Two short historical stories of 1000 words or more. . . Must exceed 1000 words.

The King of Qin attached great importance to Liao Wei and was bent on unifying the Central Plains and constantly attacking other countries. He broke up the alliance between Yan and Zhao, which cost Yan several cities.

Yan Wangdan originally stayed in Qin as a hostage. When he saw that Zheng was determined to annex other countries and took the land of Yan, he secretly fled back to Yan. He hated Qin and was bent on revenge for Yan. But he didn't train, and he didn't intend to contact the vassals against Qin, but pinned the fate of Yan on the assassin. He took out all his possessions and looked for someone who could stab the king of Qin.

Later, Taizi Dan found a very capable soldier named Jing Ke. He put Jing Ke under the door as a guest of honor, gave his chariots and horses to Jing Ke, and let Jing Ke enjoy his food and clothes together. Jing Ke certainly appreciates Taizi Dan.

In 230 BC, Qin destroyed Korea; Two years later, Wang Jin, the general of Qin State, occupied Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and marched northward to approach Yan State.

Yan Taizi Dan was in a hurry and went to Jing Ke. Taizidan said: "To lead troops against the State of Qin is like throwing stones at eggs;" It seems impossible to unite all countries against Qin. I'm going to send a soldier, dressed as an emissary, to see the king of Qin, get close to him and force him to return the land of the princes. The king of Qin promised the best, or he would be stabbed to death if he didn't promise. What do you think? "

Jing Ke said, "Yes, but if we want to get close to the king of Qin, we must first convince him that we want to make peace with him. It is said that the king of Qin had long wanted the most fertile land in Yan State (in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). Fan, a general of the Qin Dynasty, was exiled to the State of Yan, and the king of Qin offered a reward for his capture. If I can bring the head of General Fan and the map of Du Kang to the King of Qin, he will certainly meet me. So I can deal with him. "

Taizidan embarrassed way: "Du Kang map easy; General Fan was persecuted by the State of Qin and came to me. How can I have the heart to hurt him? "

Knowing that Prince Taizi Dan couldn't stand it, Jing Ke went to Fan privately and said, "I have an idea that can help Yan eliminate disasters and avenge the general, but I just can't say it."

Fan Yuqi quickly said: "What idea, you are quick to say!"

Jing Ke said, "I decided to assassinate him for fear that I would never see the King of Qin again. Now the king of Qin has offered a reward for your arrest. If I can give him your headband, he will definitely see me. "

Van Yuqi said, "OK, just take it!" With that, he drew his sword and committed suicide.

Prince Taizi Dan prepared a sharp dagger in advance and asked craftsmen to cook it with poison. Anyone who is stabbed with a drop of blood by this dagger will die immediately. He gave this dagger to Jing Ke as an assassination weapon, and sent a 13-year-old soldier Qin Wuyang as Jing Ke's deputy.

In 227 BC, Jing Ke set out from Yan State for Xianyang. Prince Taizi Dan and several guests put on white hats and went to Yishui (now Yixian County, Hebei Province) to bid farewell. Before he left, Jing Ke sang a song for everyone:

"The wind is rustling and Xiao Xi is cold.

A strong person has gone and will never come back. "

Everyone cried at his solemn and stirring singing. Jing Ke took Qin Wuyang and jumped on the bus, leaving without looking back.

Jing Ke arrived in Xianyang. Peter said that Wen Yan sent his head and a map of Du Kang. He was overjoyed and ordered someone to meet Jing Ke at Xianyang Palace.

The ceremony of meeting the audience began. Jing Ke took a box with a picture of Fan in his hand, and Qin Wuyang took a map of Du Kang in his hand and stepped onto the steps of the Qin Dynasty step by step.

When Qin Wuyang saw the majestic posture of Qin State, he couldn't help shivering with fear.

The guards around the king of Qin saw it and shouted, "Why did the emissary change his face?"

Jing Ke looked back and saw Qin Wuyang's face was black and blue. He smiled and said to the king of Qin, "Rude people are afraid because they have never seen the majesty of the king. Please forgive him. "

After that, Qin Wangzheng was a little skeptical and said to Jing Ke, "Tell Qin Wuyang to give you the map and come up by himself."

Jing Ke took the map from Qin Wuyang and presented it to the king of Qin with a affairs box. Qin opened the affairs box, and it was Fan's head. Qin Wangzheng also asked Jing Ke to bring the map. Jing Ke slowly opened a roll of maps. When all the maps were opened, a dagger that Jing Ke had rolled in the map in advance was exposed.

