the liaison group of the Good People Committee, he took a truck to China Merchants Group at No.20 Guangdong Road to petition. When China merchants heard the news, they hurriedly stopped work and pulled up the iron gate. The families of the victims are not allowed to enter, and they can only go to the homes of Liu Hongsheng, chairman of China Merchants Group, and Xu, general manager. The two took refuge first, and all the family members had nowhere to find, so they had to go home temporarily.

Early the next morning, the families of the victims increased to more than 600 people, with 20 people as a group, carrying dry food and reappearing at the gate of China Merchants Headquarters. Ask each family member to pay 125 a family allowance, or the office will be occupied completely, and I will not stop until I reach my goal.

The door of China Merchants Bureau was closed, and the bureaucrats in the bureau looked at each other and were speechless. General manager Xu sent a message: "At this time, the situation is tense. According to martial law, it is not allowed to gather all kinds of people. In addition, the responsibility for the Jiangya ship accident is being investigated by the government. Before determining the responsibility, this association can't talk about compensation legally, but in order to take care of the livelihood of family members, it has sent telegrams to the Ministry of Communications many times and transferred them to the Executive Yuan for relief, and has not yet replied.

When all the family members heard the news, it caused an uproar. On the road in Guangdong, there were cries and curses one after another. Helpless, the door of China Merchants was closed, so some family members moved to complain about the nearby Sichuan Road ticket office of China Merchants, blocking traffic and forcing the ticket sales business to stop.

At two o'clock in the afternoon, Wang Zhenlin and Wang Lengbei pushed again, loaded ten empty coffins with trucks, stuck them at the three gates of China Merchants, and then burned incense to worship. Brake time, old and young women and children, crying. Passers-by all expressed sympathy in tears, and even some constitutional policemen present were saddened and moved by it, and could not bear to be forcibly driven away.

At 6 o'clock in the evening, at Xu's urging, the public security bureau chief Yu Shuping sent more police squadrons and flying fortresses to the rescue. At the gate of China Merchants, police cars roared and sticks flew. All the families of the victims were forcibly separated first and then driven away. An hour later, all the families were loaded on trucks and sent back, and a storm subsided.

Later, with the support of Mayor Wu Guozhen and Commander Chen Daqing, China Merchants adopted a tougher attitude. It is claimed that the pension will never be compensated before the responsibility is unclear, and even if the responsibility is determined, it is impossible to accept the compensation amount. At the same time, it also requires full responsibility for obstructing official duties and destroying shipping. The legitimate rights and interests of the victims' families are not only not guaranteed, but also investigated and persecuted by the constitutional police authorities.

insider

After the Jiangya round tragedy, most people, including experts and witnesses, tend to say that they touched the mine, but they are all reasoning and judging, and no one can provide exact evidence. It is never clear who should be responsible for the accident. A tragedy that shocked the world, unsolved for a long time, finally disappeared.

Until liberation, Hu Shiyuan, the former manager of China Merchants, suddenly spoke out after years of silence, giving another explanation for the cause of the crash and revealing an amazing inside story.

It is said that1948 65438+February, the bombers of the Kuomintang Shanghai Naval Air Force flew to Haizhou to perform their tasks and returned to Shanghai Gaochang Naval Base. A 500-pound bomb hanging on the ship was unhooked and fell into the sea because of improper placement. Jiangya ship just passed through this water area at this time, and the bomb fell into the starboard water of the passenger ship, which was attracted to the hull by the gravity generated by the moving passenger ship and exploded.

After the incident, the Kuomintang authorities regarded it as top secret and strictly blocked it. It was not until April 1949 that Gui Yongqing, commander of the Kuomintang navy, hosted a banquet for Liu Hongsheng, chairman and Xu, general manager of China Merchants Group, and persuaded them to go to Taiwan Province Province, which revealed the truth.

If this statement is true, it is difficult for China Merchants to conceal the truth for a long time out of its own interests, and it is also difficult to get rid of the suspicion of deceiving audio and video and helping others to insult. However, it seems difficult to determine whether this one-sided statement is an isolated case and whether it is true.

1956, the Shanghai municipal government decided to salvage the Jiang Yalun in order to clear the waterway. The salvage project started in May of 13 and ended on October 29th of 16 10, which lasted more than 60 days. Finally, the Jiangya boat buried at the bottom of the river was found. During the salvage process, according to the instructions of the municipal government, the staff carefully searched for the remains and relics of the victims, cleaned these bones, gold bars, necklaces and rings out of the water and registered them. Later, the municipal government used those unclaimed gold and silver jewelry to build a cemetery in the western suburbs to bury the unidentified bodies of the victims.

1957 65438+ 10, Jiang Yalun was sent to Jiangnan Shipyard for thorough repair. Two years later, on the morning of February 4th, 1959, newly decorated Jiang Yalun appeared in the decorated Shiliupu Wharf. The passenger ship painted milky white shines in the sun, and the ship is full of more than 400 family members of the passengers who died that year and representatives from all walks of life in Shanghai. At 9 o'clock in the morning, with a whistle, Jiang Yalun, who was just born, officially set sail for trial. Two hours later, when the passenger ship came to Litong Shahe River at the east end of Bailong Port in the southwest of Hengsha again, the whistle sounded again, and with the continuous wailing, the rich whistle echoed in the vast sea for a long time.

Since most of the victims of Jiang Yalun were from Ningbo, ningbo evening news has organized the gathering of Jiang Yalun survivors every year since 1998, and it has been organized for nine consecutive years since 2004. From June 5438 to February 2003, at the party commemorating the 55th anniversary of Jiang Yalun's death, Shao, a 77-year-old retired professor from Zhejiang Medical University, the son of Mr. Zhang Hanting, the late owner of the former Li Jinyuan, made a special trip from Hangzhou to Ningbo on behalf of his family to visit Jiang Yalun's survivors. In 2004, Mr. Wang's two younger brothers, 67-year-old Mr. Zhang Kexun and 66-year-old Mr. Xu, also made a special trip to Ningbo from Chengdu and Xiaoshan respectively to visit the old people who had an indissoluble bond with Jin Yuanli.

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