When Beiping was peacefully liberated, Tang Xianzu was the "hard bone" of the Ming Dynasty officialdom.

59 1 year, this comet appeared as an ominous sign, which was also an ominous year for Tang Xianzu. He witnessed the disaster of Taihu Lake, with thousands of miles of bare land along the coast, "white bones cover the river". The imperial court sent hundreds of thousands of silver coins for disaster relief, and sent special envoys to Yang Wenju to express condolences to the victims in Fuxuan. Yang Wenju took this opportunity to embezzle disaster relief funds, accept bribes and betray his official position. The most infuriating thing is that Shen Shixing, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, promoted him to an official and demoted some loyal ministers who dared to expose their empire.

Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in the Ming Dynasty, wrote at the beginning of his immortal masterpiece Peony Pavilion: "I don't know where to go, but I don't stop." The living can die and the dead can live. You can't live with death, you can't be resurrected after death, and you can't love it. "A few strokes can be called the truest and boldest interpretation of love in the ethical era. Tang Xianzu established his position in the literary world with Peony Pavilion. Later generations even compared him with the top western drama masters and called him "Shakespeare of the East".

Regard reputation as chastity.

Compared with the romantic comedy in Peony Pavilion, Tang Xianzu's life is undoubtedly a tragedy. His name is Hai Ruo, and his ancestral home is Linchuan, Jiangxi. Later moved to Tangjiashan.

Tang Xianzu was born in a scholarly family, and four generations of his ancestors enjoyed this literary title: great-grandfather Tang Yi was good at collecting books and writing; His grandfather, Tang Maozhao, is a great novelist, well-read and good at poetry, and is praised as a "famous poet" by scholars. Father Tang Xian is a learned Confucian scholar. He was a famous scholar and bibliophile in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. He attaches importance to family education. In order to promote Confucianism, he also founded Tangjiaxue in Tanggong Temple in Linchuan City, and hired Luo Rufang, a master of Neo-Confucianism in Jiangxi Province, as a teacher to teach clan children.

Tang Xianzu was born in 1550. He was born smart. According to historical records, he is "physically beautiful" and everyone he meets praises him. It is said that you can pair up at the age of five. Neighbors will take the exam and even make a few pairs. There is nothing you can't answer. /kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, the governor rewarded his talent and made him a worker. So he is among the best in every exam. When I was weak, I had finished reading the Five Classics and all kinds of history, and I was proficient in Yuefu and 57-character poems. In addition, bypassing astronomy, geography and medical divination can be described as "all-rounder". At the age of 26, Tang Xianzu's first book of poetry, Red Spring Grass, came out. The following year, the poetry collection Yong Zao was published, which was once famous all over the world. My family is lucky to make friends with him.

Such a talented young man suffered a heavy blow in the imperial examination. 1577 and 1580, Tang Xianzu took part in the imperial examinations twice and both failed. His current reputation is actually the result of the secret manipulation of the then prime minister Zhang.

At that time, Zhang's son also attended the meeting. He had decided to take the Jinshi exam, but at the same time, Zhang hoped to find some talented people as a foil to hide his eyes and ears. After asking, I learned that the most prestigious candidates were Tang Xianzu and Shen Maoxue, so I wooed them and claimed that as long as I was willing to cooperate with him, I could guarantee their high school studies.

Shen Maoxue succumbed to Zhang's arrogance and got what he wanted, and went to the official list with the son of the Prime Minister. Tang Xianzu is honest, honest and self-disciplined. He refused to recruit twice and sarcastically said, "I dare not lose my life from a woman." He thinks his reputation is more important than chastity. In the face of fame and fortune, he would rather give up glitz than be completely innocent. The result of not knowing the status quo is extremely cruel. Tang Xianzu failed in the imperial examination for many years. It was not until the second year after Zhang's death 1583 that he was admitted to Jinshi with a low ranking.

The criticism was directed at the emperor.

I thought my life had set sail from now on. Therefore, Zhang Siwei and Shen Shixing successively became prime ministers, promising Tang Xianzu the position of Hanlin, trying to pull him into the shogunate. Tang Xianzu still refused. He said, "Yu is very strong, so he has no wimp", which means that he is a hard bone and will not compromise.

Those in power are guilty, and Tang Xianzu's official career is naturally full of twists and turns. First, I worked as a sesame official in Beijing. The following year, I was sent to Nanjing Taichang Temple as a doctor. Later, I worked as a etiquette teacher in Nanjing for seven years. Nanjing has been the capital of Ming Dynasty since Emperor Yongle moved the capital. Although there are all kinds of yamen in various ministries, they have no real power and exist in name only, and Taichang Temple is among them. During his stay in Nanjing, although some officials in Beijing invited him back to work, he didn't make it.

Fortunately, although Nanjing has lost its position as a political center, it is still a gathering place for scholars and scholars. Poets, dramatists and artists often meet here to talk about literary theory and art. Here, Tang Xianzu discusses poetry with some people while reading, although he still studies late into the night. So his family laughed at him: "Why is the old doctor a book?" Tang Xianzu replied: "I don't want a doctor, and I don't want a doctor."

