Appreciation of the Original Prose of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties "Biography of Sima Qian Qu Yuan Jia Sheng" (Excerpt)

Appreciation of the Original Prose of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties "Biography of Sima Qian Qu Yuan Jia Sheng" (Excerpt)

Qu Yuan's surname is Ping, and Chu's surname is Ping. Chu Huaiwang's left disciple 1. Knowledgeable, strong-willed, know how to control chaos and be good at rhetoric. When he entered the DPRK, he negotiated with the king about state affairs and gave orders; When you go out, you have to meet guests and deal with princes. Wang is willing to do it.

Doctor Shangguan tied for second place with him, competing for favor and hurting his ability. Chu Huaiwang made Qu Yuan a constitutional decree, but Qu Ping's draft was undecided. When Doctor Shangguan saw it, he wanted to take it away. Qu Ping refused, saying, "Your Majesty ordered Qu Ping to make a decree, and everyone knows it. Every order stands, and the merits are flat. " (Yue) He thinks that' you can't do it without doing it'. The king got angry and avoided Qu Ping.

King Chu Ping refused to listen to his illness, and flattery covered up the Ming Dynasty. This evil song hurts the public, and Fang Zhengzhi can't stand it. So he wrote Li Sao 3 with sadness and meditation. Those who leave Sao are still worried. The husband of heaven, beginning of life; Parents are the foundation of people. If you are poor, you will be extremely tired, extremely tired. The illness was terrible, so I did not hesitate to call my parents. Qu Ping walked on the right path, exhausted loyalty and wisdom to serve the monarch, and made the world poor. Believe and see doubt, be loyal and slander, can you have no complaints? Qu Ping's work Li Sao is self-reproach. Guo Feng is lascivious but not lascivious. 4. Xiaoya is resentful but not chaotic. 5. If it is Li Sao, it can be said that it is both. It is called Di Ku 6 above, Qi Huan 7 below, and Tang Wu 8 in the middle to stab the world. The morality of the Ming Dynasty is broad and respected, and it is consistent to control chaos. His words are implicit, clean-minded, mean-spirited, small in words and big in meaning, with far-reaching examples. Its ambition is pure, so it is called fragrant. His behavior is cheap and he can't die. In the muddy mud, cicadas shed in filth, but outside the floating dust, they can't get the dirt of the world. It's muddy, not me. Push this ambition, although it is as glorious as the sun and the moon.

Qu Ping was short, and the late Qin Dynasty wanted to cut Qi 9, and Qi Chu was close to 10, suffering from 1 1, which made Zhang Yi go to Qin 12 in detail, and thick coins entrusted Chu affairs. He said, "Qin hates Qi, Qi and Chu are close to each other, and Chu is definitely Qi. Qin is willing to offer business and land. " Being insatiable and believing in Zhang Yi, he is absolutely Qi, making him like Qin. Zhang Yi lied: "It's about six miles with you, but six hundred miles is unknown." Chu made him very angry and returned to Wang Huai. The king of Qi was furious, and Daxing division attacked Qin. Qin Fa-bing attacked it, defeated Chu Shi and Xi 14, beheaded 80,000, and General Lu Chu worshipped Gai 15, so he took Chu Hanzhong Land 16. Wang Huai sent China soldiers to attack Qin deeply, fighting in Lantian 17, Wei 18, and attacking Chu to Deng 19. Chu soldiers were afraid and came back from Qin. But Qi was angry and didn't save Chu, and Chu was trapped.

Next year, Qin will cut the land of Hanzhong and make peace with Chu. The king of Chu said, "If you don't want to get the land, you'd better get Zhang Yi." Upon hearing this, Zhang Yiwen said, "Take Yizhi as the land of Hanzhong, please go far to Chu." Such as Chu, and because of the thick currency minister Shanxi merchants, and set up sophistry favorite scholar 20. Chu Huaiwang listened to Zheng Xiu and released Yi Cheung. At that time, since Qu Ping was absent, let Qi look back and remonstrate with Chu Huaiwang, saying, "Why not kill Zhang Yi?" Regret the king, you can't catch up with Zhang Yi.

Later, the vassal * * * struck Chu 2 1, broke it and killed its general Tang Mei 22.

