Appreciation of the Original Text of the Pre-Qin Prose Liezi Zhou Muwang (Excerpt)

Appreciation of the Original Text of the Pre-Qin Prose Liezi Zhou Muwang (Excerpt)

The Zhou Dynasty ruled the land in Yin, and the courtiers invaded the morning and fainted. An old soldier is tired and makes him diligent. During the day, you groan and do things, and at night, you are sleepy and tired. Yesterday, you dreamed of becoming a monarch. Being above the people is always a matter for a country. You can do whatever you want and enjoy it. If you feel it, you will resume service. People comfort their diligent people. The servant said, "life is a hundred years, and day and night are divided into five parts." I am a servant during the day, and suffering is suffering; Being king at night is very enjoyable. What are you complaining about? " Yin is concerned about the world and worries about his family business. He is exhausted and sleepy at night. Yesterday, I dreamed of being a servant and rushing to work. It's okay to scold the stick and tart. In my sleep, I groaned and screamed. Yin is ill to visit his friend. The friend said, "If you are full of honor and wealth, you will be much better than others. Night dreams are servants, and scolding is common. You have to have a dream and a dream, how can you get evil? " Yin listened to his friend's words, widened the servant's journey, reduced his own thoughts and became less ill.

Note ① Interest (inflectional): Follow the wind. Invasion: gradual. ② Groans: * * *. Namely: engage in, work. Past lives: At night, night after night. The past is the past. 4 Yan (Banquet): Pass on "Banquet". Five points: half. 6 o'clock: pay attention. ⑦ Less time: The condition improved slightly.

In the Zhou Dynasty, Yin vigorously managed the industry, and his people were not allowed to rest from morning till night. An old servant was exhausted, but he had to work harder. The old servant hurried to work during the day, but at night he fell into a coma, fell asleep wearily, lost his mind, and dreamed that he had become a monarch every night. Above the people and lead the political affairs of the country. There is nothing like having fun, drinking and doing whatever you want at the gate of the palace. I woke up and went to work again. Someone comforted him and advised him to work hard. The old servant said, "People only live a hundred years, and half the day is in the middle of the night." . I am a servant during the day, and suffering is suffering; Being a monarch at night is nothing like happiness. What do I hate? Yin was preoccupied with worldly matters and family matters. "。 He was physically and mentally exhausted and fell asleep at night. Every night, I dream of being someone else's servant and running around in coolies. There's nothing I don't do. There is nothing wrong with saying abuse and hitting with a stick. Talking in a dream * * *, didn't stop until dawn. Yin was very unhappy about it and asked his friend about it. The friend said, "Your position is enough to make you glorious. Your money is inexhaustible, and you are far superior to others. Dreaming of being a servant at night has a cycle of hard work, happiness and enjoyment, which is often the case in people's fate. How can you want to be happy when you wake up, in your dream? "Yin listened to his friend's words, which lightened the servant's labor and reduced his own consideration. Both Yin and his servants are getting better.

Comment on Liu Chenweng's comment on Xu Chongzhen's mirror: "The truth is good and the metaphor is good, so the dreamer also comes from this."

There is also: "... this paragraph uses dreams to describe bitter and happy things, and its words are very interesting."

Sun Mingkuang's evaluation of Liezi Xu Chongzhen's mirror: "The writing style is very strange, but the writing style is simple."

Chen Ming Ren Xi's "Liezi's Wonderful Reward": "There are strange reasons for respecting and belittling day and night."

And: "You know, dreams and silence are different."

During the Republic of China, Zhang Zhichun commented on the records of elite scholars: "It seems like a generation of biographical texts."

He also said, "Living in a beautiful house, with mountains and hills on the back, and Yin's dream as a servant, is it Yin's dream?"

He also said, "It is a pity that emperors have only dreamed of a servant since ancient times."

He said, "I'm just tired of believing in my friends. Don't you know that he is worried about losing his country? "

Most of the eight stories in Zhou Muwang are related to dreams. We talk about dreams under the influence of the real world on human spirit. The so-called "daydreaming meets the spirit", although the story itself has the color of "illusory birth and death", after all, we have seriously explored the rational understanding of people when they wake up and the spiritual activities when they dream. Lu of the Tang Dynasty explained this fable in Liezi Zhu: "Those who work hard and escape from the spirit will feel tired and dream of peace;" Those who work hard and escape from their form will feel happy and dream hard ... so both form and spirit work hard. If you work and rest moderately, you will get sick less. "This passage is divided into two paragraphs, meaning the opposite, mainly four-character loose sentences, so there are two different forms: overall modeling and spiritual escape, narrative meaning, and writing the joys and sorrows of secular human feelings. A servant is a servant by day and a king by night; Yin cares about the world, and dreams at night are servants. The two are mistaken, which is quite interesting to read. Concise pen and visible description are his strengths in writing.

