Details of Malacca State (a first-level administrative unit in Malaysia)

Malacca (Malaa in English, Melaka in Malay) is a state in Malaysia. Malaysia, the capital, was once the seat of the Kingdom of Malacca. Zheng He's six voyages to the Western Ocean are now the throat of the lifeline of Malacca Strait.

According to the World Cultural Heritage Conference held by UNESCO in Quebec, Canada at 9: 30am local time on July 7th, 2008 (9: 30am Malaysian time), it was announced that Malacca was officially listed in the World Heritage List.

The Huangjing Port project in Malacca is under construction.

Basic introduction Chinese name: mbth, Malacca: English Malaa；; Malacca, Malaya Alias: Malacca Administrative Region Category: State (first-class administrative unit in Malaysia) Location: Malacca City Climate Condition: Tropical Rainforest Climate Airport: Malacca International Airport License Plate Code: M Organizational evolution, overview, Malacca Dynasty, colonial period, geographical location, population, nationality, politics, economy, transportation, culture, scenic spots and institutional evolution overview Malacca was called Golofusa from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty. In the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406), the county magistrate Siribar sent an envoy to the above table, wishing to be a county. In the seventh year of Yongle (14 10), Ming Chengzu appointed Zheng He, the eunuch of Sambo, as the king of Manraja (Bayrimmisura), and he never belonged to Siam. In the ninth year of Yongle (14 12), Berimisula succeeded to the throne, and led his wife and 540 followers to pay tribute to Kirin, giving the princess a gold belt, ceremonial ceremonies and pommel horse. In September, King Beli Misura said goodbye, and Ming Chengzu gave a banquet at Fengtianmen, giving him a jade belt, a ceremonial horse, a pommel horse, gold 120 taels, platinum 520 taels, and 402,000 banknotes. Since then, he has paid tribute many times until the end of Chenghua. From Yongle to Xuande, Zheng He went to the West. He took Malacca as his base camp, built city walls, rows of fences, drum towers and turrets, and built warehouses to store money and grain department stores. Zheng He's fleet sailed to Zhancheng, Java and other countries, and first docked in Malacca; When they returned from Siam, Hulu Moss and other countries, they also gathered in Malacca to collect some money and food and store them, waiting for the trade winds to sail back to China. Malacca has preserved many relics of Zheng He, and Bukit China is the place where Zheng He's fleet camped in Malacca. At the foot of the mountain, there is still a Sanbao Temple and Li Hang Pojing, which is said to have been excavated by Zheng He. There is an anti-Japanese monument on the left side of Sanbao Temple, which is inscribed by Jiang Zhongzheng. In modern times, there is a famous site of Zhougang Guild Hall in China. Malacca, the founder of Malacca Dynasty, was Berimisura, a Sambuchi prince who left Sumatra in 1396 to deal with the enemy, the Bessie Empire. According to popular legend, while hunting, Bellamy Sura rested under a tree, and one of his dogs cornered a rat deer (also known as a young deer). In self-defense, the hound was kicked into the river at the last stop. Moved by the courage of the rat deer, Berry Misura decided to build an empire where he sat. He asked his entourage, "What's the name of this tree?" The waiter said, "Your Majesty, this tree is called Malacca, Pocock." From then on, Berysula decided to name it Malacca after the rest tree below. It is worth mentioning that the old logo of Malaysia's second domestic car also has a rat deer. Miriam Sura converted to Islam in 14 14, and was renamed as "iskandar Shah Sultan" (but according to Ming historical records, miriam Sura died in 14 14, and his son succeeded him). It began to develop from a fishing village to the most important port in the region, attracting businessmen from Java, India, Arabia and China, and became a transit point for Sino-Indian trade between the two monsoons. During the reign of Baymisura, the fleet of China's empire and merchants and the residence of China people were all near Mount China, the best place for geomantic omen (divination) in Malacca. Sultan Shah died on 1424, and was succeeded by his son Sri Dajun. Unfortunately, the prosperity of Malacca led to the invasion of Siam. From 1446 to 1456, the leader swallowed thunderbolt and tried