At that time, King Qin Zhao married Chu 23 and hoped to meet Chu Huaiwang. Wang Huai wanted to do it, and Qu Ping said, "The country of Qin and Hu wolves is not credible, so it is better not to do it." Zilan, Wang Huai's youngest son, suggested Wang Xing 24: "Why not Qin Huan!" Die pregnant with the king. After entering Wuguan 25, Qin ambush was absolutely backward. Because of the king, in order to cut land. Wang Huai was angry and refused to listen. Zhao 26 is dead and Zhao is not in it. After the restoration of Qin, he died in Qin and was buried.

Wang Li, the eldest son, is 27 years old and Lan Weiyin, the disciple, is 28 years old. The Chu people blamed Zilan for persuading Wang Huai to enter Qin without opposing it.

Qu Ping was jealous of it. Although he let it go, he cared about Chu and the king of Chu, and he never forgot his desire to oppose it. He hoped that one of the kings would realize this and change one of the customs. He wants to save the country and rejuvenate the country, and he wants to repeat it. However, in the end, there is nothing to do and can't be violated, which shows that the king will never realize it. People are ignorant, wise and virtuous, want to be loyal to themselves and help themselves. However, national subjugation and genocide are accompanied, and the saints who have ruled the country for generations are disloyal, and the so-called saints are also immoral. Wang Huai, because he didn't know the difference between loyal subjects and loyal subjects, was confused by Zheng Xiu inside, bullied by Yi Cheung outside, and bullied by trusted doctors Shangguan and Yin outside Qu Ping. Soldiers fell to the ground and died in six counties. They died in the state of Qin and laughed at the world. I don't know about human disasters. "Yi" said 29: "Well leakage has no food, because I am worried, I can lead it. Wang Ming is blessed by it. " How blessed is the king's ignorance!

Yin was furious after hearing this, which made Shangguan doctor call Qu Yuan Xiang Wang for short, and Xiang Wang moved away in a rage.

As for Qu Yuan by the river, he was released to sing on the banks of Zehe River. Haggard and haggard. When the fisherman saw this scene, he asked, "I'm not Dr. San Lv. Am I 30 years old?"? Why are you here? " Qu Yuan said, "It's cloudy, and I'm alone. Everyone is drunk, I am alone, I can let go. " The fisherman said, "A man is a saint. He can coexist with the world without clinging to things. The world is cloudy, why not go with the flow and raise its waves? Everyone is drunk, why not feed them? Why hold Yu and let yourself see? " Qu Yuan said, "I heard that the new bather plays the crown and the new bather shakes his clothes. Who can look at it with his own body, and the recipient is humble! " I would rather go to a regular stream, be buried in the belly and ears of river fish, and be warm in the secular world with my white! "This is a tribute to Huai Sha. Its words say:

Xi, Xia Meng, Tao Tao, has lush vegetation. Sadness is always sadness, gurgling in the south. You are very quiet, very quiet. Grievance is embarrassing, and embarrassment is long; Affection is effective, condescending is self-inhibition.

I feel awkward, but I don't change it often; Yi Chu is from Xi, and a gentleman is contemptuous. Chapter painting job ink Xi, the previous degree has not changed; It's straight and heavy, filled by adults. A skilled craftsman does not cut, who will check it? Metaphysics is mysterious, which means it has no chapter; I am a little embarrassed, but I think I am ignorant. Turn white to black and think of it as the next one. When the phoenix emperor is in the sky, the chicken dances. Like jade, but the same. I didn't know I was hiding my husband's jealousy.

Any overload is prosperous, and stagnation is not good; Huai Jin is rich, but poverty is not. The barking of city dogs is very strange; Fei Jun is suspicious and stubborn. The literary quality is sparse, and the public does not know that I am different; I am a fool, but I don't know what I have. Attaching importance to benevolence and attacking righteousness, Jin Hou thought it was abundant; Zhong Hua can't be embarrassed by 3 1, but I know I'm calm! In ancient times, water and fire were incompatible. Do you know why? Tang Yu is 32 years old, and I can't admire her. Punish violations and change anger, restrain your heart and strengthen yourself; Leave without moving, wishing for an image. When you enter the road, you will feel embarrassed. Worry and sorrow are limited to the truth.