In Song Yang, Hanako got sick in middle age and forgot (1). On the way, you forgot to walk, but in the room, you forgot to sit; If you don't know now, you won't know now. The poison of closing the room (2). History and divination (3), accounting for (4); Pray for the witch and forbid it; It's no use attacking doctors. Lu has a Confucian scholar who can be ruled by his own media, and Hanako's wife wants half of her property. Confucian scholars said, "This is not a sign of divination, a prayer of prayer, or an attack of medicine stone. I'll try to change it and worry about it. It's almost seven o'clock! " So try to be exposed and ask for clothes; Hungry, but begging for food; Quiet, seeking clarity. Confucian scholars readily told their son, "This disease can be cured. However, my secret has been handed down from generation to generation and I haven't told anyone. Test the screen left and right, seven days alone. " From it. I don't know what I did, but I've got rid of my illness once in these years. When Hanako realized this, he was furious. He punished his wife and son (1 1) and pursued Confucian scholars. Song people insisted and asked (12). Hanako said, "I forgot, but I didn't know the existence of heaven and earth. Today, I know the past. For decades, life and death, gain and loss, sadness and sorrow, joy and evil have been bothering Wan (13). I am afraid of future life and death, gains and losses, joys and sorrows, likes and dislikes. My heart is like this, I can forget it in an instant. Can I save it? " Hearing this, Zi Gong told Confucius reproachfully. Confucius said, "This is impossible!" Gu said Yan Hui Ji Zhi.

Note 1 Amnesia: refers to amnesia. 2 He Jia: the whole family. Poison: bitter. History: fortune teller, fortune teller. 4 Fu Zhan: Yan Fu, no effect. ⑤ Media (Mei Phoneme): Introduction. 6: storage. All landowners Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu Shu 8 screen: the back. 9 years: many years. Except: the more. The attending is: so. (1 1) Chu: Chu. Punishment, torture. (12) Therefore, the reason. (13) Disturbance: the appearance of chaos.

Hua Zi in Song Yangli suffered from amnesia in middle age. He took something in the morning and forgot it at night. He put it down at night and forgot it in the morning. Forgot to walk on the road, forgot to sit in the house; I don't know the present past, and I don't know the future present. The whole family is worried about him. It's no use asking a fortune teller for divination; Ask the wizard to pray for him, but he can't stop; Asking a doctor for treatment can't cure it. A Confucian scholar in Lu recommended himself to treat this disease, and Hanako's wife and son asked for this prescription with half of their property. Confucian scholars said: "this disease can be tested without symptoms;" It is not a prayer that can be dismantled, nor is it a medical stone that can be cured. I try to change his mind and his mind, and I may recover! "So he tried to teach him to be naked, and he wanted clothes; Teach him to eat when he is hungry; Leave him in the dark and he will shine. The Confucian scholar happily told his son, "The disease can be cured. But my prescription is confidential and will not be leaked to others from generation to generation. Try to teach people around you to retire. I lived alone with him for seven days. " Hanako did as he said. No one knows the method he used, but the disease for many years was quickly cured. When Hanako woke up, she lost her temper, drove away her wife, punished her son, and picked up a spear to chase the Confucian scholars. Song people caught him and asked why. Hanako said, "In the past, when I forgot everything, I couldn't feel the existence of heaven and earth. Now I suddenly know the past, and the prosperity and decline in the past few decades, success and failure, sadness and joy, hobbies and hatred, and countless troubles have arisen in disorder. I am afraid that my future survival, gains and losses, sadness, likes and dislikes will disturb my mood again, even if I forget it briefly, can I get it back? Zi Gong was surprised and told Confucius about it. Confucius said, "This is beyond your comprehension! "

Liu Song Chen Weng's Comments on Liezi Xu Chong Zhen Jing: "The metaphor is very good. What has happened for decades, I don't know if I don't forget it. The more I get, the more I clean up. "

There is also: "... it can confuse people's minds by forgetting their likes and dislikes. It is better to forget their diseases than to forget their unhappy diseases. In the end, I can't talk about it, but the cloud is beyond your reach and is also an axis. "

Sun Mingkuang's comment on Liezi Xu Chong Zhen Jing: "Lively."

