General answer method for college entrance examination Chinese

First of all, the experience of rhetoric and article expression.

1. Read the position and position of good sentences in the article.

2. Formula: ① Metaphor: ... to describe ... accurately, it shows the author's vivid understanding of ... (2) personification: ... using personification rhetoric, endowing ... writing with people's emotions and personalities, thus expressing the author's feelings ... and being very vivid (or lifelike). (3) exaggeration: ... using exaggerated rhetoric to describe ... and express the author's feelings ... has a strange association and a rich sense of image. (4) rhetorical question: ... use rhetorical devices to express the author's feelings ... in rhetorical sentences, the tone is stronger and the thinking is stronger. ⑤ Parallelism: ... uses parallelism to describe ... express the author's feelings ... and the rhythm is bright, which enhances the momentum of the language. ⑥ Duality: ... Describe ... with the rhetoric of duality and express the author's appreciation of ... lively rhythm and rich musical beauty.

Second, the function of interpolation.

1, read the position of the inserted paragraph and its connection with the full text.

2. Formula: ... The method of inserting narrative not only supplements the content of the article ... but also highlights the theme of the article ... (or enriches the hero's character ...).

Third, summarize the center of the article.

Formula: ① Main writers: narration ... worship ... expression ... ② Notes are mainly: narration ... (criticism) praise ... expression ... ③ Writing scenery: using ... description, praise and expression ... ④ Travel notes: description ... express.

Fourth, the role of narrative elements.

Formula: ① Time: Write in the order (or clue) of ... in order to make the narrative process clearer. ② Location: Write in the order of ……. ③ Events: Write with the events of .... 4 people: writing activities ... to push the story forward.

Fifth, the role of descriptive techniques.

1. Read the position and purpose of the technique described in the paragraph.

2. Make clear the description type and related knowledge: ① The main function of appearance (portrait) description is to express the character characteristics of the characters; The main function of language description is to express the feelings of characters and show their inner world; The main function of action (detail) description is to express the mental outlook and personality characteristics of the characters, which can make the characters vivid; ④ The main function of psychological (expression) description is to show the mental outlook of the characters, especially the complicated psychological subjective description, which can better remind the spiritual world of the characters.

3. Formula:

Appearance: Describe the appearance of ... and display it. ...

Language: the language of ... vividly shows ... and shows. ...

Action: It vividly and accurately depicts. ...

Psychology: ... when this sentence ... is written, it shows that. ...

Sixth, the role of environmental description.

1. Find the environmental description sentences at the beginning, middle and end of the paragraph.

2. Formula: ① Scenery description ... describes the scenery (or environment) of ... and sets off the character and quality of the characters ... (2) Scenery description ... shows the character and spirit of the characters in combination with their psychological activities.

Scene description ... Scene description ... Scene description.

Seven, the role of demonstration methods.

1, find out the relevant argumentation methods in this paper.

2. Clear knowledge: ① The method of giving examples is mainly to enhance persuasiveness. Only through one or two typical examples can the truth be convincing. The main function of citation method is to enrich the content, enhance the authority of persuasion, and have great strength and reliability. ③ The main function of the positive and negative contrast argument method is to make the argument more profound. (4) The main function of metaphor argument is to make it easy to understand and make the argument more concrete and vivid.

3. Formula:

Example: Examples are used to illustrate the point of view of ...

Quote: Quote is adopted, which is based on the famous saying of ...

Positive and negative comparative argument: adopt positive and negative comparative argument to conduct in-depth discussion with ...

Metaphorical argument: to demonstrate figuratively with the metaphor of …

Eight, imitate sentences.

Formula: 1 Count the number of words in the example sentence. (2) Find out the rhetorical devices used in the example sentences (except those without rhetorical devices). ③ Understand the conceptual and phenomenal relationship between example sentences and sentences to be imitated.

Nine, couplets.

Formula: ① name-to-name, shape-to-shape, dynamic-to-dynamic; (2) the mountain is facing Sichuan, the sky is facing the moon, and the sky is facing the ground; (3) Pay attention to the semantic association and integration of upper and lower conjunctions.