In the chaos, it is mighty, and it is a long way to go to 33, and the road is quiet. Zeng Yinheng was very sad and kept sighing. I know nothing about this world, and people's hearts can't be described by xi. I am affectionate, I am lonely. Bole is 34 years old, how can he ride? Life is destiny takes a hand, everyone is wrong. If you aim high, what are you afraid of? I have been hurt and sad, and I will never sigh. I don't know the world, and my heart is not uncomfortable. Knowing that you can't let go of death may not be embarrassing. Tell sir clearly, I'll think it's almost the same.

So he died (cast) [Shen].

Note 1 Chu Huaiwang: Xiong Huai. He reigned from 328 BC to 299 BC. Left: The official name of Chu State. Participate in state affairs and draft imperial edicts and regulations. 2 Shangguan doctor: Shanxi merchants. Speaking of "Shangguan" is a compound surname, Shanxi merchants are not the same person. 3 Li Sao: Qu Yuan's long narrative poem about his life. 4 "National Style": a part of the Book of Songs. Collected from folk songs, there are 160 folk songs from 15 countries. Xiaoya: Part of the Book of Songs. Most of them were music songs feasted by nobles at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and a few were folk songs that criticized the negligence of political affairs at that time and expressed their worries and indignation. This refers to the latter. Di Ku: The legendary ancient emperor, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, was named Gao Xin. Qi Huan: namely, Jiang, a vassal of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, was the first tyrant among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. 8. Tang refers to Shang Tang, the founding emperor of Shang Dynasty, also known as Tang. Wu refers to the western Zhou dynasty, that is. 9 Qin State: refers to the Qin State in the Warring States Period. Qi: refers to the state of Qi in the Warring States period. 10 from pro: from blind date. During the Warring States period, the vassal states of Shandong jointly fought against the State of Qin, which was called "union". From "Chui" 1 1: refers to Qin people. He ruled from 337 BC to 3 1 1 year BC. 12 Zhang Yi: During the Warring States Period, the Wei people advocated the theory of "Lian Heng" as lobbyists and lobbied the six Shandong countries to serve Qin, which won the trust of Qin. 13 business address: name of the region. In today's Shangxian County of Shaanxi Province to Neixiang of Henan Province. 14 Danhe: the name of running water. The fresh water source comes from the northwest of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province, and Zheshui is its tributary. 15 revision: Chu royal family. Chu Huaiwang was a general of Chu at that time. In the thirteenth year of King Hui of Qin (365,438+02 BC), "Shu attacked Chu in Danyang, captured his generals and cut 80,000". Historical Records Volume 5 Qin Benji. 16 Hanzhong: area name. Today's western Hubei Province and southeastern Shaanxi Province. 17 Lantian: county name. Lantian county, Shaanxi province today. 18 Wei: It refers to the Wei State in the Warring States Period. 19 Deng: name of the city. Southeast of Yancheng County, Henan Province. Zheng Xiu: Also called Nanhou. Chu Huaiwang's most popular princess. 2 1 vassal * * * attacked Chu: it happened in the twenty-eight years (the first 30 1). , Gongsun Zan, South Korea, the three armies attacked Chu, and the Chu army was defeated by the vertical sand at the water's edge. Tang Wei: Other deeds are unknown. 23 Qin Zhaowang: Victory over millet. He ruled from 306 BC to 25 BC1year. Zilan: The son of Chu Huaiwang, and later Ling Yin of Chu. 25 Wuguan: In the northwest of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province. Zhao: It refers to the State of Zhao in the Warring States Period. Xiang Wang: Xiong Heng. He ruled from 298 BC to 263 BC. Ling Yin: The official name of the State of Chu. The highest office of Chu. 29 Yijing: It refers to Yijing, also called Yijing. China ancient divination book. The article is quoted from Yijing Jinggua. Dr San Lv: The official name of the State of Chu. In charge of Zhao, Qu and Jing affairs of Chu royal family. 3 1 Zhong Hua: Yu Shun's name is Zhong Hua. Tang Yu: Tang refers to Shang Tang, the founding emperor of Shang Dynasty, also known as Tang. Yu refers to the founder of Xia Dynasty. Also known as Dayu and Wen Ming. 33 yuan and Hunan: Yuanshui is in the west of Hunan and Xiangjiang River is in the east of Hunan, or Xiangjiang River. Bole: an expert in ancient times. People in the Spring and Autumn Period. 35 ditch: that is, the ditch river flows into Xiangjiang River in the east of Hunan Province.