Chen Ming and Ren Xi's wonderful reward: "Quack doctors kill people."

Once again: "The teacher does not forget the easy, and the teacher forgets the difficult."

During the period of the Republic of China, Zhang Zhichun commented on "The Record of Scholar": "The initial test is based on whether you should take the test or not. When the medicine gets rid of the disease, it is determined to take responsibility. The three methods tested before are also reasonable. It's terrible not to sell medicine. "

There is also: "As the saying goes, if things are as big as drunkenness, just stop, which means to drown your sorrows by drinking. Liezi lives in troubled times, and he is tired of hearing and seeing. He borrowed someone else's glass of wine and poured the thunder into his chest, so it was too radical. "

In general, this fable says that Li Yang's flower son has amnesia, and delaying medical treatment in many ways has no effect. But a Confucian scholar cured it with a secret recipe. It is human nature to cure diseases and save lives, but it is really surprising that Hanako caught fire in the sun in order to forget all the troubles in the world. This is exactly the portrayal of Liezi's thought of emphasizing emptiness. Fables are written about illness and strangeness first; It is even more strange to write that multiple treatments are ineffective; Following the revival of Confucian scholars, it is even more strange; It's strange to be angry when you're well, very strange. The full text is alert and simple, but bizarre and colorful, just like walking on a mountain, fascinating, and the sentence "This is not what you can do" at the junction of Confucius adds to the strange charm of the article. I also use the arrangement of long sentences and the enumeration of phrases, which makes me feel frustrated and powerful.

Qin people have children (1), few but fine (2), strong but confused. When you hear the song, you think you are crying; You think you are black when you see white; I feel rotten when I am fragrant; When you taste sweet, you think you are bitter; When you do something, you think you are right. Where is the meaning? Heaven and earth, four directions, fire and water, cold and heat are all wrong. Andy said to his father, "Mr. Lu is versatile. Can he be competent?" Why don't you visit? "His father lu, Chen, know, all because of his son's card (5). Lao Dan said, "Do you know your son's secret? Everyone who goes down today is very confused. In a daze There are many people with the same disease, but there is no sleep. A mystery is not enough to pour a family, a family is not enough to pour a country, a country is not enough to pour a country, and a country is not enough to pour the world. The world is full of mystery, which is the best? If you want everyone's heart to be as good as your son's, you will be fascinated. Sadness, debauchery, stench, right and wrong, who can be right? Besides, my words may not be true, but how can the postman who is fascinated by Mr. Kuang Lu solve the mystery of people? It is better to be as glorious as food. "

Note 1 Pang Pang: it's "Pang" with surname. ② Young (Shao Yinshao): Young. Hui: Do "Hui". Item 3: Eat, eat. Rot: smelly. 4 taste: pass "often". ⑤ Syndrome: The symptoms are the same. Yong: Oh, no. ⑦ tendency: it is "positive". 8 Item (Item Phonology): Make "Item". Yesterday. 9. Post: Pass "You". Attending Rong: Sheng, Xiong. (1 1⑥: speed.

There was a man named Feng in the State of Qin. He had a son who was very clever when he was a child, and when he grew up, he got a confused disease. Hearing the song, he thought it was crying; When he saw white, he thought it was black; He feels very smelly when he is fragrant; When he tastes sweet, he thinks it is bitter; When he does something wrong, he thinks it is right: wherever his thoughts go, everything in the world, fire, water, cold and hot, is upside down. Andy said to his father, "Saint Lu has many skills. Can he cure the disease? " ? Why don't you ask? My father went to Lu, passing by. When he saw Lao Dan, he told his son about his symptoms. Lao Dan said, "Where do you know your son's stupidity? Now people all over the world are confusing right and wrong and interests. Many people suffer from the same disease and are not awake. Besides, one person can't destroy a family, a family can't destroy a village, a villager can't destroy a country, and one person can't destroy the whole world. If the world is completely chaotic, who will let it fall? If everyone is like your son at heart, you will be confused. Sadness, debauchery, stench, right and wrong, who can tell? Moreover, Mr. Lu is the most confused. How can we eliminate the confusion of others? Take your dry food, you might as well go home quickly. "

Comment on Liezi Xu Chong Zhen Jing by Liu Song Chen Weng: "It is almost true that forgotten people dream and fans dream, and they have created many fans."