Ten, read the picture.

Formula: ① Analyze the elements of the picture. See clearly what is up, what is down, what is left, what is middle, what is the theme or title of the picture, and what is the language of the characters in the picture. (2) The formula for writing titles for comics: title+content+inspiration. (3) combine the meaning of the picture, express your own views or enlightenment and put forward your own views, and write them in points (written as 1, 2,3) (4) give the picture a title, or leave a picture meaning or meaning. (5) The moral of this picture is to see that A is associated with B, and both A and B are * * *.

XI。 Ask questions.

Formula: ① Analyze the given passage and draw a conclusion from it. ② Analyze the change of the given chart data and draw a conclusion. Summarize your conclusion in one sentence, but it is best to express it in 1, 2,3. (4) When you put forward your opinions or suggestions, you should indicate 1, 2, 3 points.

Twelve, summary questions.

Formula: ① To analyze a given language material, we should find out the characteristics of several materials and then express them in one sentence. ② Analyze the given language materials, find out the key points of phenomena in each material, and then express them comprehensively in one sentence. Of course, it can also be written as "My findings are 1, 2, 3 points". (3) Analyze the contents of the selected paragraphs of famous works, then find out the key plot or the characters' language and actions, and then summarize the characters' personalities in one sentence.

Formula:

1, to be able to write 1-6 volumes of Chinese-related classics. (2) Write the personality characteristics of the characters. (3) Write the story of relevant chapters. (4) Write the name of the protagonist and the name of the book. ⑤ If you want to choose one aspect from the content, theme, characters and writing techniques, and use refined language to comment on literary masterpieces, you'd better consider the characters.

Thirteen, read famous books.

Formula:

1, to be able to write 1-6 volumes of Chinese-related classics. (2) Write the personality characteristics of the characters.

(3) Write the story of relevant chapters. (4) Write the name of the protagonist and the name of the book.

⑤ If you want to use refined language to comment on literary masterpieces in terms of content, theme, characters and writing techniques, you'd better consider characters.

Fourteen, write a letter.

Formula: ① Pay attention to the format of the letter (the title is written in the top box at the beginning, the position of "Sincerity" and "Salute", the signature of the writer, and the year, month and day are clearly written). (2) Write down the facts of the material in concise words. (3) wishes, hopes, etc. Put it at the end of the letter.

Fifteen, send text messages.

Formula: ① Abbreviate the place name with the word "Shanghai". (2) The facts written on the paper should also grasp the main content of the sentence to write.

16. Appreciation of poetry and prose.

Formula: ① Pay attention to the use of words such as "vivid", "image" and "vivid". The format is: ... well used, describing (or depicting) ... very vivid. ② From rhetoric to admiration, see figures of speech. (3) To understand happiness from the ideological content of the whole sentence, we should write it from the artistic conception (ideological realm, philosophy contained) of the poem, which is similar to explaining the poem.

17. Explain the style of the writer (or literary work).

Formula: ① indicate the age of the author's life. (2) indicate the characteristics of the author's work. (2) Combining the "poems" in the author's specific works to illustrate the characteristics.

Eighteen, classical Chinese sentences pause.

Formula: 1, sentences marked with "so" and "Shi Yi", and draw diagonal lines after these words. 2. If a noun is an adverbial, put a cross before the word. 3. The category of "energy" is actually two words, which are marked after "energy". Draw a line between the subject and the predicate. Draw a line between the predicate and the object.

Nineteen, combined with the context, add some words with special meanings in the text.

Formula: 1 Explain the original meaning of this word first. 2 ... Describe (or depict) ... 3 ... Method ...

Twenty, care before and after.

Formula: 1 Look for keywords at the beginning, middle and end of the article. 2 ... and ... take care of each other and show ...

Twenty-one, cleverly set suspense.

Formula: 1 Find out the suspense (keywords) set by the author at the beginning of the article. 2, ..., making the article twists and turns, ups and downs.

Twenty-two, the role of writing landscape paragraphs at the beginning of the article.

Formula: 1 Analyze the characteristics of the scenery written. 2 ... describe ... lay the foundation for writing ... below.

