Is Jiang Ziya Dongyi?

Dongyi was originally called the Oriental Tribe by tribes in the Central Plains, because there are nine major tribes called Jiuyi. With the integration of Dongyi and Huaxia in the Zhou Dynasty, Dongyi continued to be a general term for foreign nationalities in the East after Qin Dynasty. Its recognition range has also changed. From Shandong, eastern Henan, northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu in the period of the Yellow Emperor, to the northeast of Qin and Han Dynasties, the Korean Peninsula (North Korea and South Korea think that modern Koreans may be a branch of Dongyi) and the Japanese archipelago. Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Dongyi respectively included Fu Yu, Koguryo, Dwelling House, Dongguo, Sanhan and Lou. Don Du You classified Korea, Silla, Japan, Koguryo and Liu Qiu. As Dongyi in the canon, Japan, Korea and Ryukyu were classified as Dongyi in the Ming Dynasty. But there are cultural similarities between them, such as bird totem worship, bird legend, stone tomb culture and so on. Therefore, it is not only a matter of orientation to call the latter a foreigner.

Jiang Taigong is the 54th grandson of Shennong in Yan Di and the 36th grandson of Boyi. Zhou Wenwang, King Wu, Cheng Wang and Kang Wang are four generations of masters, Qi Wang, and his wife's name is Shen Jiang. * * * There are 13 sons (Ding, Ren, Nian, Qi, Fang, Shao, Luo, Ming, Qing, Yi, Shang, Qi, Zuo), and the female city is Princess Jiang, left. In BC 12 1 1 year, Geng Ding of Yin Dynasty was born in Rizhao City, Shandong Province in eight years. Zhou Kangwang died in Chen Wunian (BC 1072) in Haojiang, the capital of Zhou Dynasty, at the age of 139. The tomb is located in Zhouling Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, away from Wang Wenling1km; There is a cenotaph in Jiang Taigong Temple in Linzi, Zibo.

Jiang Taigong was poor all his life, but he hesitated to choose a master. But he was patient, observed the situation and waited for the opportunity. He finally met the master and helped Ji Chang and Xiu De to strengthen their martial arts, so as to prosper the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Wuwang defeated Zhou, Taigong was the strategist, and Konoha fought to destroy the business, making the first contribution. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Taigong was made the monarch of Qi. He managed the country well and built a great country. These heritages still exist, which laid the foundation for Qi Huangong to become the first of the five tyrants.