to resist. Malacca's development of relations with China at this time is a strategic decision to resist Siam's attack. Malacca has become an important outpost of Zheng He's spectacular voyage fleet because of its strategic position. In order to strengthen ties, Princess Hanlibao arrived in Malacca with 500 followers and married Sultan Mansour Shah (ruled from 1456 to 1477). Her entourage intermarried with local people and mainly lived in China (Mount China) in Bukit. Active trade led to the expansion of native Chinese and spread to other important settlements in the region. On August 24th 15 1 1 During the colonial period, Malacca was conquered by Portugal after its defeat in Afonso de Albuquerque (around Malacca) and became a strategic base for Portuguese expansion in east indies. Mahmud Shah, the last Sultan in Malacca, took refuge in the mainland and attacked the Portuguese on land and at sea, which made the Portuguese suffer a lot. Finally, in 1526, a powerful Portuguese fleet led by Pedro Mas Carrejas destroyed the Sudanese base. Sultan and his family crossed the Straits of Malacca to Kampar, Sumatra, where they died two years later. Francis Shabulio, a Jesuit missionary, stayed in Malacca for several months in 1545, 1546 and 1549. 164 1 year, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese and occupied Malacca with the help of the Sultan of Johor. 1511-1641Portugal 164 1- 1824 Hezhen1824- Location Malacca is located in the southwest of the Malay Peninsula, facing Sumatra, facing Sembilan in the north and Johor in the east. Malays in Chinatown in Malacca: 50%; English: 40%; Indian origin: a large number of ethnic minorities, including the ethnic group named Chitty; Others: Nyaya (descendants of early Chinese and Malays, also known as indigenous Chinese), and descendants of a few Portuguese and locals. These Eurasian people still use the ancient Portuguese called Kristang. The main cities are Malacca, Alolga Jia, Tana Mosque, Ye Xin (Jasin), Merimao, Saibang Island and Kailuo, Eier. The residents of Malacca are mainly Malays, Chinese (Chinese are basically from Fujian), Indians, Portuguese descendants and Eurasian children, who are familiar with several languages. Politics Although the first Malay Sultan came to Malacca, there was no Sultan in the state. The head of state is the governor. Malacca is under the jurisdiction of the State Assembly and the Executive Committee (EXCO). The state legislature is the highest organ of the state. The Executive Committee is composed of members of parliament, with a term of five years, and is responsible to the state legislature. The state legislature is headed by the Governor (Yang Di-Perttu Ann negri). The chief minister is the administrative pillar of the country and manages all administrative affairs of the country. For the sake of management, Malacca is divided into three judicial districts: Malacca, Arroyo and Ye Xin. The economy, tourism and manufacturing of Malacca Strait Mosque are the two major economic pillars of Malacca. The slogan of Malacca is "Traveling to Malacca is like traveling to Malaysia". She has rich cultural heritage and many historical sites. Besides tourism, Malacca is also a manufacturing center. Tamping, 30 kilometers north of downtown Malacca, is the nearest railway station to Malacca. Tambian had a railway connection with Malacca before World War II, but it was destroyed by the Japanese army during the war to build the infamous Death Railway. Although the ruins of this railway are still visible, it has not been rebuilt since the war. There are regular buses from the bus station in Malacca to places on the Malay Peninsula such as Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. She also has an airport in Batu Berendam, Anan, which mainly serves regional charter flights. Ayer Keroh is the main exit connecting South and North Avenue in Malacca, and the other two avenues in Malacca are Alor Gajah and Jasin. Culture Malacca is famous for its delicious food, and overseas Chinese food, which combines China and witch dishes, is even more spicy and mouth-watering. Even many ancient traditional ceremonies since the Portuguese occupation continue, such as insurgu (Water-splashing Festival marking the beginning of Catholic Lent), branyu (traditional dance) and St. cruz (annual street celebration festival). Private medical care in Malacca even serves patients as far away as Indonesia and Singapore. Mahkota Medical Center, Pantai