How to say college Chinese?

The first section of the second chapter of College Chinese compiled by the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC), Gentleman's Peace without Forgetting Danger, contains four quotations from the fifth, seventh, eighth and eleventh chapters of College Chinese in the Book of Changes, and the title of this first section is also from Gentleman's Peace without Forgetting Danger. The editor's original intention is to use these quotations to educate students' life in peacetime and the ideological quality of home and country. His intention is very good and correct.

But what is Zhouyi? Who did it and when? An objective and comprehensive understanding of these problems will help students to read and understand the classical Chinese prose, so as to better inherit and carry forward our traditional culture.

Since the Han Dynasty, people have always believed that the Eight Diagrams, which are the basis of the Book of Changes, were painted by Fuxi. Zhou Wenwang concentrated 64 hexagrams (some said Fuxi, some said Duke Zhou), each with six hexagrams, and these hexagrams and hexagrams are the Book of Changes.

Bagua comes from the layout of fish on the altar of Banpo ancestors.

Bagua was not painted by Fu, because there was no such person as Fu in history, and the legend about Fuxi was invented by people in Qin Dynasty.

According to the research of anthropologists and sociologists at home and abroad, the earliest culture of human beings is reproductive worship culture. Among reproductive worship, female reproductive worship is in the first place. Ancestors in Banpo lived in matriarchal society, so they practiced female reproductive worship and sacrificed their ancestors' gods with fish symbolizing women, which was confirmed by the fish sacrificial pottery pots unearthed in Banpo.

Under the copula in Chapter 12 of the Book of Changes, there are words like "River drawing, Luo writing, sage writing", and Kong Anguo and Liu Xiang, the Han Confucians, made a mythical explanation: "Fuxi was born in the Yellow River, and his horse was spinning like a star, and the last one, six, the first two, seven, left three, eight, right four, nine, middle five and ten were called dragon maps. In Yu Xia, there is a turtle out of waterinfo, with cracks on its back, the first nine are behind one, the left three are right seven, and the middle five; Right front two, left front four, right back six, left back eight. The line is like a text, and it is based on the method of "Shangshu Hongfan Jiuchou". We can also find out the news of river maps and gossip by removing its mythical elements. In fact, the author of Yi Zhuan tells us two things here: one is that gossip originated from the river map, and the other is that on the basis of practicing reproductive worship and sacrificial culture, the ancestors produced a divination culture of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil.

So, what is a river map? Zhao Guohua, a famous scholar of China Academy of Social Sciences, elaborated in his book "On the Culture of Reproductive Worship" that the river map is the layout map of the data and orientation of nine groups of fish on the altar where Banpo ancestors practiced female reproductive worship. Banpo ancestors practiced female reproductive worship with fish symbolizing vulva. At first, it was in kind. There are nine groups of fish on the altar, that is, there are nine distribution areas, each distributed in different directions, and each group of fish has different data. Later, Banpo people could burn painted pottery, so they used nine painted pottery with fish patterns as sacrificial vessels. The number of fishing lines on each painted pottery represents the number of fish used in the original physical sacrifice. Now let's look at the picture below:

Figure 2 in the middle is the layout of Banpo Fish Altar, and the fish patterns drawn in the figure are abstract fish patterns. Figure 1 is a river map modified from Figure 2. It is a recorded map of the image, quantity and orientation of the altar layout, and then independently mapped, which is today's river map. Fig. 3 is a data diagram separated from the layout of Banpo fish altar.

The fish sacrifice of Banpo ancestors for reproductive worship is not only to pray for reproductive prosperity, but also to seek good fortune and avoid evil spirits out of awe of the gods, which naturally produces divination culture from the sacrificial culture. After the fish altar layout of Banpo matriarchal clan commune was separated from the "river map", it directly evolved into the gossip orientation map, that is, the gossip mother map. Zhao Guohua pointed out: "This includes three meanings: first, the eight symbols of the Eight Diagrams are evolved from the abstract fish pattern on Banpo, and they have the same or the same' image' (shape); Secondly, the original digital meanings of the eight symbols of the Eight Diagrams are also directly derived from the quantitative meanings of the corresponding Banpo abstract fish patterns, and the methods and laws of their' image' representing' number' are consistent; Thirdly, the eight symbols of the Eight Diagrams have orientation meaning, and their original orientation meaning is determined according to the position of painted pottery with corresponding abstract fish patterns in the fish altar. For example, Ganjiu is in the south, Kunyi is in the north, Gensan is in the right west, Dui is in the southeast, Zhenzi is in the southwest, Liu Xun is in the northeast and Ba Li is in the northwest. " In this way, it is clear where the gossip comes from. In fact, it denies the lie of Fuxi's painting gossip.

