Understanding of Zhouyi?

The origin and principle of the word Zhouyi In Tao Te Ching, Zhou is thoughtful and complete, which means that movement changes without results. When Tai Hao and Fu created bamboo slips, they arranged the symbols of bamboo slips (that is, the symbols of Yin and Yang in the current gossip) into a circle, that is, a week, which made it clear that the week was the main part of bamboo slips. The Zhou word in Zhouyi is not used in the Zhou Dynasty, but in the Zhou Dynasty or Zhou surname, using the perfect word "Zhou" in the simple Tao Te Ching. There is no doubt that Zhou characters in Zhouyi have replaced simple simplified characters. The change of everything is the fundamental phenomenon of Yi. Endless and fruitless, it shows that Yi is the change of things, and every change of things has a definite result, which is Yi Xiang. Jane's Zhou and Zhou Zhiyi show that Zhou is Jane's and Yi is Zhou's. In the arrangement of father and son, it is: The Book of Changes. It can be seen that "sketch" is a vocal tool for judging and reasoning. < Zhouyi >> It is said that the birthplace of Zhouyi is Anyang, a world heritage city. Qili City is located at 10 km south of Anyang City. The most basic element of the Yi Gua system is the concept of Yin and Yang, including the nature and state of Yin and Yang. If we ignore the state of Yin and Yang and only talk about their nature, we can use Yang Yao (-) and Yin Yao (-) to represent Yin and Yang. The above-mentioned Yin and Yang hexagrams are overlapped three times from bottom to top, forming eight basic hexagrams, namely, "Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Hui", which are called Eight Classics hexagrams. You can get six hexagrams by overlapping eight classics and hexagrams. * * * * There are sixty-four hexagrams, which are called other sixty-four hexagrams, and each hexagram has a specific name. If we consider the state of Yin and Yang again, the concept of Yin and Yang can be further divided into four situations, namely "old Yin, Lao Yang, less Yin and less Yang", which can be expressed by four symbols, namely "X, O,-,-,-". Each order of each hexagram may have four states of Yin and Yang, so there are 4096 different hexagrams in all the hexagrams changing systems. If all the hexagrams with the same yin and yang properties are put together, 64 subsystems with the same name of the main hexagrams can be formed, which can be called a hexagram system. The content of the text description in the Book of Changes is the interpretation of the symbolic meaning of some Yi hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagrams system and the corresponding judgment of personnel quality (called occupation). Among them, the first item of each divination system is the corresponding static divination, and the last six items (there are seven items in Gankun divination system) are the sequential divination of the corresponding divination system. After Qin and Han dynasties, there was a wrong or vague understanding of it. The books divination and Zhouyi originated from the practice of divination in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Perhaps at the end of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wenwang wrote down the hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagrams system. Later in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' disciples inherited Confucius' discovery of Zhouyi and wrote Yi Zhuan. When Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, Lisi listed it as a medical divination book and preserved it. The invention of using gossip to predict information in Zhouyi is a true portrayal of China people's materialistic world outlook. They know the society, transform it, and promote its continuous development in practice. Therefore, Yi Gua and Zhouyi are a great information base. After thousands of years of vicissitudes, Zhouyi has become the root of China culture. Yi Dao pays attention to the interaction between Yin and Yang, combines rigidity with softness, and advocates self-improvement and morality. In the 5,000-year history of civilization, it is a difficult thing in our daily life that the Chinese nation has been able to endure numerous disasters for a long time, avoid difficulties, recover from decline, and continue to grow and develop, which is closely related to our nation's grasp of the times of Yi Dao spirit. We don't turn to idols, but use the scientific method of gossip to predict information about nature and people, so as to know everything. Zhouyi is a splendid cultural treasure in ancient times, which was used by the ancients to predict the future, make decisions on state affairs, reflect the current situation and measure heaven, earth and personnel. However, this is only a means that the ancients relied on before mastering the scientific method, and it is not a real science. Although some understandings are scientific, it is because they are only scientific and reasonable, but they cannot be said to be scientific. It can only be regarded as a culture. At present, there is still no significant progress in the exploration of the principle of Yi-ology in China, and the theoretical research is stagnant, and the thinking is chaotic, and the practical application tends to be mysterious. The above situation has seriously distorted the academic status of Yi-ology, hindered the benign development of China Yi-ology, and blinded the true value of Yi-ology. The Book of Changes is a classic that can best reflect the culture of China. It holds that everything in the world is developing and changing, and the basic elements of its change are Yin (-) and Yang (-). The Book of Changes says, "One yin and one yang is the way." Everything in the world is the result of the interaction