gehrke Luo Hospital, Malacca Hospital and Nanfang Hospital are four private hospitals, and their services have reached the national advanced level. The state * * * is the major shareholder of Southern Hospital. Malacca is characterized by traditional architecture, including many Chinese houses. The streets built in ancient times are still well preserved. The streets are winding and narrow, and the houses are uneven and varied. Many houses are inlaid with beautifully patterned tiles, Swiss lion buttons and dragons inlaid with phoenixes, showing the unique features of the ancient historical capital Malacca. Malacca scenery is a collection of multi-ethnic cultural heritage in the city. Qingyun Pavilion, built by China leader Zheng Yu 1567, is the earliest Malaysian temple dedicated to Guanyin Bodhisattva, Guandi and the Queen Mother, and is the center of religious activities in China. There is a big mountain above China, which is the most complete and abundant place to preserve Malaysian historical sites in China. In addition, there are bukit china, Hang Li Po Well and Sanbao Pavilion in memory of Zheng He, a navigator of China in the Ming Dynasty. Portuguese-style monuments include the ancient city gate of Santiago and St. Paul's church. Dutch-style buildings include Stades Church (now City Hall) and Malacca Museum, which was converted from Dutch houses. The museum shows the thoughts of the King (Sultan) Mansour Sha Jianguo, pictures and words of Zheng He and Princess Han meeting with the King, ancient weapons and rural utensils. The East Kuna Church on the outskirts is a Sumatran-style building with the tomb of Sultan Johor. Map of Malacca, scenic spot, 1. Malacca Administrative Center: Hill Square in Sao Paulo. The executive residence is a Dutch building, built at 1660. On the left side of the administrative residence, there is a high wall decorated with ancient warships. There is a monument to Malacca Volunteers near the administrative center to commemorate the soldiers killed in World War II; In addition, there is a marble monument commemorating the 60th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession to the throne and a plaque of the Dutch East India Company. 2. St. Paul's Church: Located on St. Paul's Hill in the city center, it was built in 152 1 year and is the earliest Catholic church established by the Portuguese in Malacca. 3. Malacca Museum: Located in the east of the city and on the bank of Malacca, it was built between 164 1- 1660, and is one of the ancient Dutch buildings in Southeast Asia. It turned out to be the residence of the Dutch governor. Because its walls and wooden doors are red, the locals call it the "red house". The museum has a collection of historical relics from Malaysia, Portugal, the Netherlands and Britain. Near the Red Mansion is the Malacca Club built in 19 12, which belongs to Gothic architecture, followed by the independent exhibition memorial hall. 4. Qingyun Pavilion: Located in Jalan Tokong, an ancient Malaysian temple in China. Built in 1946, it is dedicated to Tianhou and Guanyin Bodhisattva, also known as "Guanyin Pavilion", in memory of the envoys of the Ming Dynasty in China. The whole temple is made of nanmu structure, carved beams and painted buildings, resplendent and magnificent. 5. bukit china, also known as Mount China, is located at the end of Jalan Temenggung Street. It was the military garrison of Zheng He, the eunuch of Sambo in Ming Dynasty, and also the residence recorded in the official documents of Ming Dynasty when he married Malacca. Baoshan Temple on the mountain is dedicated to the ring statue of Zheng He. Li Hangbao Well on the right side of the temple is the oldest well in Malacca. According to legend, Zheng He led an army here to look for drinking water in 1409. Porta de Sangtiago: Porta de Sangtiago is located in the southwest of Malacca City, near the mouth of Malacca River, where Berry Misura, Sultan of Malacca, presented the Golden Dragon Monument to the founder of the Ming Dynasty in China. Ming Chengzu once named this mountain "Zhenguo Mountain". This mountain is also called "Sao Paulo Mountain". There is an old castle on the mountain, also known as "San Diego Bunker", which was built by Portuguese colonists at that time to prevent the defeated army of Malacca from counterattack. What you can see is a broken wall, only the gatehouse of the castle is still standing at the top of the door. This 30-meter-high tower is carved