In the Song Dynasty, "occupying the road" was neglected, and even the emperor dared to stand in his way.

Zhao Kuangyin was probably one of the most unfortunate emperors. In the ninth year of Kaibao, in 976 AD, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin hosted a banquet in Huiji Garden to entertain his ministers. During the dinner, the old emperor was very happy and chatted happily with a group of ministers. After eating and drinking enough, he drove back to the palace. As a result, Zhao Kuangyin was dumbfounded when he arrived at Tonglifang in the capital of song dynasty. Glared at, the spacious road is crowded with streets, all crowded with vendors, even he Song Taizu such a big ceremonial. Imagine that embarrassing picture. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin is the king of a country, with horses and chariots around him, and his guards are like dragons. As a result, he was blocked in the middle of the noisy road, vendors and pawns were crying and shouting, and the buildings and houses were crowded with people. This is a tragedy for Song Taizu's guards. I want to move forward, but I can't. I felt helpless when I saw the palace in front of me. No, the whole world is his emperor. How to make a detour when you get to your door? So Zhao Kuangyin flew into a rage and glared at him on the spot. But even if he was so angry, he couldn't go straight and had to detour back to the palace. After returning to the palace, Zhao Kuangyin immediately issued a letter to the "urban management officials" of the capital of song dynasty, and severely punished the vendors who occupied the road in Tongli Square and the whole capital of song dynasty. Of course, those illegally built houses can't escape the bad luck of being demolished. This move also opened the historical prelude of China's "urban management". "Continuing the History as a Mirror, Volume 17, Nine Years of Kaibao": On the second day, a banquet was held at Huiji Garden, and the crowd passed through Tonglifang. The road was narrow and the street people withdrew their benefits. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was partially completed in the fourth year of Jingdezhen, Song Zhenzong, namely 1007. A street department was set up in Bianliang, the capital city, to repair the roads in the capital city so as to facilitate access to the city. There are two "commercial officials", the big envoys of Chen Wu, the three types of envoys or both, who are responsible for the smooth flow of roads in the capital and severely crack down on small traders who occupy roads. At the same time, 500 soldiers were sent to perform tasks. Official History of Song Dynasty V: Street Division Pipeline Militia. If the car is lucky, it will be repaired before, and if there is water, it will be diverted. "Continuing the History as a Mirror, Volume 65 Jingdezhen Four Years": In September, the Eighth East-West Division and the Street Division merged into one division. "The Song Dynasty should compile manuscripts and be an important official post": 500 soldiers were recruited to command the streets. There are two officials, led by big envoys or three envoys. It stands to reason that urban management has two sides since ancient times. Not to mention cleaning the streets of the city. On the one hand, it can protect the environment, such as improving sanitation and cleaning up the accumulated garbage. On the other hand, traffic can be unblocked. To put it mildly, it is also of great benefit to the appearance of the city. On the contrary, it is bound to hurt the interests of the people, because many vendors occupy the road for their livelihood. To put it bluntly, it is not easy to make a living, and it is not easy to get up early and be greedy for the dark, so this will stimulate the contradiction between the people and the upper class. Therefore, the work of urban management is very difficult. I don't speak for a certain group, but I have friends who are urban management. In his words, caught in the middle, in a dilemma. You did a good job, and the people called you names. The leader scolds you for not doing a good job. To sum up, it is really thankless, so if there is no big problem, the law enforcement concept of friends is to reason with others first, then solve the small problems amicably, and try to seek everyone's understanding. After all, reach out and don't laugh, talk to people well, and tell the truth, everyone is willing to accept it. In the Song Dynasty, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, the phenomenon of occupying streets and illegal buildings was very serious. Therefore, the rulers of the dynasty attached great importance to this issue, and the establishment of street offices was also aimed at banning or dismantling those who occupied streets and even illegally built buildings beside roads according to law to avoid traffic being affected. Then, how serious was the occupation of roads and illegal construction in Bianliang City at that time? There is a vivid description in Liang Lu's Dream: the city walls are vast, the accounts are numerous, the houses are towering, the buildings are connected, the streets are congested, and the streets are narrow, and most of them suffer from wind and candle. Imagine that the house is next to the house, and most of the houses are very close, even "inch by inch", not to mention the road. The most important thing is that the fire hazard is very dangerous, and a little carelessness will lead to continuous fires. Therefore, the problem of road improvement is not only to facilitate traffic, but more importantly, to consider the possible fire. However, from this passage, we can imagine that the congestion in the capital of song dynasty is really packed. Let's talk about another interesting thing. The street office established in the Northern Song Dynasty has a uniform called "blue shirt". The usual law enforcement activities are as follows: 500 people, all wearing blue shirts, were dispatched by the yamen. When the vendors saw a group of people in blue shirts coming from afar, they immediately withdrew their stalls and fled. So what exactly are these blue shirts for? To sum up, there are two aspects: one is to ease traffic. Because there was no such thing as a traffic policeman in ancient times, and the traffic on the road was dominated