Tang Xianzu's pride, awe and loyalty run through his whole career. There is one of his poems in it, which reads: "Liu Yu's business is watertight, so why talk more about chess?" It is said that Liaoyang was born furtively and no one dared to write farewell poems. "He wrote this letter on his way to Nanjing. At that time, Tang Xianzu passed through Dongguang County, Hebei Province, and saw many poems commemorating Liu Tai on the wall. Liu Tai impeached Zhang at will, was arrested and imprisoned, exiled to Guangxi, and died in Dongguang County. After Zhang died, people passed by Dongguang and wrote poems on the wall of the station to express their condolences. In his poems, Tang Xianzu satirized those who expressed their condolences: When Liu Tai was exiled before his death, don't say goodbye. How many people dare to write farewell poems?

Tang Xianzu showed no weakness to the emperor. During his tenure in Nanjing, the emperor thought that officials cheated and ordered him to be suspended for one year. Tang Xianzu immediately wrote a letter, saying that these officials were not all people who ignored the righteousness of the monarch and his subjects, but the North Korean dignitaries stole the imperial power and cultivated party member, and the loyal subjects were not reused. This is the fundamental reason why officials are unwilling to make public statements. Since the emperor wants to investigate the crime of cheating officials, why not investigate the crime of being a government assistant minister? Dare to point the criticism at the emperor, indicating that Tang Xianzu is a man.

59 1 year, this comet appeared as an ominous sign, which was also an ominous year for Tang Xianzu. He witnessed the disaster of Taihu Lake, with thousands of miles of bare land along the coast, "white bones cover the river". The imperial court sent hundreds of thousands of silver coins for disaster relief, and sent special envoys to Yang Wenju to express condolences to the victims in Fuxuan. Yang Wenju took this opportunity to embezzle disaster relief funds, accept bribes and betray his official position. The most infuriating thing is that Shen Shixing, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, promoted him to an official and demoted some loyal ministers who dared to expose their empire. Tang Xianzu's repressed dissatisfaction can no longer be concealed. He wrote a book, waving "About Depriving Assistant Ministers and Ministers of Power", pointed out the misconduct of Shen Shixing and others, and called for a thorough investigation of Yang Wenju and other corrupt officials.

The throne, like a bomb, shook the whole court. Some attacked officials were angry and didn't appear in court, while others threatened to resign. The emperor indiscriminately condemned Tang Xianzu for "attacking Fu Yuan in the name of state affairs" and relegated him to xuwen county at the southern tip of Leizhou Peninsula as an auditor.

59 1 year, this comet appeared as an ominous sign, which was also an ominous year for Tang Xianzu. He witnessed the disaster of Taihu Lake, with thousands of miles of bare land along the coast, "white bones cover the river". The imperial court sent hundreds of thousands of silver coins for disaster relief, and sent special envoys to Yang Wenju to express condolences to the victims in Fuxuan. Yang Wenju took this opportunity to embezzle disaster relief funds, accept bribes and betray his official position. The most infuriating thing is that Shen Shixing, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, promoted him to an official and demoted some loyal ministers who dared to expose their empire.

Let the prisoner go home for the New Year.

After receiving the letter of demotion, Tang Xianzu returned to his hometown in Linchuan from Nanjing without his family. Malaria tortured him for four months. At the appointed time, he dragged the newly salvaged body to Xuwen.

Xuwen is located at the southernmost tip of Leizhou Peninsula, with very bad natural conditions and social environment. According to Kangxi's History of Poetry in Ming Dynasty, Xu Wen said that "red mist was blocked by four obstacles before dawn", and the wilderness was full of scary crocodiles and baboons; In addition, it is surrounded by the sea on three sides, with Japanese invasion in the east and toe surveillance in the west. The locals are also folk customs and love to fight. In a letter to a friend, Tang Xianzu said that Xu Wen "all the people who wrote articles for him committed suicide and didn't understand etiquette." "Writing is always bad, but poor people will succeed." He knows that the fundamental measure to reverse this vulgar custom is to strengthen education. On his third day in office, he visited the educational facilities on the spot.

At first glance, Tang Xianzu was disappointed: the county school was in ruins, and students had no school to go to, so rebuilding the academy became a top priority. Insufficient funds, he and Xiong Min, the magistrate of a county, donated money; There was no place, so he chose his own place. Within a few months, the academy was built, "built in the east of the government" and named "Guisheng Academy". He wrote the famous "Leizhou County Records" here, and elaborated his original intention, idea and pursuit of running a school in detail. The article wrote: "know life is expensive, knowing that everything in the world has a price." Therefore, he emphasized personal value.

Tang Xianzu didn't stay in Xuwen for a long time, but he never forgot the Guisheng Academy he founded. Many years later, when he was ill, Xiong Min wrote a letter of sympathy. This makes Tang Xianzu want to go to the south and Xuwen, and stay in Guisheng Academy for a while to see if this academy has trained talents.