with many designs of Portuguese troops. Several stone tablets in the castle are well preserved, leaving some historical facts for mankind. On the seashore of Mataja suburb, there is still a village with Portuguese architectural style, where the descendants of the Portuguese live. Surprisingly, they still speak16th century Portuguese. There is a church in Sao Paulo, Portugal, on the top of the mountain. It was founded by Portuguese Governor Aber in 15 1 1, and it is the oldest church built by Europeans in Southeast Asia. The church was destroyed by several wars, but the white square statue of the sage in front of the church is still clearly visible despite the vicissitudes of life. Famosha Castle: The Portuguese built it in 15 1 1 year, and its structure was destroyed during the Dutch invasion. Due to the intervention of Sir Stamford Raffles in 1808, the British gave up the plan to destroy it. St John's Castle: The Dutch rebuilt it at the end of 18, and the artillery of the castle pointed to the mainland, because the threat to Malacca at that time was mainly from the inland rather than the sea. St Peter's Church: Built during Dutch rule 17 10, it is the oldest Catholic church in Malaysia. Facade and decoration are a mixture of eastern and western architectural styles. The clock is 1608 in Goa. Christian Church: Built in 1753, reflecting the Dutch architectural style. There are handmade church benches, seamless skylights, bronze replicas of the Bible, cornerstones written in Armenian and replicas of The Last Supper in this building. Stone Carving of St. Francois Xavier Church: This Gothic Church was built by French priest Paderi Fabre in 1849 to commemorate the arrival of Catholic missionary Francis Shapiro in Southeast Asia in16th century. The Red Mansion: Built in 1650, it is the official residence of the Dutch rulers, reflecting the architectural style of the Netherlands and becoming the "Museum of History and Ethnology". The museum displays traditional wedding dresses and Malacca products, bringing people back to their glorious days. Junker Street: It is famous for its antiques. In order to attract more tourists to Malacca, the state has built many museums to collect rich cultural heritage. Sambo Temple in Malacca: There is a Baoshan Pavilion at the foot of Mount Bukit China near Malacca, which used to be an uncle temple. It was built to commemorate Zheng He, the eunuch of the Three Treasures in China in the Ming Dynasty. Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Ocean between 1405 and 1435. Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Seas and stationed in Malacca five times, which opened the history of friendly exchanges between China and Malaysia. In memory of Zheng He, Malacca called this temple "Sung Hoon Teng/Guangming Cloud Temple". At that time, leaders of the Kingdom of Malacca visited China 25 times. 14 1 1 year, Mrs. Peleliu, King of Malacca, and her 540 entourage paid a friendly visit to Nanjing, China. Judy, the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, hosted a banquet in Fengtianmen and presented him with many precious China specialties. He lived in China for a year and a half. Before he left, the Ming Dynasty specially built a big ship for him. 1943, Mary, king of Malacca, visited China and was also warmly received. Sanbao Temple Sanbao Temple is surrounded by trees, which is very cool and quiet. There are two generals dressed in battle robes and armed with knives and axes painted on the temple gate. They are majestic and heroic. There is a couplet written on both sides of the doorpost: "Five hundred years ago, the scenery was left behind and the spirits were displayed on all sides." In the center of the temple, a statue of Zheng He, dressed in military uniform and wearing a sword, hangs a banner of "Three Guarantees of Zheng He", and there are many statues of military commanders on both sides, expressing the praise and memory of Zheng He by later generations. This temple was built in 1673. The whole building has eaves and walls, red columns and white tiles, which is rich in China national architectural style. It is said that all building materials, even bricks and tiles, are shipped from China. The temple is full of incense. There are a pair of golden lions at the entrance of the temple, all glittering. Only the lion's head, the gold has fallen off. It turns out that believers believe that walking past a lion and stroking its head will bring unexpected