by people, no matter how many cars and horses there were, there was no such thing as a traffic policeman, so the street department was responsible for the daily traffic work. Therefore, this large team of 500 people naturally wants to drive the vendors off the road as much as possible to make the road smooth. At that time, occupying the road also had a proper term called "invading the street". Why do you call it that? Because in the cognition of the ancients, the street belongs to public places, and legally speaking, it belongs to everyone in the city, and everyone can walk. Of course, so does modern times. Therefore, if someone doesn't respect public order and good customs and stalls on the road, it is an infringement of the rights of others, so it is called "street invasion". Street Department is the yamen specializing in "street invasion". There are also "table wood" erected on the street as a mark, but any stall operation can not go beyond the scope of table wood erection. Second, health and cleanliness. That's right. The 500-member blue shirt army in the street department is also responsible for cleaning. Usually, they are led by commercial officials to conduct surprise inspections. Then, after the vendors who illegally occupied the road were driven away, the 500 people were responsible for cleaning up the garbage left behind. The Chinese Dream in Tokyo records an interesting story. During the Northern Song Dynasty, whenever the prince and princess traveled, they encountered a mountain of street garbage and unusual mess. The street department immediately sent dozens of capable boys to clean the street with buckets and rags, and it was cleaned in minutes. Then someone will carry a bucket of gold-plated silver to sprinkle water, which is called waterway. "Tokyo Dream Princess Coming Out": When the princess comes out, there are also etiquette curtains and barrier waterways. Every prince and princess comes out, there are ten street soldiers, each with a broom and a gold-plated silver bucket, which is called waterway. So on the whole, this job is not easy. I don't think people in the Song Dynasty need to kneel down to watch the emperor's ceremonial ceremony. The people naturally have no good glances at these blue shirts, and daily abuse and ridicule are inevitable. But on the other hand, these people are also doing these disgusting jobs with the imperial salary. If I have to evaluate them, it's central acid, so you know. To sum up, we can also see that the street agency in the Song Dynasty is not a national law enforcement agency, but only a law enforcement agency in the capital city of Bianliang. Although there seems to be a lot of people below it, with 500 people, in fact, the number of people is very limited for the whole capital city, and only some areas with difficult transportation in the capital of song dynasty are concentrated. As mentioned earlier, Tonglifang has always been a place where vendors gather, and there are many illegal buildings. What's more, it is the largest city in the world, with a population of more than 654.38+0.3 million, but it is not as neat and orderly as Chang 'an in the previous dynasty, and the houses are very crowded, and people live in concentrated places. Imagine how much domestic waste is produced every day. Therefore, when the street department is established, when the problem is serious, 500 people are often lacking. Song Zhenzong clearly raised this concern, and he said bluntly: The work is very heavy, and I am afraid I can't do it well in the future. -"Song Dynasty wants to make up a manuscript to be an official" Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng So in addition to the two main aspects mentioned above, what are the specific affairs of the "urban management"-street department in the Song Dynasty? Subdivided, * * * has the following three points: First, it is responsible for maintaining and supervising the order of Imperial Street. The so-called "Imperial Street", to put it bluntly, is the only way for the emperor. In the Song Dynasty, in order to facilitate the emperor's travel, a special imperial street was set up. However, the capital of the Song Dynasty was so large that when Imperial Street was not in use, it could not be made available to the people. Therefore, in order to prevent the emperor from being congested when traveling, and to let the people use it, the imperial court of the Song Dynasty set up an "imperial corridor" on the Imperial Street, and an isolation guardrail was installed between the imperial corridor and the street. All these road facilities are regularly patrolled by the street department. Naturally, people are not allowed to use the streets. If you want to pass, you must pass outside the guardrail or under the porch. People can set up stalls in the Imperial Gallery and plant flowers and trees between the Gallery and the Street as the green landscape of the Imperial Street. "Tokyo Dream Volume II": Fangxiang Yujie, from Xuande Building to the south, is about 200 steps wide. On both sides are the royal corridors, which are places where old people buy and sell, and are banned by politics and lawsuits. There is a black paint fork everywhere, and there are two rows of red paint forks in the middle of the road. In the middle of the imperial road, pedestrians are not allowed to walk, and pedestrians are all under the porch outside Zhu. There are two masonry waterways in the fork road. There are lotus flowers in Xuanhe and peaches, plums, pears, apricots and miscellaneous flowers in the coastal area. Between spring and summer, it looks like embroidery. Now, when you travel to Kaifeng, you can also see the restored Juniper Royal Street, and you can get a glimpse of the style of that year. The second is to clear the way for the emperor and even the prince and princess. There are full-time staff in the street department to disperse troops in front of the emperor and take charge of traffic command, similar to our current traffic police, but again, the street department is a special city in Beijing after all, so this position only exists in the capital of song dynasty. The emperor's sacrificial ceremony also includes illegal buildings that block traffic, which are also under the jurisdiction of the street department. For example, if you see a shed on the roadside from a