In the first year of Xuwen, Tang Xianzu was transferred to Suichang County, Zhejiang Province. He has served for five years and achieved remarkable results. Suichang, with overlapping mountains and barren land, is known as "nine mountains, half water and half fields", but Tang Xianzu shows his talents here. He implements the policy of "benevolent government for the people". Every spring, he prepares good wine, takes a bullwhip to the countryside to persuade farmers, and writes a poem saying: "Any official who whips in spring wants you to whip cattle to learn agriculture. Sheng Huazhi won the grand prize and hit head-on in the new year "; He tried to lighten the people's labor and resist the mining tax levied by the imperial court on people's fat. Three relatives of dignitaries had an autumn wind, and Tang Xianzu only used a plate of fried peppers, a bowl of home-made tofu and a pot of loofah soup to entertain him. He combined virtue with kindness, tolerance and strictness. Suichang will not close at night, and there will be no sundries on the road. "The mountains and rivers are beautiful, people take the Yinshan Road, and spring clouds are everywhere." Officials know, officials know, villagers have nothing to do with lawsuits, and farmers sing three or two songs.

Tang Xianzu was also a rare "human nature" official in ancient China. His two most famous measures in Suichang were "sending prisoners on New Year's Eve" and "watching the lights with prisoners". He opened the prison gate and let the prisoners go home for New Year's Eve and reunite with their families. During the vacation, no prisoner seized the opportunity to escape, and everyone came back automatically; The Lantern Festival organizes prisoners to watch the lights on the river bridge in the north of the city and experience the joyful scene of "singing in the county".

Although Tang Xianzu was very popular, he eventually angered the powerful local forces and attracted criticism from his superiors. In 598, he abandoned his official position and went home. After coming back, he lived in poverty. Sometimes he can only drink porridge, but he points to a bed full of books and laughs at himself: "There is no poverty!" " "He also called his apartment Yu Ming Manor, which is better than Yu Ming's, and raised a person through Yu Ming. The famous Yu Minghua is a true portrayal of Tang Xianzu's life.

How many people have been sad?

In his later years in his hometown, Tang Xianzu completely abandoned the concept of official career and turned from the political stage to the drama stage to devote himself to drama and poetry creation. Living in Yu Ming Concert Hall, sitting with guests and friends and singing in tones may be the best way of life for a generation of opera artists.

At the age of 50, Tang Xianzu wrote an inscription "Guisheng Academy" and performed in Yu Ming Concert Hall. Linchuan City has 10,000 empty lanes, and everyone has read them. The West Chamber has also reduced its price several times. Tang Xianzu created Peony Pavilion and Peony Pavilion successively, and changed the early Conan Collection into Handan Collection, thus completing his Zixiao Collection. 16 16, Tang Xianzu died of illness in Linchuan. According to Zi Chai Ji, there are only four words in his life, "poor and old". Although a bit mean, it is also a true portrayal of this scholar.

As far as writing is concerned, Linchuan's four dreams are equivalent. But as far as circulation is concerned, Linchuan Four Dreams have flourished for hundreds of years. Most of our die-hard fans are young girls with beautiful faces and poems and books hanging on their bellies. At that time, there was a girl who was fascinated by The Peony Pavilion. It is said that because of her love of literature, she imagined Tang Xianzu as a romantic genius like Liu Mengmei, a hero of the Ming Dynasty, and finally saw that the author was an unfortunate old man who died in despair!

According to Zhang Dafu's records in Ming Dynasty, Yu Erniang, a woman from Loujiang, was beautiful and educated, but she was unmarried. Her lifelong hobby is reading the peony pavilion. She annotated the reading experience of a whole book in small print. Over time, I feel sad about my life experience and deeply hate that I can't marry Du Like Li Niang. 17 died. After learning the news, Tang Xianzu wrote a letter to the Peony Pavilion to express his condolences. The Ming Dynasty also recorded a Hangzhou actress named Shang Xiaoling, who was famous for her color art and was best at playing Du Liniang. Her heart belongs to her, but for some reason she can't get what she wants, so she feels depressed and disgusting. One day, I went to Du Liniang Garden to dream, and suddenly fell to the ground and died.

The most famous story in the history of reading is handed down by a poem. There was a woman named Feng Xiaoqing in Guangling who died after watching The Peony Pavilion. A poem he wrote before his death said, "You can't listen to the cold rain, but read the peony pavilion by lighting the lamp at night. The world has its own troubles, and Xiaoqing is the sad one. "

From 0755 to 79000, the Ming Dynasty was the peak of Neo-Confucianism, and a complete moral system bound the women at the peak. Du Liniang, the heroine, is sleepy in the spring day and walks alone in the garden. If she crosses the line, she will be condemned by her parents. In this way, her strong desire and yearning for youth and love, with "love" as the pursuit of life, struggled between life and death, which was in great contrast with the reality of being tied like an iron bucket and could arouse strong repercussions of her contemporaries.

It is not difficult to find that the female fans of Two Women Crying by the Loujiang River often have a bumpy road to love and their lives end in beauty. With the wonderful pen of Tang Xianzu, Du Liniang can fight for love, come back from the dead, and finally achieve a Chinese-style happy reunion, with the best lover, the emperor's marriage and a happy couple. Created the dreams of countless beautiful mothers, but those "beautiful mothers" can only leave their own souls and never reach their own "Peony Pavilion".