good luck. Bukit china: There is a hill not far behind the Sanbao Temple, which is called "Wuji China", also known as "China Mountain". According to legend, Zheng He once climbed mountains and walked here, overlooking the sea and sky, and later generations built the "Sanbao Pavilion" where Zheng He stopped. About bukit china, there is a story about a Chinese princess and a magical well. According to legend, in the middle of15th century, the ruler of Malacca was a young and clever sultan in Wanshoutai. One day, a China ship arrived in Malacca, loaded with gold needles. The captain wrote to Sudan, saying that he was ordered by the son of China to tell Sudan: "Every Jin Baihe represents a great nation. If you can count how many, you will know how powerful I am. " After receiving the letter, the Sultan thought for a moment, ordered a reply, and loaded several bags of Gu Mi on board. The letter said: "If you can count the Gu Mi on this ship, you can accurately guess how many subjects I have, and you will know how much power I have." When Emperor China knew this, he admired the wisdom of the Sultan and decided to marry his daughter Li Hangbo. When the Chinese princess got married in Nanyang, there were no fewer than 500 ladies-in-waiting, all as beautiful as flowers and jade. Sultan Da Yue built a palace for Princess Hanlibao and her maid on a 65-hectare mountain, and named the mountain Zhonghua Mountain, claiming that the place where they lived would always belong to them. Today, this mountain still belongs to the Chinese community in Malacca. Sudan also dug a well for Princess Hanlibao at the foot of the mountain, which is called "Hanlibao Well". This well is not only clear and sweet, but also never dries up no matter how dry the weather is. In order to protect this magical well, the local residents specially built a fence to protect this well, and the well water is clear and pure. There is another story about the origin of this well in bukit china, which was dug by Zheng He when he went to the Western Ocean. Since Sambo Gong drank the water from this well, the well water has become so clear. Legend has it that if you drink the water from this well, go out for a long trip or go fishing, you will have good luck when you encounter wind and waves. Today, it is called "the wishing pool". It is said that as long as you put a copper coin into the well, it will visit here again in the future. Dutch Red House: The Dutch Red House is a red building left over from the Dutch colonial period in Malacca, with thick red brick walls, heavy hard wooden doors and wide stone steps. It is the oldest Dutch building in Southeast Asia. The Dutch red house crosses the Malacca River Bridge. On the east bank of the river, there is a neat square with a red needle tower and a fountain built in Victorian era. The square is surrounded by Dutch red buildings. They are the oldest buildings preserved by the Dutch in the East and were built around 164 1 to 1660. One of the largest ancient buildings is the Dutch Studthuys facing the square. It has been the seat of the * * * organ for more than 300 years, and it was not until 1980 that it was changed to Malacca Museum. Dutch Jaran Lai Shen Hong House, thick red brick walls, thick hard wooden doors and wide stone steps in front of the door. The museum retains historical relics of various periods in Malacca, including ancient Dutch weapons, Portuguese costumes in the 6th century/KLOC-A.D., Malay wedding costumes, gold and silver jewelry and other handicrafts, as well as pictures of various ancient ships moored in the port of Malacca. There are also rare ancient coins and stamps in the museum. Famosha Castle: Due to the intervention of Sir Stamford Raffles in 1808, the British gave up the plan to destroy it. The building was destroyed during the Dutch invasion. The Netherlands ruled Malacca from 164 1 to 1795, but it was not interested in developing it into a trade center, and its importance as a governance center was replaced by Batavia (Jakarta) in Indonesia. Malacca was ceded to Britain according to the 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty in exchange for Benkelon on Sumatra Island. From 1826 to 1946, Malacca was first ruled by the British East India Company, and later it was a crown colony. Together with Singapore and Penang, it formed a strait colony. After the abolition of the crown colony, Malacca and Penang became part of the Malayan Federation (later Malaysia).