There is also: "to say that you are obsessed with the disease is to forget the previous disease ... that is to say, people in this world are obsessed with greed without knowing it, but they are obsessed with people who have ways."

Ming Sun Kuang commented on Liezi Xu Chong Zhen Jing: "Quick discussion."

There is also: "The narrative situation is good."

During the Republic of China, Zhang Zhichun commented on The Scholars: "People in troubled times can abandon the monarch by exercising their rights, and usurpation can be called abdication. If there is no distinction between superiors and subordinates, father and son will be grateful, marriage will be abnormal, and husband and wife will suffer. If the country is crazy, what can it do? "

And he said, "The meaning is empty."

And: "Write a charming net."

In general, the fable Liezi pays attention to the concentration of content and compact structure, regardless of content and form. This narrative arrangement and dialogue arrangement are all around the word "Fan". Especially the ten sentences of "The world is full of fans", every sentence is turned down and turned into a whirlwind, which is really the punch line of "I am surprised by the surprise". At the end of the article, I added a comment, "Glory (victory) is expensive, if you don't come home soon", which makes the article more glorious. In a short paragraph, the word "Fan" can be seen everywhere, which is also a remarkable feature of compact structure.

Yan was born in Yan, grew up in Chu, and returned home when he was old. After Jin Dynasty, peers fell (1); He pointed to the city and said, "This is Yancheng." His face suddenly changed. Refers to the club: "This is the club in Li Ruo." Is the manner of sighing. He pointed to the house and said, "This place is like an ancestral home." This is a tear. He pointed to it and said, "This is the tomb of our ancestors." He couldn't help crying. The fellow traveler smiled dumbly and said, "I'm sorry for the past. This is the ear of the State of Jin." Its people feel very ashamed. Speaking of Yan, it's even sadder to really see Yan's city meeting and the ancestral grave.

Attention 1: bullying. ② Hun (qiqo sounds sad) Ran: A sad look. ③ Society: Land Temple. ④ Li: Township refers to hometown. ⑤ Make a sound like tears. 6 dumb (Yue's voice is about) Ran: The way you burst into laughter. ⑦ Yesterday: It was a mistake in the word "all". Yi (Dai Yindai): Bullying the weak and fearing the hard. 8 shame: shame. Pet-name ruby more: again. Wei: No.

A native of Yan State, born in Yan State and raised in Chu State, will return to his own country when he is old. When he passed the state of Jin, his peers lied to him; He pointed to the city and said, "This is Yancheng." A sad expression appeared on the man's face. He pointed to the land temple and said, "This is the land temple in your hometown." The man gave a long sigh. He pointed to the house and said, "This is the house of your ancestors." The man burst into tears. He pointed to the high mound and said, "This is the tomb of your ancestors." The man burst into tears. People in the same trade burst into laughter and said, "I lied to you." This is the state of Jin. " This man is very ashamed. When I arrived in Yan State, I really saw the city god temple in Yan State, and I really saw the houses and graves of my ancestors, but my sadness was alleviated.

Comment on Liezi Xu Chong Zhen Jing by Liu Song Chen Weng: "Very interesting. This is similar to an obedient boy who goes down a well. He is sincere. He knows what sadness and joy are from birth and forgets them. How to follow people's feelings! On the contrary, compassion appears in the middle, and it is accidental to take it from there. "

There is also: "This passage covers that people have no true opinions, or that falsehood is right and really wrong. According to this paragraph, language is extremely extreme and must be listed in the book. "

Sun Ming Miner's comment on Liezi Xu Chong Zhen Jing: "Just describe the situation in detail."

During the Republic of China, Zhang Zhichun commented on Records of Talented Persons: "People's hearts are sad and overused, which is unsustainable. Therefore, the ancients used learning to maintain their temperament in order to preserve it, because it was not tied to the success of pitching. "

Generally speaking, this fable does not exceed 100 words, which is similar to a very short novel. It completely adopts the technique of direct narration and line drawing, but vividly writes a story of Yan people returning to their hometown, which makes both colleagues and readers laugh. After laughing, I realized a truth: if there is no truth in people's hearts, it is wrong to treat the fake as right and the real as wrong; Or: people are sad, they have been used too much, and will not continue in the future.