Twenty-three, narrative clues.

Formula: 1, analysis clue type: 1, taking "event" as the clue; 2. take "things"; 3. use "people"; 4. Use "time"; 5, with "feelings." 2. Take ... as a clue, connect cases, shape characters and focus on the theme.

24. Title change.

Formula: 1 Find out the changing words of people's address. 2. Use the first person, cordial and true. 3. The change of appellation also reflects the change of emotion.

(A) the role of sentences in the text:

1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (prose), pave the way (narrative), and set suspense (novel, but not tested in Shanghai) as the auxiliary paving way for the following; Below the general collar;

2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;

3. At the end of the article: point out the center (prose); Deepen the theme (narrative); The beginning of a quotation (argumentative, narrative, novel)

(B) the role of rhetoric:

(1) own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.

1, figuratively personified: vivid;

Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.

2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;

Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.

3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;

Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics

Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.

4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …

5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.

(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:

In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering the question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.

(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?

Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...

Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...

Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.

(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?

I can't. Because:

(1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence).

(2) There is a one-to-one correspondence between this word and the above.

(3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.

(6) Summary of paragraph meaning

1. Narrative: Answer clearly (when and where) who did what.

Format: (time+place)+people+things.

2. Description: The answer clearly explains what the object is and what its characteristics are.

Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)

3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author thinks.

Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?

(7)

Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry, such as allusions, comparison, rendering, laying out, comparison, lyricism, scene blending, lyricism by borrowing scenery, combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and fiction, euphemism, comparison, allegory, symbol, pun and so on. The rhetorical methods commonly used in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, duality, metaphor, metonymy, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question and repetition. The commonly used terms in analyzing poetry language are: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, beautiful, gorgeous, implicit, simple and natural. When reviewing, we should systematically summarize all kinds of expression skills and reserve relevant knowledge. First of all, we should understand the characteristics and functions of these expressive skills, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems.

As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's attitude, it includes summarizing the main idea of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected by the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations.

In short, the first step to appreciate ancient poetry is to grasp the content of poetry from the following aspects: 1 Read the title and comments carefully; 2. Analyze the image; 3. Taste the artistic conception; 4 contact the author. Step 2, find out the skills: 1 Grasp the image features; 2. Differentiate expression skills; 3 Explain the expression function. The third step is to evaluate the contents and opinions: 1 summarize the main idea; 2 contact background; 3 distinguish between primary and secondary; 4. Comprehensive evaluation.

When answering questions, we should pay special attention to the following points: first, we should stick to the requirements and not generalize; Second, the main points should be complete and should be considered from multiple angles; The third is to scrutinize the terms and strive to be accurate, concise and standardized.

Distinction of confusing terms

The difference between "method and technology"

Artistic skills, also known as expressive skills, include:

Expression: narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation.

(2) Expression techniques: arousing, associating, setting off, suppressing, caring, being positive, symbolizing, contrasting, changing from reality to emptiness, combining reality with reality, using allusions, expressing one's mind directly, expressing feelings by borrowing scenery, blending scenes, expressing ideas by borrowing ancient times, satirizing the present, turning motion into stillness, combining motion with motion, seeing the big from the small, and getting to the point.

Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, contrast, analogy, parallelism, rhetorical question, quotation, irony and repetition.

(B) the relationship between "emotion" and "scenery"

Borrowing scenery to express feelings, borrowing scenery to express feelings and blending scenes are all ways for poets to express feelings by borrowing scenery. "Expressing emotion by borrowing scenery" is relatively direct, and the feeling after reading the poem is to see "emotion" but not "scenery"; "Emotion in the scene" and "scene blending". When expressing feelings, there are no words on the front. After reading the poem, I feel that I see the "scenery" but can't see the "emotion". But after careful analysis, it is found that the poet's feelings are all in the natural scenery in front of him, and all the scenery and words are sentimental.

(3) the angle of description

Common angles are: shape, sound, color, state and taste. "Shape" and "color" are perspectives; "Sound" is the angle of hearing; "State" is divided into dynamic and static; "Taste" is the angle of touch.