The river map, the layout map of the ancient fish altar in Banpo, not only has its mysterious orientation significance, but also has its special data significance. The sum of its three numbers, up, down, left and right, is fifteen respectively. This has a great influence on future generations. Also, after the Han Dynasty, there were eight river charts used in the military, and the sum of the eight verticals was 260, which was amazing. The location and data of the river map are so magical, it is no wonder that the myth of "river out of the map, Luo out of the book" will be compiled.

The Book of Changes was not written by King Wen.

Sima Qian said in "Letter to Ren" that "Wang Wen was arrested and played Zhouyi", which was a kind of emotion for himself. Sima Qian has no evidence to prove whether Zhou Wenwang acted according to Zhouyi.

Zhou tribe was a weak and culturally backward tribe in northwest China at that time. When King Wen was imprisoned, Zhou people were preoccupied with revenge, destroying business, and had no intention of playing gossip. In addition, from the Book of Songs, we can know that Zhou people were primitive people in caves when King Wen's grandfather was King Tai in ancient times, and they had no ability to write as profound a culture as the Book of Changes. Even Wang Wen himself, although he is a prince of a tribe, has low productivity, poor material life and backward culture. Also, the Book of Changes did record many things in the Shang Dynasty, but there were also many things in the Spring and Autumn Period. For example, "BOC has no complaints" in the Ninth Five-Year Plan of Xuan and "BOC's sole recovery" in the Fourth Six of Fu are all stories about how my father instigated the stone to save Zheng in the past twelve years and was defeated by the Chu army. If the Book of Changes was written by Wang Wen, how could he possibly know what happened in the Spring and Autumn Period hundreds of years later?

Therefore, the Book of Changes was never written by King Wen.

Confucius has not read the book of changes, which has not yet been produced.

Did Confucius read the Book of Changes? Take this quotation from the Analects of Confucius as proof: "Confucius said: Give me a few more years, and I will learn the Book of Changes at the age of 50. It's no big deal."

Lu Deming's "Classic Interpretation" pointed out that "Lu reading is easy, and today is from the ancient times." That is to say, in the Analects of Confucius, the ancient literature, it is written as "Yi", while in On Lu, the full text of this sentence is written as follows: "Add me a few years, five years and ten years, and I can also get lessons from it, and I can't be worse." In other words, Confucius never read the Book of Changes. There is no mention of the Book of Changes in Laozi, nor in the documents before the Spring and Autumn Period, and there is no word "Book of Changes", which shows that there was no such book at that time. In the mouth of Confucius' direct biography of Zi Si Meng Zi, I have never mentioned the Book of Changes. Why did you suddenly appear here? The words Confucius said were not written by Confucius, but were cultivated by later generations. Besides, Confucius didn't say the word "Kong", but it could also be Xunzi or other "Zi". Since future generations can change "Yi" into "Yi", they can't make it up? In short, Confucius didn't read the Book of Changes, because there was no such book at that time.

Yi is composed of weapons and bows of Chu people in the early years of the Warring States Period.

Who is the author of Yi? According to Guo Moruo's textual research, it was the Chu people who were stubborn during the Warring States period. The surname is stubborn, the arm is a first name, and Zihong (also a bow) is a word. It was he who brought Chu people's Yi Jing Yin Yang Gua to the north. In order to cater to the tastes of northerners, the Yin and Yang hexagrams of the Book of Changes were adapted into the Book of Changes, so there was a phenomenon that two versions of the same thing were circulated. Zi Gong is a disciple of Shang Qu and Confucius. According to Historical Records and Biography of Zhong Ni Disciples:

In a word, the Book of Changes is a witness to the transformation of our ancestors from the sacrificial culture of reproductive worship to the divination culture of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil. From the layout map of Banpo Ancestors' Fish Altar to the river map (the Eight Diagrams Mother Map), after the long-term accumulation of diviners and alchemists in the Xia, Shang, Zhou and Spring and Autumn Period, to the crossbow in the Warring States Period, the sixty-four hexagrams divination was finally formed and created. Because of the lies of Taoist priests and alchemists in ancient and modern times, and because of divination, it is difficult to integrate into people's lives, which is daunting. This is really the sorrow of the Book of Changes, and it is a problem that academic circles should pay close attention to.

These are not my research results, but I have summarized the previous research results, such as Wu Yu's Jing Yi, Guo Moruo's The Book of Changes in the Bronze Age, Gu Jiegang's Zhouyi Guayi, Zhao Guohua's reproductive worship culture theory, etc., with my own recognition and feelings, hoping to be beneficial to college Chinese teaching.