There are different records about Jiang Taigong's birthplace, mainly East China Sea and Hanoi. "On Mencius Li Lou" said: "Boyi broke out and lived on the coast of the North Sea, ... Taigong broke out and lived on the coast of the East China Sea ... two old people, the oldest in the world." The article "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: The First Time" says: "Tai is also a man of the East." The high note "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: The First Time" said: "Taiye is from Hanoi." The History of the Three Kingdoms in the Later Han Dynasty quoted a natural history as saying, "Taigong came from Lv Wang, and now there is Donglu Township. I am also caught in a thorn, and my pujin still exists. " "Water Mirror Notes on Water" says: "(Wenshui) reaches the west of Chunyu Kun in the north, so Xia Houshi poured it into the country. It is named Gong and Guo. " "Water Classic Note Qi Cheng" says: "There is Donglu Township in the 160-mile east of Juzhou, and the spine is in Langxie Haiqu, and the Taigong King is born." The Water Classic Annotation quoted the inscription of Taigong Temple as saying, "Taigong Wang is a painter in Hanoi." According to historical records and the research of contemporary experts, it is believed that the East China Sea theory is based on more conclusive evidence. Donglu Township should be the birthplace of Jiang Taigong. In ancient times, Lu and Ju were originally a word, and Ju was the surname of Zhou Dynasty, which is now Juxian County, Shandong Province. Donglu Township and Dongluli are located in the east of Cheng Ju and now belong to Rizhao City. Han Zhanghua's "Natural History" clearly marked: "Haiqu City has Dongluli in Donglu Township, and Taigong Wang is also out." The "Haiqu" of the Western Han Dynasty is the "sunshine" now. Yang Bojun, a modern man, made a specific textual research on the Li nationality, and mentioned: "The Continuation of the Four Books of Yan Ruoqu" said:' In Haiqu County, a country of evil spirits in the later Han Dynasty, it was noted that Taigong came out and now there is Donglu Township. Fishing in the spine and Tianjin, its Pujin village. It is also located in Jinjin City, Guang Chuan County, Qinghe Kingdom. What is different is that it is located in Langxie Haiqu, which is a special city. I call it the old city of Haiqu, and it is said that it is in the east of Juxian County, so Taigong lived on the coast of the East China Sea that day and made it his home. Han Cuiyuan and Wuji erected a monument, thinking that Jixian people had made a mistake. "("Mencius Li Lou ") is well-founded. In other words, Jiang Taigong's birthplace is in Rizhao and Juxian, on the coast of the Yellow Sea in eastern Shandong, which is exactly where Sima Qian said. According to the historical records of Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, Jiang Taigong's birthplace is now Rizhao City. According to the historical records of the Lushi Clan World Research Association (including Jiang Taigong and other foreign Lushi), Jiang Taigong was born in Rizhao, Shandong. Mr. Jiang, a famous professor of National Defense University and a descendant of Mr. Wang, is one of the highest authorities on Jiang Taigong studies in China. After years of research, he confirmed that Jiang Taigong was born in Rizhao, Shandong.

The Water Classic Annotation quoted the inscription of Taigong Temple as saying, "Taigong Wang is a painter in Hanoi." The article "Lu Chunqiu Timing" said: "Thai Wang Gong is also from Hanoi." Historical Records Qi Taigong Family: "Taigong Lv Wang Yan, Lord of the East China Sea." Weihui City belonged to Hanoi County before the Republic of China, and 1988 was formerly called Jixian County. There is a place name "Donghai" near Weihui, which is evidenced by inscriptions. Jiang Taigong, unearthed in Ji Jun County of the Western Jin Dynasty, was named "Wei Jiyi". (Lv Village, Taigongquan Town, Weihui City)

Textual research on Jiang Shang-year of death

Jiang Taigong was a key figure in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. There are different opinions about the cause of his death, ranging from 80 to 90 years old to 130 years old. The reason is that there are limited literature records and lack of chronology for reference. In addition, there is a similar situation about the age of Zhou Wenwang and others, which is closely related to the study of the death of Taigong. The dating project of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties found a "lost chronology", which can be used for new exploration.

First, the general scope of squire's death

Historical materials before the Spring and Autumn Period, such as Shangshu, Yijing, Shijing, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen, etc. There is no explicit reference to the age of Taigong. From the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, Jiang Taigong, who met Zhou Wenwang for the first time, was described as an old man, although the degree of describing the old man was different. For example, Xunzi and Biography of Han Poems said that when I first met King Wen, Taigong was "my wife was seventy-two years old, but her teeth fell out." "Wei Liaozi" said that "King Tai Gong" was in his seventies and "met Wang Wen". Mencius said: Taigong and Shuqi are "two old people, the oldest in the world." "Songs of the South" said: "Tai Gong is ninety years old, and I have never met him." "Historical Records" said: "Gai Taigong died for more than a hundred years." Huainanzi said: "Lu merchants make the old people excited, and care makes the baby stubborn." Respect each other by class. " In Shuo Yuan, there are Tai Gong Wang's Seventy Years Week, Ninety Years Qi, etc.