Qu Yuan's name is Ping, and he is a relative of the King of Chu. He is a leftist in Chu Huaiwang. He is knowledgeable and has a good memory. He is very familiar with the rise and fall of the country and is good at socializing. So when he entered the DPRK, he discussed state affairs with the king of Chu and made laws; Receive envoys from various countries and handle diplomatic affairs with client countries. The king of Chu trusted him very much.

Doctor Shangguan has the same status as Qu Yuan. In order to compete for the favor of the king of Chu, he was very jealous of Qu Yuan's talent. Chu Huaiwang asked Qu Yuan to make an imperial edict. Qu Yuan wrote the manuscript, but it was not finalized and submitted. After reading it, Doctor Shangguan wanted to keep it for himself. However, Qu Yuan refused to give it to him, so he spoke ill of Qu Yuan in front of the King of Chu, saying, "Your Majesty, as we all know, every time a law is promulgated, Qu Ping boasts of his contribution and thinks that others can't do it." Chu Huaiwang was very angry after hearing this, so he alienated Qu Yuan.

Qu Yuan was saddened that Wang heard that it was so closed, that flatterers deceived him, that villains framed good people, and that decent people had no shelter, so he wrote Li Sao with sadness and meditation. Li Sao means to suffer from sadness. God is the ancestor of mankind; Parents are the foundation of people. When people are extremely poor, they must go to their roots, so when they reach the peak of hard work and fatigue, there is no one who does not call for heaven and land; When the pain and suffering are unbearable, there is no one who does not call his parents. Qu Ping adhered to the correct principle and was loyal to the king, but he was alienated by the villain. His situation can be described as extremely difficult. Honesty is doubted and loyalty is vilified. Can he have no resentment? Qu Ping's Li Sao was born of resentment! Although there are many poems describing the love between men and women in National Wind, they are not * * *; Although Xiaoya's works reveal resentment and satire, they do not advocate riots. A long poem like Li Sao can be said to have both. This poem traces the deeds of Di Ku, praises Qi Huangong's great achievements in modern times, and narrates the virtues of Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang in the middle, so as to satirize current politics. This paper expounds the profoundness of morality and the systematic system of political governance, which are all embodied in Li Sao in detail. It is concise, implicit and meaningful, with noble feelings and integrity. Although its writing is trivial, its significance is extremely grand and profound. Most of the metaphors listed are immediate, but the ideas embodied are quite far-reaching. He is simple-minded, so he likes to use vanilla as a metaphor; He is honest, so he will not relax his demands on himself until he dies. Being in the muddy water of sludge can wash yourself, just like cicadas molting in the soil, but floating outside the dust, free from the pollution of secular filth, leaving the sludge clean and pure. It is appropriate to infer his interest, even if he competes with the sun and the moon.

After Qu Ping was demoted by alienation, Qin wanted to conquer Qi, but there was an alliance treaty between Qi and Chu, and Qin Huiwang was very worried. Therefore, Zhang Yi was sent to leave the State of Qin, prepared a generous gift and came to the State of Chu to show her obedience, and said, "The State of Qin hates Qi very much, and Qi and Chu have an alliance treaty. If Chu can break off diplomatic relations with Qi, we Qin are willing to give up the land of 600 miles here. " Chu Huaiwang was insatiable about the land of Qin State, and believed what Yi Cheung said, so he broke off diplomatic relations with Qi State and sent messengers to Qin State to accept the land. Zhang Yi deceived the envoy of the State of Chu and said, "I made an agreement with the King of Chu for six Li, but I didn't hear the news of six Li." The emissary of Chu State left very angrily and returned to Chu State to report to Wang Huai. Wang Huai was furious and sent troops to crusade against Qin. Qin also sent troops to meet the Chu army, defeated the Chu army in Dan and Zhejiang, beheaded 80,000 people, captured General Qu Gai alive, and captured the Hanzhong area of Chu. Chu Huaiwang mobilized the national army and attacked the State of Qin on a large scale. In the Lantian War in Shaanxi. When Wei heard the news, he took advantage of the situation to attack Chu and took Deng directly. The Chu army was afraid and withdrew from the state of Qin. At this time, the State of Qi was finally angry with the King of Qi, and did not come to the rescue of Chu. The situation was very difficult.