When Qin saw it, he jumped up in shock.

Jing Ke hurriedly grabbed the dagger, left hand pulls the sleeve of Qin, and right hand plunges the dagger into Qin's chest.

Qin stepped back hard and broke his sleeve. He jumped over the screen next to him and was about to run out. Jing Ke went after him with a dagger. Seeing that he couldn't run any further, Qin ran around the big copper pillar in the hall. Jing Ke pressed.

The two men wandered around like merry-go-round.

Although there are many officials around, they are unarmed; According to the rules of the state of Qin, the samurai under the steps are not allowed to go to the temple without the order of the king of Qin. Everyone was so anxious that no one called the samurai under the stage.

One of the officials, a doctor who served the king of Qin, used his quick wits, picked up the medicine bag in his hand and threw it at Jing Ke. Jing Ke raised his hand and the medicine bag flew to one side.

Blink of an eye, Qin stepped forward, pulled out his sword and cut off Jing Ke's left leg.

Jing Ke couldn't stand and fell to the ground. He picked up a dagger and threw it at the king of Qin. Qin only flashed to the right, and the dagger flew past his ear, hitting the copper pillar and popping out of Mars with a bang.

Jing Ke, the king of Qin, had no weapons in his hand, so he went to power and cut several swords at Jing Ke. Jing Ke was shot with eight swords. Knowing that he had failed, he said with a wry smile, "I didn't start earlier." I originally wanted to force you to return to Yan. "

At that time, the attendants warriors have arrived at the temple together, ending Jing Ke's life. Qin Wuyang under the steps has also been killed by the soldiers.

Li Sijian's suggestion to drive away the guests

Although Qin suffered defeat in Handan, its strength is still very strong. In the second year (256 BC), he attacked Korea and Zhao and won the battle. Later, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty died in name only. After the death of Zhao Xiang, King of Qin, his grandson, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, died less than three years after he ascended the throne. Prince Ying Zheng, only thirteen years old, acceded to the throne.

At that time, the regime of Qin was in the hands of Prime Minister Lv Buwei.

Lv Buwei was originally a wealthy businessman in Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province), and became prime minister for helping King Zhuang Xiang ascend to the throne. After becoming prime minister, Lv Buwei followed Meng Changjun's example and received a large number of public guests, many of whom came from other countries.

During the Warring States Period, hundred schools of thought wrote books and made statements, one after another. Historically, this situation has been called "a hundred schools of thought contend". Lv Buwei couldn't write a book by himself, so he organized his disciples to write a book called Lv Chunqiu. After the book was written, Lv Buwei also sent someone to hang it on the gate of Xianyang, and issued a notice saying that anyone who can make comments on the book, whether adding a word or deleting a word, will be rewarded with 220. Now, he is even more famous.

Qin Wang Yue is getting older and older. At the age of 22, there was a rebellion in the palace, which implicated Lv Buwei. Qin felt out of the way, so he was relieved of his post. Later, I found that Lv Buwei was very powerful, so I forced him to commit suicide.

As soon as Lv Buwei fell, some nobles and ministers of Qin began to talk about it, saying that people from other countries came to Qin for themselves, and some people might be spies. They asked the king of Qin to drive all the guests out of the state of Qin.

Qin accepted the advice and ordered the March. All officials, big or small, who are not in the State of Qin, should leave the State of Qin.

Li Si, a guest of Chu, was originally a student of Xun Kuang, a famous representative of Confucianism. He came to the State of Qin and was kept as a guest by Lv Buwei. Reese was also fired this time, and she was quite unconvinced. When he left Xianyang, he wrote a letter to the king of Qin.

Reese said on the throne: "In the past, Qin Mugong used Priscilla and Uncle Jian as the hegemons;" Qin Xiaogong uses Shang Yang, and the reform plan is strong; King Huiwen used Zhang Yi to break up the six-nation alliance; Item, improve the prestige of the court. These four monarchs built their political achievements by Ke Qingshi. Now that you are in the hands of the king, you have driven away all the foreign talents. Isn't this to help the enemy increase its strength? "

Qin felt that Reese had a point, so he quickly sent someone to take Reese back from halfway, restore his official position, and canceled the marching orders.

After the king of Qin used Reese as his counselor, he stepped up his attack on other countries, sent people to lobby other governors, and cooperated with armed attacks by means of treachery and betrayal. Seeing this situation, Wang Han 'an was very scared and sent his son Han Fei to the State of Qin for peace, expressing his willingness to be a vassal of the State of Qin.

