Standard Translation and Sentence Patterns of the Classical Chinese "Hongmen Banquet"

Liu bang was stationed in the garrison and never saw Xiang Yu. Liu Bang's Sajima Cao Wushang sent someone to see Xiang Yu: "Liu Bang wants to be king in Guanzhong and let Zi Ying be prime minister. All the treasures are owned by Liu Bang. " Xiang Yu was furious and said, "Reward the soldiers tomorrow and defeat Liu Bang's army for me!" At that time, Xiang Yu's army was 400,000, stationed in Xinfeng Hong Men; Liu bang's army is 654.38+ 10,000, which is stationed on the tyrant. Fan Zeng advised Xiang Yu: "When Pei Gong was in the east of Lushan Mountain, he was greedy for money and lustful, and loved beautiful women. Now that he has entered the customs, he doesn't plunder property or have a crush on women, which shows that he is ambitious. I asked people to go there to see the clouds, all in the shape of dragons and tigers and colorful. This is the cloud of the son of heaven! Fast break, don't lose the opportunity. "

Xiang Bo, Zuo Yin of Chu State, is Xiang Yu's uncle and has been making friends with Sean of Liu Hou. Sean is following Liu Bang at this moment. Xiang Bo rode to Liu Bang's barracks overnight, met Sean privately, told him the details, and wanted to ask Sean to leave with him, saying, "Don't die with them." Sean said, "I was sent by korean king to Pei Gong. Now Pei Gong is in a critical situation, and running away is a breach of promise. I must tell him. " So Sean went in and told Liu Bang in detail. Liu Bang was frightened and said, "What should I do about this?" Sean said, "Who gave the king this plan?" Liu Bang said: "A boy with short knowledge advised me to say,' Hold the Hangu Pass and don't let the princes in. The land of Qin can be occupied and become a king. So I listened to him. Sean said: "It is estimated that the king's army is enough to resist Wang Xiang?" Liu bang was silent for a moment and said, "Of course not. What's the use? Sean said, "Please let me tell Xiang Bo that Liu Bang dare not betray Wang Xiang." . "Liu said," how do you have friendship with Xiang Bo? "Sean said:" During the Qin Dynasty, he interacted with me, and Xiang Bo killed someone and I saved him. "Now things are critical. Fortunately, he came to tell me." Liu Bang said, "Compared with you, who is older and who is younger?" Sean said, "Bigger than me." Liu Bang said, "Please invite him in for me. I treat him like a brother." Sean went out and invited Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo went in to see Liu Bang. Liu Bang raised a glass to wish Xiang a long life and made an agreement with Xiang Bo to marry his children as in-laws. He said, "When I entered Guanzhong, I didn't dare to take anything for myself. I registered officials and people, closed the warehouse and waited for the arrival of the general. Send generals to guard Hangu Pass to prevent other thieves from coming in and accidents. I look forward to the general's arrival day and night. How dare I resist? I hope you can tell Wang Xiang that I dare not betray Ender. " Xiang Bo agreed and told Liu Bang, "Tomorrow morning, I must personally apologize to Wang Xiang." Liu Bang said, "Good." So Xiang Bo left overnight, returned to the barracks, reported Liu Bang's words to Xiang Yu, and took the opportunity to say, "How dare you come in before Pei Gong broke through Guanzhong first? Since people have made great contributions, attacking them is treachery. It is better to treat him well. " Xiang Yu agreed.

The next morning, Liu Bang took more than 100 people to see Wang Xiang. When he arrived in Hong Men, he apologized to Wang Xiang and said, "I attacked the State of Qin with the general. The general fought in the north of the Yellow River, and I fought in the south of the Yellow River. I didn't expect to enter the customs first and destroy the Qin Dynasty, and I saw the general here again. Now there are villains who make rumors and misunderstand you and me. " Wang Xiang said, "This is what Sakima Cao Wushang of Pei Gong said. If not, how can I be like this? "

Wang Xiang left Liu Bang on the same day to drink with him. Wang Xianghe and Xiang Bo sit in the east, while Yapu sits in the south. The father is Fan Zeng. Liu Bang sat facing north, and Sean accompanied him facing west. Fan Zeng winked at Wang Xiang many times, and repeatedly raised his jade Jue to signal Wang Xiang, but Wang Xiang was silent and did not respond. Fan Zeng got up and went out to call Xiang Zhuang, saying, "Your Majesty is heartless. You go in, make a toast, finish the wine, ask for a sword dance, and take the opportunity to kill Pei Gong in his seat. Otherwise, you are all captured by him! " Xiangzhuang went in to propose a toast. After drinking, he said, "Your Majesty and Pei Gong are drinking. There is nothing in the barracks that can be used for entertainment. Please let me dance the sword. " Wang Xiang said, "Very good." Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and Xiang Bo drew his sword and danced, often covering Liu Bang with open arms like a bird spreading its wings. Xiang Zhuang couldn't have assassinated him.