of yin and yang. The research object of Zhouyi is heaven, earth and man, and man is the foundation. Three talents have their own yin and yang, so the Book of Changes has six hexagons. As Shuo Gua said: "Heaven stands for Yin and Yang, the earth stands for rigidity and softness, and man stands for benevolence and righteousness. It's a combination of three talents, so "easy" is stubborn. It is divided into yin and yang, and it is both rigid and soft, so the Book of Changes is six chapters. " Gankun is the divination of pure yang, and Kun is the divination of pure yin. Gan Kun is the general representative of Yin and Yang, and also the foundation of Yin and Yang. In Cohesion, Confucius said that "dry Kun becomes evil" and "dry Kun becomes evil". Yi Gan Wei Zhi Du said: "Gan Kun is the root of Yin and Yang and the ancestor of all things." The ranking of the popular Book of Changes is based on the preface and divination, with Gan and Kun as the first. "Cohesion" begins with: "Heaven honors the earth, and you can do it. Humble and high, with Chen, high and low. There are both movements and movements, and there are just softness. " Classical Chinese is a biography devoted to the study of Gankun's divination virtue, which extends Gankun's divination virtue to the category of humanistic morality. This shows that Gan and Kun are the two most important hexagrams in Zhouyi, and they are also the basis of the philosophy of Yin and Yang in Zhouyi. The origin of Zhouyi As for the completeness of Zhouyi, the book Han Shu's Literary Records says: "The Book of Changes is profound, the people are more sacred, and the world is three ancient." This statement is most accepted by Han and Confucianism. There is a saying in the Book of Changes: "Those who follow the emperor's plan are wise, those who benefit from divination are literary, and those who become famous are Confucius." In short, the theory of "three sages" and "three ancient times" refers to the Yellow River, which reached the sky in ancient times, and now it is a god beast "dragon horse", whose back is covered with magical patterns, and the sage Fuxi copied it and looked up at astronomy and geography as "gossip"; In the Middle Ages, Ji Chang was imprisoned in prison, so he viewed the theory of news of Yin and Yang, emphasized that gossip was sixty-four hexagrams, and made divination, that is, "Wang Wen was arrested and read Zhouyi"; In ancient times, Confucius liked the Book of Changes, lamented that the ceremony collapsed and the music was bad, and wrote ten pieces of Yi Zhuan. Before the Song Dynasty, there were many doubts about those who attached great importance to divination. One person, Wang Bi, thinks that Fuxi's self-respect is sixty-four after painting gossip; Second, Zheng Xuan believed that Shennong attached importance to divination; Third, Sun Sheng thought that Yu Xia attached great importance to divination. It was not until Ouyang Xiu wrote Yi Tong Wen Zi in the Northern Song Dynasty that Confucius was not the only one who thought that there were seven kinds of contradictions in Yi Zhuan: "Although there are many words, it is enough to tell whether the words are good or bad." Those who say this number are also omitted. The rest is slightly different, but the big idea is the same, and you can't win. It is not surprising to say that it was told by various schools of thought, but people in the past took it in order to interpret the classics, so it was not refined. To say that it comes from one person is to breed a lot of words. He thinks the work of a saint is a big mistake. "(see Yi Tongzi Questionnaire III for details). As for the later generations, the wind of doubting the past is gradually rising. In Qing Dynasty, Yao Jiheng's General Theory of Yi Zhuan and Kang Youwei's Textual Research on New Learning and Pseudo-Classics both thought that Yi Zhuan was not written by Confucius. In the 1920s and 1930s, famous scholars such as Qian, Feng Youlan, Gu Jiegang, Guo Moruo all thought that the Book of Changes was not written by Confucius, while Mr. Gu Jiegang inferred that it was written from the end of the Warring States Period to the early Western Han Dynasty. Only Mr. Jin insisted that it was written by Confucius. Up to now, there are many records in the Silk Book found in Mawangdui tomb in Changsha that indirectly prove that the author or related author of Yi Zhuan is Confucius, which needs further textual research, but we should also warn those who blindly doubt the past. On the other hand, the origin of the name of Zhouyi is also controversial. There have always been two versions of the word "Zhou". One is the Zhou Dynasty, and the other is Zhou Pu. The implication of the former is that Zhouyi is a book of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The reason is that there is a cloud in "The Rites of Zhou": "The method of too three changes, one is Lianshan, the other is Renzang, and the third is Zhouyi", and this theory holds that Lianshan is a book of divination in Shennong era, and Shennong is also called Lianshan, and Renzang is a book of divination in Huangdi era. The latter takes Zheng Xuan's "A Praise" as an example. "The people who" connect mountains "are endless. People who' return to Tibet' will hide everything inside; The Book of Changes and The Book of Changes have prepared for everything. "So the word" Zhou "in Zhouyi means" Zhou Puzi ". The main meanings of the word "Yi" are as follows: 1. The seal script of the word "Yi" is "(see figure 1 on the right) Xiao Zhuan: Yi", and the motto of Shuowen is "Yi, Lizard Yi, Dragonfly, Guarding Palace". Pictograph. "That is," Yi "is a lizard and so on, which mainly means" change ". Second, Shuowen quoted the master of ceremonies as saying that "the sun and the moon are easy to change", symbolizing yin and yang. Third, the Book of Changes says that the word "Yi" has three meanings: so-called easy, changeable and difficult, that is, simple, changeable and unchangeable. 