In the second year, Qin proposed to cede Hanzhong to make peace with Chu. Chu Huaiwang said: If you don't want land, you will be satisfied. If you want Zhang Yi. Hearing this, Zhang Yi said, "Use my Zhang Yi to go to Hanzhong, and ask your majesty to allow me to go to Chu." When Zhang Yi arrived in Chu State, he gave it to Jin Shang, the powerful minister of Chu State, and deceived Wang Huai's minion Zheng Xiu with sweet words. Wang Huai listened to Zheng Xiu and released Yi Cheung. At this time, Qu Ping has been alienated and no longer holds an important official position. He was sent to Qi as an ambassador. When he returned to Chu, he advised the king of Chu, "Why not kill Zhang Yi?" Chu Huaiwang regretted it, and sent someone to chase Yi Cheung, but he didn't catch up.

Later, the vassal states jointly attacked Chu, defeated the Chu army and killed the general of Chu, Tang Yi.

At this time, the king made an appointment to get married and asked to give birth to the king. When Chu Huaiwang was leaving, Qu Ping said, "Qin is a land of tigers and wolves. If you can't trust, you might as well not go. " Zilan, the youngest son of Chu Huaiwang, advised Chu Huaiwang to go, saying, "Why do you want to cut off the favor of the king of Qin?" Chu Huaiwang finally went. After entering Wuguan, the retreat was cut off by the troops ambushed by Qin, so they were detained and demanded to cede land. Chu Huaiwang was very angry and refused Qin's request. Fled to Zhao, but Zhao did not accept it; He returned to the State of Qin, where he finally died, and his body was buried in the State of Chu.

Chu Huaiwang's eldest son, Qing Xiang, succeeded to the throne and appointed his younger brother Zilan as Lingyin. The Chu people all blamed and persuaded him to enter Qin, which made him unable to survive.

Qu Ping has always been bitter about this matter. Although he was exiled, he was still attached to Chu and missed him. He always wanted to return to his side, hoping to repent and turn over a new leaf and get rid of bad habits. He is eager to keep the monarch, revitalize the country, and want to reverse the weak situation of Chu, so in one of his works, this emotion is revealed many times. However, in the end, he was helpless and could not return to the court. As a monarch, no matter whether he is smart or stupid or talented, he hopes to get loyal subjects to defend himself and choose talented people to help him. However, the country collapsed and countries perished one after another because the loyal subjects they thought were not loyal subjects, and the talents they thought were not talents! Because Huai Wang couldn't tell whether he was a loyal minister or not, he was confused by Zheng Xiu at home, cheated by Yi Cheung outside, alienated Qu Ping, and trusted Doctor Shangguan and Ling Zilan. As a result, the army was defeated, and the land of six counties was lost. He died in the State of Qin and was laughed at by the whole world. This is the disaster caused by incomprehensible people. I ching said: "the well has been cleaned, but it won't come to drink, which makes me sad. This can be used!"! If the king is wise, everyone will be happy. "Chu Huaiwang so fatuous, how can he be happy!

Yin was furious when he heard the above situation. As a result, Doctor Shangguan spoke ill of Qu Ping in front of Xiang Wang, who was very angry and exiled Qu Yuan.

Qu Yuan came to the riverside, with long hair and sad songs, gaunt face and thin body. A fisherman saw him and asked, "Aren't you Dr. San Lv? Why did you come to this step! " Qu Yuan said: "The world is turbid, and only * * * is clean; The world is drunk, only I am awake, and I am exiled for this. " The fisherman said, "A saint is not stubborn about things, but can move with the secular spirit." Since the world is turbid, why not go with the flow and add fuel to the flames? Since everyone is drunk, why don't we drink with the bad food? Why did you end up in exile with the virtue of beautiful jade? Qu Yuan said, "I heard that people who have just washed their hair must shake the dust off their hats, and people who have just taken a shower must shake the dust off their clothes. Who wants to turn himself white and get dirty by dirty things outside? "I would rather devote myself to the ever-flowing river and be buried in the belly of a river fish. How can I let my white character suffer secular pollution!"

So Qu Yuan wrote Huai Sha. Fu wrote: The sunshine is strong in early summer! Vegetation grows luxuriantly. Sadness always fills my chest. I hurried to the south. At present, there is a piece of Wang Yang, so lonely that there is no sound. I am so sad that my heart is stuffy. This sad day is really too long. Ask yourself, behave yourself, and exercise self-restraint when you are wronged.