Han Fei is also a student in Xun Kuang, with Li Si. He saw that the country was weakening in South Korea, and he remonstrated with the king of South Korea many times, but the king of South Korea just ignored him. Han Fei was full of knowledge and was not reused, so he wrote a book called Han Feizi behind closed doors. In his book, he advocated that the monarch mainly concentrated power and strengthened the rule of law. When the book arrived in Qin, the king of Qin appreciated it very much. He said, "If only I could meet this man."

This time, Han Fei was sent to Qin by Wang Wei of the Han Dynasty. Seeing the power of Qin, he wrote a letter to the king of Qin, expressing his willingness to contribute to the unification of Qin. As soon as the letter came up, the king of Qin had not considered reusing Han Fei, but Reese was in a hurry first, fearing that Han Fei would rob him of his position. He said in front of the king of Qin: "Han Fei is the son of South Korea, and the king wants to annex the princes. Han Fei must plan for South Korea; " If we let him go back to China, it will be a future trouble. Might as well find a charge and kill him. "

Hearing this, the king of Qin hesitated and ordered Han Fei to be detained for interrogation. Han Fei went to prison and had no chance to defend himself. Reese sent him poison, and Han Fei had to take medicine to kill himself.

Qin Wangzheng detained Han Fei and regretted it a little. He sent someone to release Han Fei, but it was too late. Qin rang is very upset. Just then, a wei ren came to Qin, and Qin talked with him. He thought he was a rare talent, so he was appointed as Qin Guowei, and later people called him Wei.

Pan Geng moved the capital.

When Shang Tang established the Shang Dynasty, the earliest capital was Bo (Yinbo, now Shangqiu, Henan). In the next 300 years, the capital moved five times. This is because the royal family often competes for the throne and civil strife occurs; Coupled with frequent floods in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Once a flood flooded the capital and had to move.

Shang Tang handed down twenty kings, and the throne passed to Pan Geng. Pan Geng is a capable monarch. In order to change the social unrest at that time, he decided to move the capital again.

However, most nobles crave comfort and are unwilling to move. Some powerful aristocrats also incited civilians to rise up against it, causing a great uproar.

Faced with strong opposition, Pan Geng did not waver in his determination to move the capital. He called the nobles who opposed the move and patiently persuaded: "I want you to move the capital because you want to stabilize our country. Not only did you not understand my painstaking efforts, but you appeared unnecessary panic. It is impossible for you to change my mind. "

Because Pan Geng insisted on moving the capital and defeated the opposition, he finally crossed the Yellow River with civilians and slaves and moved to Yin (now Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan). There, the politics of the Shang Dynasty was reorganized, which led to the revival of the declining Shang Dynasty. For more than 200 years, the capital has never moved. So Shang Dynasty is also called Yin Shang, or Yin Dynasty.

Since then, after more than 3,000 years, the capital of the Shang Dynasty has long been in ruins. In modern times, a large number of ancient relics were excavated in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, which proved that it was once the ruins of the Shang Dynasty capital, so it was called "Yin Ruins".

Among the relics excavated in the Yin Ruins, there are100000 pieces of tortoise shell and beast bones engraved with illegible words. Archaeologists worked hard to figure out these words. It turns out that the ruling class of Shang Dynasty was very superstitious about ghosts and gods. When they sacrifice, hunt and go out to war, they all use tortoise shells and animal bones for divination, which is auspicious or unlucky. After divination, write down what happened at that time and the result of divination on tortoise shells and animal bones. This kind of writing is very different from the current writing, and it was later called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions". The Chinese characters we use now are evolved from Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Among the relics excavated in Yin Ruins, a large number of bronze vessels and weapons were also found, with a wide variety and exquisite craftsmanship. There is a generous tripod called "Simuwu", which weighs 875 kg and is 130 cm high. The tripod is also engraved with gorgeous patterns. Such a large bronze ware shows that the technical and artistic level of copper smelting in Yin and Shang Dynasties was very high. But it is also conceivable that such a huge and exquisite cauldron is permeated with the blood and sweat of many slaves!

Archaeologists also excavated the tombs of slave owners in Yin Ruins. In a tomb of Shang King in Wuguan Village, Anyang, in addition to a large number of luxurious funerary objects such as pearls and Baoyu, many slaves were buried alive and killed. In the pyramid-shaped mound next to the tomb, there are many headless bones and many heads lined up. According to the written records on Oracle bones, they sacrificed a large number of ancestors and slaughtered slaves as sacrifices, reaching more than 2,600 people at most. This is the evidence of the cruel persecution of slaves by slave owners in those days.

