Why do many people yearn for rural life? Is it because of comfort?

Although? China people have a gift for growing vegetables? This statement is a joke, but we have to admit that it is true. China has been an agricultural society since ancient times. In the era when there was no weather forecast, China people invented the 24 solar terms long ago out of awe of nature and summary of life wisdom, especially in? Divided into two to four? These eight solar terms will be used for divination and sacrifice throughout the country.

In ancient China, the biggest activity of offering sacrifices to social gods was held every year. Country is actually a general term for all kinds of land gods. Sacrificing social gods originated from people's land worship. The ancients thought that the land we lived in and even every kind of food we harvested on it came from the gift of the land god, but there were too many land gods, including the gods of yellow sky, thick soil, country and grain, and it was impossible for human beings to offer sacrifices one by one, so when sowing and harvesting.

In this farming civilization, China people have been striving for self-improvement for thousands of years, and the real historic change was made in the Tang Dynasty. The common people in the Tang Dynasty worked hard all their lives with their backs to the sky and their faces to the loess. Poets have written countless beautiful pastoral poems with their romantic brushstrokes; At the national level, a series of policies have also been introduced to stabilize taxes and state operations by stabilizing agriculture. The agricultural innovation in the Tang Dynasty even influenced the agricultural system of China 1000 years.

Equal field system

Agriculture is related to the survival of ordinary people and the lifeline of the country, and the foundation of agriculture lies in the land. The country naturally needs to properly manage the land, so that all people in the world can have their own cultivated land to support themselves and pay taxes for the country. The land system in the Tang Dynasty inherited the land equalization system in the Sui Dynasty, that is, the system of distributing land according to population.

The land equalization system is divided into Yong Yetian and Kubanden. Yongyetian is private land, which can be passed down from generation to generation, while Kubanden is state-owned land. You only have the right to use it, and you can farm it in your lifetime. When you die, the country will take it back. It is worth noting that although the land equalization system will allocate land according to population, not everyone is entitled to land, and the amount of land obtained by different groups of people is also different. Tong Dian, compiled by Du You in the Tang Dynasty, is the first political book with complete style in the history of China, in which the system of land equalization is recorded in detail:

Ding Nan gave Nagano 20 mu and Kubanden 80 mu? How about 40 mu for the old, 40 mu for the sick and 30 mu for the widows and concubines? Yellow, small, middle and small men and women, as well as old men, sick, sick and widowed, each person is divided into 20 mu of Yongye field and 20 mu of Kubanden. ?

Ding Nan is an adult. According to "Tongdian", adult men in the Tang Dynasty got 20 mu of Yongye field and 80 mu of Kubanden, totaling 100 mu. The elderly, the sick and the disabled can only get 40 mu of Kubenden, and widows can get 30 mu of Kubenden. In addition to adult males, including underage males, if it is the head of the household, Nagano and Kubendan will both give 20 mu.

Of course, these are only for ordinary people. If you make a special contribution to the country or occupy a high position, the land you get will be different:

There are 100 hectares of princes, 60 hectares of officials, 50 hectares of county kings and 50 hectares of officials.

The land of royalty and officials is in hectares. According to the weights and measures of the Tang Dynasty, about 100 mu is 1 hectare, which means that a prince's land in his life is equivalent to 100 ordinary men. Therefore, some people say that it is not so much population as status that divides the land.

Since the country has given you land, it is your responsibility to pay taxes. How many kinds of agricultural taxes did farmers have to pay in Tang Dynasty? Lease, transfer,

ordinary

Rent is to get food, turn to pay silk, and serve it;

Rent millet stones every year. The tune is made of native land, with silk, silk and ribbon (shο) each 20 feet and cloth plus one fifth? Also need to adjust cotton three or two; The man who lost the cloth has three catties of hemp. Ding Fan, twenty years old. If you don't wait, you have to accept it, three feet a day. Old Tang book? Food records

In the Tang dynasty, millet was the staple food, and every adult man had to pay 2 stones of millet a year; The adjustment is based on local production, which can be silk, twill or crepe. It needs to pay 2.3 taels of cotton. If it's cloth, you need to add one-fifth and three kilograms of hemp. Every adult man will serve 20 days in prison a year, but he can do whatever he wants with money. If he doesn't want to do military service, he will hand in silk, 3 feet a day.