distance, which hinders the traffic, then the street department will send someone to clean it up, and even some open spaces outside the store can't be rented to vendors at will, otherwise it will be investigated immediately. Song Yao's Editor-in-Chief: The street secretary always thinks that in the future, the bedroom of two stable shops should not rent out the white rent in the neighborhood, and then let people build sheds, which will hinder the passage of cars and horses. If you violate the rules slightly, apply for root investigation. Third, supervise fire fighting and drainage to eliminate diseases. As mentioned earlier, the roof tiles of the capital of song dynasty are in groups, the mats are connected together, and most of the ancient houses are made of wood. If you encounter candlelight and borrow wind, it may turn into a raging fire, and even if you pour more water, it will be difficult to put it out. Therefore, the daily duties of the street department are not only to patrol the streets, check the road occupation and road congestion, but also to monitor the fire. Once there is a fire hazard, it should be inspected, dismantled or ordered to be rectified immediately according to law. In short, hidden dangers must not be let go, otherwise it will really burn, and it will not be a problem of damaged houses, which is likely to endanger people's lives. "Dream of Liang Lu": Land is precious, lanes are congested, streets are narrow, and most of them suffer from wind and candle. The restoration of sand table in Bianliang City also includes drainage and siltation in rainy days. Although there are not many people on the street, it is really comprehensive and can be called a small expert in urban management. . . Official History of Song Dynasty V: Street Division Pipeline Militia. If the car is lucky, it will be repaired before, and if there is water, it will be diverted. As for the street department, I think everyone knows that it is much more complicated than the current urban management department. First of all, the task is heavy, which can be described as wearing several hats, including not only transportation and urban management, but also fire protection and sanitation. Of course, the motivation is also great. After all, it is the Teli yamen in Beijing, which is responsible for the travel of the emperor and the royal family. Therefore, there are similar travel tasks, and the administrative level is naturally higher according to the imperial power. However, regardless of ancient and modern times, I believe everyone can see that occupying roads and illegal buildings can be described as a complex problem that has remained unchanged for thousands of years. I believe that through this article, friends can also have a certain understanding. The fundamental reason for its emergence, such as the establishment of functional departments such as street departments, is actually something that the population has to do when it develops to a certain number. The larger the population, the bigger and more complicated the daily traffic congestion and garbage problems, and even there are security risks. At this time, the authorities must send law enforcement teams for unified management, otherwise it will definitely develop into a more serious situation. In fact, the establishment of such functional departments is the inevitable result of economic development, especially in Bianliang City in the Northern Song Dynasty. It can be seen that the establishment of such departments has indeed played a great role, achieved certain results, and made undeniable contributions to the urban traffic order and life order. —————— Pay attention to the author: Qian Pinju, learn more historical and cultural anecdotes and take you to discover a bigger world ~! —————— References: "Continuing the History as a Mirror, Volume 17, Nine Years of Kaibao": Yi Si, a banquet was given to the minister in Huijie Garden, and also passed Tonglifang. The road was narrow, and people who invaded the street were removed from it. "Continuing the History as a Mirror, Volume 65 Jingdezhen Four Years": In September, the Eighth East-West Division and the Street Division merged into one division. Official History of Song Dynasty V: Street Division Pipeline Militia. If the car is lucky, it will be repaired before, and if there is water, it will be diverted. "The Song Dynasty should compile manuscripts and be an important official post": 500 soldiers were recruited to command the streets. There are two officials, led by big envoys or three envoys. Liang Luzhi's dream: the city wall is vast, there are many accounts, the houses are towering, the buildings are connected, the land is precious, the streets are congested and the streets are narrow, and most of them suffer from wind and candle. "Tokyo Dream Princess Coming Out": When the princess comes out, there are also etiquette curtains and barrier waterways. Every prince and princess comes out, there are ten street soldiers, each with a broom and a gold-plated silver bucket, which is called waterway. The work is very heavy, and I am afraid it will be difficult to do in the future. -"Manuscripts to be compiled in Song Dynasty Official Posts" and "Tokyo Dream Record Volume II": Fangxiang Yujie, from Xuande Building to the south, is about 200 steps wide. On both sides are the royal corridors, which are places where old people buy and sell, and are banned by politics and lawsuits. There is a black paint fork everywhere, and there are two rows of red paint forks in the middle of the road. In the middle of the imperial road, pedestrians are not allowed to walk, and pedestrians are all under the porch outside Zhu. There are two masonry waterways in the fork road. There are lotus flowers in Xuanhe and peaches, plums, pears, apricots and miscellaneous flowers in the coastal area. Between spring and summer, it looks like embroidery. Song Yao's Editor-in-Chief: The street secretary always thinks that in the future, the bedroom of two stable shops should not rent out the white rent of the neighborhood, so that people can build another shed, which will hinder the passage of cars and horses. If you violate the rules slightly, apply for root investigation. "Dream of Liang Lu": Land is precious, lanes are congested, streets are narrow, and most of them suffer from wind and candle.