From the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins, we have a more conclusive textual research on the social situation of Shang Dynasty. Therefore, the earliest recorded history of China started from Shang Dynasty.

Shang Tang and Yi Yin.

10/ 13/2004/ 10:05

Huaxia jingwei net

There is a tribe called Shang in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. According to legend, Xi è, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, helped Yu to control water during Yao and Shun period. Later, the Shang tribe developed rapidly because of animal husbandry. By the end of Xia Dynasty, when Tang became the leader, it had become a powerful tribe.

The Xia dynasty ruled for about 400 years. In the 6th century BC, Xia Jie, the last king of Xia Dynasty, came to power. Xia Jie was a famous tyrant. He and the slave owners and nobles cruelly oppressed the people, especially slaves. Xia Jie has also built many buildings, built palaces and lived a luxurious life.

Minister Guan Longting persuaded Xia Jie that it would lose people's hearts. Xia Jie was furious and killed Guan Longti. People hated Xia Jie and cursed, "When will this Sun Die come back? We would rather die with you. "

Shang Tang saw that Xia Jie was very corrupt and was determined to destroy the Xia Dynasty. On the surface, he obeys Jie, and secretly expands his power.

At that time, tribal nobles were superstitious about ghosts and gods and regarded offering sacrifices to ancestors of heaven and earth as the most important thing. There is a tribe called Ge near the Shang tribe, and the tribal leader doesn't make sacrifices on time. Tang sent someone to ask Jiabao. Gerber replied, "We are poor here and there are no animals to sacrifice."

Tang sent a batch of cattle and sheep as sacrifices to Gerber. Gerber killed the cattle and sheep and ate them without sacrifice. Tang sent someone to ask again, and Gerber said, "I have no food. What can I offer as a sacrifice? "

Tang also sent people to help Gerber plow the fields, and also sent some old and weak people to deliver wine and meals to farmers. Unexpectedly, Jiabao snatched all the wine and food on the way and killed a child who delivered the food.

By doing so, Gaubert aroused public anger. Tang seized this matter and sent troops to destroy Ge Xian. Then, they successively captured several nearby tribes. Shang Tang's influence gradually developed, but this did not attract the attention of the fatuous Xia Jie. One of the dowry slaves brought by Shang Tang's wife was named Yi Yin. Legend has it that when Yi Yin first came to Shang Tang's house, he worked as a chef and waited on Shang Tang. Later, Shang Tang gradually discovered that Yi Yin was different from ordinary slaves. After chatting with him for a while, Shang Tang realized that he was deliberately dressed as a slave to find soup. Yi Yin talked a lot about the principles of governing the country with Tang, and Tang immediately promoted Yi Yin to be his assistant.

Shang Tang and Yi Yin discuss the crusade against Xia Jie. Yi Yin said: "Now Xia Jie still has strength. Don't pay tribute yet Let's test him and see how he is. "

According to Yi Yin's plan, Shang Tang stopped paying tribute to Xia Jie. Xia Jie was furious and ordered 91 troops to attack Shang Tang. When Yi Yin saw that Iraqis still obeyed Xia Jie's command, he quickly confessed to Xia Jie and resumed paying tribute.

After a year, some tribes of Jiuyi couldn't stand the oppression and blackmail of Xia Dynasty, and gradually defected to Xia Dynasty. Tang and Yi Yin decided to attack on a large scale.

Since Xia Qi, the same surname has been handed down from generation to generation for more than 400 years. It is not an easy task to overthrow the Xia Dynasty. Tang and Yi Yin discussed it, and decided to call the soldiers of the Shang army, and Tang personally swore to everyone.

Tang said, "I dare not rebel. It's Xia Jie who does all kinds of evil. God wants me to destroy him. I dare not disobey my destiny! " He went on to announce the regulations on rewards and punishments.

Shang Tang used God's will to mobilize the soldiers. The soldiers hoped that Xia Jie would perish early, so he fought bravely. Xia and Shang armies fought in Mingtiao (now north of Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province), and our army was defeated.

Finally, he fled to Nanchao (now southwest of Chao County, Anhui Province), where Tang pursued him and exiled Jie to Nanchao until his death.

In this way, the Xia Dynasty was replaced by the newly established Shang Dynasty. Historically, Shang Tang's conquest of Xia was called Shang Tang Revolution, because the ancient ruling class described regime change as a change of fate, so it was called "revolution". This is completely different from the revolution we are talking about now.