4. The word "Yi" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins is "(see Figure 2)", which means that Yin and Yang alternate at sunrise. Also depends on "change". Oracle Bone Inscriptions: The Book of Changes is often called the Book of Changes in ancient literature. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, it was listed as one of the "classic" books, and the world respected it as the Book of Changes. It can be seen that the Book of Changes should be based on the principle of "Yi", and various theories are complicated, so there is no reason not to change the news. Contents of Zhouyi The contents of this edition of Zhouyi mainly include two parts: classics and biography. "Jing" is mainly hexagram-shaped symbols and hexagrams. The so-called "sixty-four hexagrams" are formed by the superposition of "Eight Diagrams", and "Eight Diagrams" are formed by the superposition of "Yin" and "Yang". "Yin" and "Yang" in the Book of Changes are intermittently connected in a linear form, namely "-"and "-". The ancients used the category of yin and yang to express many concepts such as cold and summer, sun and moon, men and women, day and night, parity and so on. It is called "the way of one yin and one yang". On the basis of "Yin" and "Yang", the saints piled up their symbols into eight different shapes, named them different hexagrams, and planned to take the corresponding symbols, called "Eight Diagrams" (also known as "classic hexagrams"), as follows: The symbolic meaning of hexagrams is as follows: hexagrams are dry, the sky is strong, the clouds are thundering, and the wind is sinking in the water. When you leave Huogen Mountain, the saints will be happy. That is, there are sixty-four hexagrams (also called "Biegua"), and there are two gossips in each hexagram. The next one is called "Xiagua" (also called "Inner Gua" and "True Gua" in Zuo Zhuan), and the last one is called "Shanggua" (also called "External Gua" and "Regret Gua" in Zuo Zhuan). Each hexagram in Sixty-four hexagrams has six lines, which are called "hexagrams". Shuo Wen Jie Zi says: "You should pay attention"; Wang: "What is a husband? The text has changed. " The original meaning of "stubbornness" is the alternation of yin and yang. Therefore, "-"is called "yin" and is represented by "six"; "-"is called "Yang" and is represented by "Nine". The position of a hexagon is called a hexagon, from bottom to top, that is, beginning, second, third, fourth, fifth and last. For example, in Menggua, the six hexagrams from bottom to top are called the sixth day, the second day, the third day, the fourth day, the sixth day and the ninth day respectively. The so-called hexagrams are words tied under hexagrams, in which each hexagram contains one hexagram, which summarizes the general idea of the whole hexagram, and each hexagram contains one hexagram, which points to the purpose of each hexagram. There are 64 hexagrams and 384 poems in Zhouyi, so there are 64 hexagrams and 384 poems accordingly (because the two hexagrams of Ganzhi and Kunzhi each have the words of "using nine" and "using six", they are merged into poems, that is, a total of 386 poems. Biography is actually a monograph to explain the scripture of Zhouyi, that is, the upper and lower chapters of Zhuan Zhuan, Xiangzhuan, Classical Chinese, Zhuan Zhuan, Zhuan Zhuan Zhuan and Zhuan Zhuan Zhuan, totaling seven kinds and ten articles. Because of its interpretation of Confucian classics, such as the wings of Confucian classics, Han people call it "Ten Wings", and later generations collectively call it "Yi Zhuan". The Biography of Zhuan Xu is divided into two parts, with sixty-four sections * * * to explain the names, words and purport of the sixty-four hexagrams. Wang Bi said, "What's the point of being a husband? Unify the body and clarify the owner. " Xiang Zhuan is divided into two parts along with the upper and lower classics, explaining the divinatory images and mysterious images of each hexagram. The interpretation of divinatory images is called Xiang Zhuan, and the interpretation of mysterious images is called Xiao Xiang Zhuan. The * * * paragraphs in classical Chinese explain the meanings of Ganzhi and Kun respectively, so they are also called Ganzhi Classical Chinese and Kun Classical Chinese. Mainly on the basis of Xun and Xiang, it is further elaborated and expanded. Cohesion Biography is divided into two parts, mainly explaining the essence of scripture and implementing the basic principles of hexagrams. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis and exposition of the Book of Changes. One expresses the subtlety of the Book of Changes, and the other shows an important example of reading the Book of Changes. Zhuan Gua Zhuan is a great book about eight diagrams and images, and it is also an important basis for discussing the emergence and development of images in Yi. The Preface to Zhuan Zhuan is an outline of the arrangement order of sixty-four hexagrams in Zhouyi, which reveals the inheritance and acceptance between hexagrams. In the first half, there are 30 hexagrams from "doing" to "inside", and the Lord says heaven; In the second half, there are 34 hexagrams from "Xian" to "Wei Ji", and the main point is human relations. The Biography of Miscellaneous Gua also said that "Miscellaneous Gua has complicated meanings". Sixty-four hexagrams were reorganized into thirty-two pairs of "intricate hexagrams" to explain the changing law of things in the development of positive and negative relative factors.

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