However, I recently read an article on the Internet entitled "Longevity of Jiang Taigong" (see Xinxiang Historical and Cultural Column), but I have a completely different view. The article says:

Gu Jiegang's "The Birthday of Tai Gong Wang" holds that the life span recorded in ancient documents was all nonsense by tourists from Qi State during the Warring States Period. The original meaning of "squire" is "grandfather", but later generations mistakenly think that squire means longevity, just as Peng Zu's name has "Zu" and Laozi's name has "Lao", so they mistakenly think that Peng Zu and Laozi are old people over 800 years old. Moreover, judging from the war scenes and bravery described in the Book of Songs Daming, a 90-year-old man can't do it. Therefore, Gu Jiegang speculated that Jiang Taigong was about 30 years old at the time of Makino War, and finally he was about 80 years old.

We believe that in order to deeply study the specific cause of death of the squire, it is necessary to have a general scope first. We find it hard to believe that "Jiang Taigong was about 30 years old at the time of Makino War, and the last 80 years old" for at least four obvious reasons:

First of all, it is inappropriate to say that Taigong's longevity is "all nonsense from tourists from the Warring States and Qi". As we mentioned earlier, Xunzi, Wei Liaozi, Mencius and Qu Yuan were all Warring States people, all of whom said that Taigong lived a long life, but none of them were "Qi Guo You Shi".

Secondly, only according to the description of the poem "Wei Shi, Wei Yingyang" in the Book of Songs, it is considered that "I was about thirty years old at the time of Makino War", which is obviously too much imagination. Countless people have fought on the battlefield in history. Moreover, I am afraid that the key to the word "eagle flying" is to implement the word "rate"; Taigong himself does not have to "take the lead".

Third, there is a saying that "I was about 30 years old at the time of Makino War", which actually means that I met King Wen at about 20 years old. This is not only incompatible with other classics, but also unreasonable. For example, where did Taigong's experience and strategy come from? How to explain "Lu Ya is in Yin" and "Taigong avoids Zhou and lives on the coast of the East China Sea"? In particular, Taigong's daughter is "Princess Zhou" (detailed later), and there is no landing.

Fourthly, in Historical Records of Qi Taigong Family, there is a saying that "Gai Taigong died for more than a hundred years", which is longer than the deaths of Xunzi and Qu Yuan, and it should be based on other sources, such as Qi Shiji-Qi Cheng. Because, it is impossible for Sima Qian to see that Qi Taigong died in Zhou Kangwang for six years in the Chronicle of Ji Zhongshu.

In a word, it is appropriate to define Jiang Taigong, who met Zhou Wenwang in "Fishing in Weishui" (IV), as an old man, and to preliminarily define his death date as 100 years or more.

To annotate ...

(1) Jiao Annan and Li Jianyi's Biography of Jiang Taigong (Taishan Publishing House, 1998) drafted the death of Taigong "about BC155-1045", that is,1/kloc. "Military strategist and politician" (printed by Hometown Industrial Development Company) co-authored by six people, such as Guo, is scheduled to be1160-1021year BC, that is, 139 years old. The author of the previous book is from Rizhao, Shandong, and the author of the latter book is from Weihui, Henan. Both of them said that their hometown was Taigong's hometown. According to Lu's Genealogy of Surnames in China (Modern Publishing House, Huayi Publishing House, 2002) and Chronology of Ancient Bamboo Books:' Six years in Zhou Kangwang (BC 1073), I hope to die. "Therefore, it is estimated that Jiang Taigong was born in 1967 (BC 12 12)." Thus, the understanding of Taigong's death can be seen.

(2) See the report on the achievements of the Zhou Dating Project 1996-2000 prepared by the expert group of Zhou Dating Project, Beijing Company of World Book Publishing Company, 2000.

(3) For the former, see Sun Tzu's Art of War: On Practice; For the latter, see Mencius on Li Lou and Mencius with all my heart.

(4) With regard to the acquaintance between squire and King Wen, the author once wrote the article "Exploring the Truth when Meeting King Wen", and thought that there was a process of "three points". What I'm referring to here should be the time when Tai Gong and Wang Wen were fishing in the sunshine of Wei River in Historical Records of Zhou Benji and Six Towers of Tai Gong Tao Wenshi.