If you want to hard cut the square wood into logs, the normal laws and regulations cannot be changed. Abandoning the original right path will be spurned by the righteous. Clear norms, remember the statutes, the previous plan will not change. Honest character and correct heart are praised by gentlemen. A skilled craftsman doesn't wield an axe, but who knows it's appropriate? If the black pattern is placed in the dark, the blind will say that the pattern is not clear; Li Lou can see clearly at a glance. The blind man said he was blind. White becomes black and the top becomes the bottom. Phoenix is in a cage, but chickens and pheasants are flying there. Jade and rough stones are mixed together, but some people think there is little difference. The gangster is mean and jealous, and has no idea about my noble sentiments.

It's a long way to Xiu Yuan, and it's too heavy, but it's useless to sink into a bumpy mud pit. I have a treasure in my hand, and there is no reason to show it to others. The dogs in the city are barking. If it is not common, they will call. It is the ugliness of a villain to slander a handsome man and doubt a hero. I have a rough appearance and a simple heart, and no one knows my unique talent. Uncut wood was abandoned, so I didn't know what I was hiding. I attach importance to the cultivation of benevolence and righteousness, especially sincere and loyal. Yu Shun has never been seen again, but I calmly stick to my ambition. It is rare for ancient sages to be born at the same time. Who knows why? Yu Xia in Shang Tang is too far away and too thin to appreciate. Freedom can suppress inner injustice, but restraining my heart makes me stronger. Hard work does not change the original intention, and is willing to set an example for future generations. On the way back to the north, the yellow sunset will set. Endure sorrow and turn it into joy, and the death toll will not be far away.

End: Vast Shui Yuan perfume, flowing and turbulent waves. It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, and the future is boundless. Constant elegy, long sigh and desolation. There is no confidant in the world, so who can I discuss with? I have the virtue of beauty and beauty; Xiangbai, chinese odyssey. Bole is dead, how can a swift horse gallop? There are different arrangements for the fate of life. Be firm and broad-minded. What is there to be afraid of? Heavy sadness, I sigh forever! The world is overcast and there is no confidant. Life is impermanent and not worth mentioning. Knowing that death is inevitable, thinking about not caring about life. Tell gentlemen clearly that I will set an example for future generations. So Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Guluo River in his arms and died.

Comment on Song Hongxingzu's Supplement to Songs of the South Volume I: "Emperor Wu appointed Huainan Wang An as the biography of Lisao, and his book died today. According to Biography of Qu Yuan, "Guo Feng was lewd but not lewd, and resentful but not disorderly. If it is "Li Sao", it can be said that it is both. " He also said, "cicadas shed their filth and float in the dust, which is not polluted by the world." They are muddy, but not me. Although I push this ambition, I will win glory with the sun and the moon. "Ban Meng Jian and Liu Xie thought that Huainan was the king's language, and it was difficult for teachers to pass it on!"

Tao Qingbiquan's Huang Gu Jiang Wen Cun: "Qu Jia Chuan, tragic and tragic. If you read it, you will see this man and the best biography in Historical Records. Although, Shi Gong also wrote his own complaints. In the position of two people, we can see that their communication is appropriate. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, a master of wise men, took Luoyang as a teenager and accompanied Tingwei Wu Gong. He has been here for less than a year, but for Dr. China, he is deeper than a bosom friend. It is a pity to know deeply, but the family planning is raised, and the second is the husband, who calls the ghosts and gods, and the emperor does not let them harm. Thanks to the injury from the fall from the horse, ostriches don't like the way of waiting for the body. However, what about the original sinking? Yue, the original relatives are old, Jin is thin and young, and distant relatives are old and new, which is why the original sadness and deep thought. If you climb the steps of a temple for the first time, you will cry for others, which is rash and not suitable for you. I was confused by the king's ignorance of profits, which is quite different from the seat before midnight! Although loyal to the monarch and patriotic, this heart is a thousand years old. If it is two people, it is really rare. "

Modern Wen Yiduo's Complete Works of Wen Yiduo Volume I Liao Jiping on Li Sao: "Mr. Xie Wuliang said in his New Theory of Chu Ci that I met Mr. Liao Jiping when I was in Chengdu ten years ago. He showed me his new book, New Interpretation of Chu Ci, and said,' There is no such person as Qu Yuan'." The first thing he said was that Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng was wrong. Take a closer look at his whole article. That's not what it means. The facts in his biography are inconsistent, which can neither prove the story of Qu Yuan's origin nor prove the time when Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao.

It is undeniable that the literal meaning of historical records is inconsistent, and people have been skeptical since the Song Dynasty. But there are many similar situations in the book Historical Records. It is absolutely unreasonable to deny the authenticity of their characters one by one on this basis. In fact,' literal meaning does not belong, inconsistent' is just an excuse of Liao. Even if there is no contradiction between literature and history, can this record satisfy him? Doesn't he think Li Sao is a "heavenly study"? But in the historical biography, Qu Yuan clearly talked about "human studies". Historical biography can't replace him, so he denies the existence of the characters in historical biography. His temper is too impatient! In fact, if the author's personality in Li Sao, according to the article in Li Sao, is really inconsistent with Qu Yuan in the historical biography, at best, it can only dissolve the relationship between Qu Yuan and Li Sao. For Liao's sake, let Qu Yuan still exist. Isn't it enough to say that he didn't write Li Sao? In fact, even this book is unnecessary. At least for now, we have to admit that Li Sao was written by Qu Yuan. So, what about Qu Yuan's thoughts? Only Li Sao is the true confession. As long as there is no clear disproof in historical biography, why should it be taken as the default? It is true that the historical biography is inconsistent with Li Sao, but negative disagreement and active opposition are two different things. Why not assume that the historical biography is just an incomplete portrait, in which there is room for the finishing touch? Perhaps it will be more vivid to add Qu Yuan from Li Sao to the historical biography. In this way, Liao's difficulties will be solved automatically, and his points will be completely unnecessary. "

Close friend Liang Qichao's Supplement to China's Historical Research Law page 7 1 Special History of Man: "People who lack too much information, though great and strange, should not be regarded as biographies. Qu Yuan, for example, has a great personality, but his information is poor. Tai Shigong's Biography of Qu Yuan was completely copied from the Preface to Lisao written by Huainan Wang. Biography should be done, but unfortunately there are too few credible deeds. ..... For this kind of person in the history of literature, his position should be, but he can only make a short biography to pay for what is not included in the historical biography; There are suspicious notes for discussion. If you force yourself to do a detailed biography, it will either occupy a full space or involve randomness, but you will lose the original intention of doing a biography. "

Modern Luo Genze's History of Literary Criticism in Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, p.108-10, comments on Chu Ci and its writers: Biographies of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, Liu An's remarks (according to Liu An's Lisao) are lascivious but not lascivious, with a national style, Xiaoya. ) returned with a full load and said, "His words are too small ... so he is not allowed to die."

Interpreting Li Sao with Guo Feng and Xiao Ya is still the inheritance of Liu Anzhi's theory. As for this kind of criticism praising its elegance and purity, on the one hand, it must be the impression gained from reading Li Sao, on the other hand, it is also prompted by Qu Yuan's aestheticism. Although this is an abstract compliment, the later critics of Chu Ci almost did not go beyond this scope, but said it in more detail or specifically.

In Qu Yuan's self-report, besides the tendency of aestheticism, there are also anger and lyricism. At this level, I heard Sima Qian's comments and praises, especially focusing on the point of being angry. ……

This theory of literary genesis is manifested in Huan Tan's "Jia Yi doesn't move to the left without losing his ambition" (see Chapter 2 for details) and Han Yu's "If there is injustice, it will sound" (see Chapter 7, Section 4 for details). It is what some people say now that "literature is a symbol of depression". Of course, the degree of detail varies greatly, but the ultimate meaning of tuberculosis is actually' small differences' and' great harmony'. "

"The General Case" is a tragic case of Qu Yuan, who is talented and loyal to his country, but can't be used because of being slandered. In his works, he expressed great indignation at the ignorance of Wang Huai and others and the fact that court officials were jealous of sages and made mistakes in the country. He expressed great sympathy for Qu Yuan's talent and the ups and downs of his life. In the article, narration and discussion are constant, which is one of the chapters full of strong feelings in Historical Records. Especially between the lines, it also reveals the author's infinite life experience.