So Sean went to the gate of the military camp to find Fan Kuai. Fan Kuai asked, "How was it today?" Sean said: "This is crucial! Now Xiangzhuang is dancing the sword, and his intention is always on Pei Gong! " Fan Kuai said: "This is too critical. Please let me in and die with him. " So Fan Kuai rushed into the military gate with a sword and shield. Guards carrying halberds through the gate tried to stop him from entering. Fan Kuai slammed the side shield, and the guards fell to the ground. Fan Kuai went in, lifted the curtain, and stood facing the west, staring at Wang Xiang, his hair bristled and his eyes cracked. King Xiang stood up with a sword in his hand and asked, "What do guests do?" Sean said: "Pei Gong participated in Fan Kuai." King Xiang said, "Warriors! Give him a glass of wine. " Left and right handed him a large glass of wine, Fan Kuai thank humbly, stood up and drank the wine. King Xiang added, "Give him a pig's front leg." Left and right gave him an immature pig's front leg. Fan Kuai buckled the shield on the ground, put the pig leg on the shield, pulled out his sword, and cut it to eat. King Xiang said, "Warriors! Can you still drink? " Fan Kuai said, "I'm not afraid of death. What can I say no to a glass of wine? The king of Qin has the heart of a tiger and a wolf. He was afraid of killing people and punishing people for using up torture, so everyone in the world betrayed him. Chu Huaiwang agreed with the generals: "Whoever defeats Qin Jun first, who enters Xianyang first, is Chu Huaiwang." Now Pei Gong first defeated Qin Jun and entered Xianyang. He dared not use anything, closed the palace, and the army retreated to the overlord, waiting for the arrival of the king. The reason why the general was specially assigned to guard Hangu Pass was to guard against other thieves' access and unexpected changes. Instead of being rewarded by the Marquis, I listened to the slanderers of the villains and wanted to kill those who made meritorious deeds. This is just a continuation of the ruined Qin Dynasty. I don't think the king should take this way. King Xiang was speechless and said, "Please sit down." "Fan Kuai sat down next to Sean.

After sitting for a while, Liu went to the toilet and took the opportunity to call Fan out. After Liu Bang went out, Wang Xiang sent a man named Chen Ping to call Liu Bang. Liu Bang said, "I'm out now, but I haven't left yet. What should I do? " Fan Kuai said, "Don't care about details when doing great things, and don't care about modesty when talking about big gifts. People nowadays are like kitchen knives and chopping boards, and we are like fish and meat. What are we going to do? " So I decided to leave. Liu asked Sean to stay and apologize. Sean asked, "What did the king bring when he came?" Liu Bang said, "I have brought a pair of jade bi and a pair of jade barrels for Wang Xiang. I want to give them to Yafu. They are too angry to give. You provide them for me. " Sean said, "Good. "At that time, the army was stationed in Hong Men, and Liu Bang's army was stationed in Pakistan, four miles apart. Liu Bang left the vehicle and his entourage, rode away alone, and fled on foot with swords and shields with Fan Kuai, Xia Houying, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin, passing through Zhiyang at the foot of Lishan Mountain. Liu Bang said to Sean, "It's only twenty miles from this road to our barracks. I think I'll go back to the barracks before you go in. "

After Liu bang left, he returned to the barracks from the path. Sean went in to apologize and said, "Liu Bang can't stand hard liquor and can't leave face to face. Let me present a pair of white jade and worship it as king; A pair of jade buckets, two worships, dedicated to the general. " Wang Xiang said, "Where is Pei Gong?" Sean said: "I heard that the king deliberately blamed him, ran away, left alone and returned to the barracks." King Xiang took the jade and put it on the seat. Father Ya took the jade bucket, put it on the ground, pulled out his sword and smashed it, saying, "Alas! This boy is not worth * * seeking great things with him! Liu Bang must be the one who won the title of Xiang Wang. We are all going to be captured by him! "

Liu bang returned to the army and immediately killed Cao.

First, ellipsis. For example:

(1) Pei Gong was in the army, but (Pei Gong) did not meet Xiang Yu.

(2) (Pei Gong) After sitting for a while, Pei Gong went to the toilet and was saved.

(3) If the murderer (fear) cannot be removed, the punisher (fear) will be invincible.

If you call me, I have to do it with my brother.

(5) The guards who paid the halberd want to stop.

(6) Break Pei Gongjun for (us).

(7) Do not obey (it) and die.

(8) Lack of vertical shaft and its plan.

(9) Pei (Yu) is the overlord.

(10) Pei Gong wants to be king (in Guanzhong).

(1 1) The general hit Henan and the minister hit Hebei.

Omitting a word or a component in a sentence is a common phenomenon in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, such as (1) inheriting the former subject "Pei Gong" and (2) omitting the subject "Pei Gong" after Mongolia; In classical Chinese sentences, predicates or predicate verbs are sometimes omitted, for example (3), and the verb "fear" is omitted; Sometimes the object is omitted in the sentence, such as (4) and (5). This kind of omission of object (or prefix) is more common, and the pronoun "zhi" is often omitted; It is also common to omit objects after prepositions in classical Chinese sentences, such as (6), (7) and (8), and the pronoun "zhi" is also omitted; In addition, the preposition "Yu" is often omitted in classical Chinese, such as (9)( 10)( 1 1).

Second, judgment. For example:

(12) father, Fan Zeng also.

(13) The son of heaven is also angry.

(14) Whoever wins the title of Xiang Wang will be rewarded repeatedly.

(15) Pei Gongshen Fan Kuai also.

(16) Continuation of the Qin Dynasty

(17) Nowadays, man is a knife and I am a fish.

A judgment sentence is a sentence in which the predicate judges the subject. In ancient Chinese, judgment sentences were generally expressed by nouns or noun phrases as predicates. The most common form of judgment sentence in classical Chinese is "zhe, ye", for example (12), with the auxiliary word "zhe" after the subject and the modal particle "ye" after the predicate to express the judgment mood; There are several variants of this form: "..., ... and", "..." and "... also", such as (13)( 14), which means "also" (such as (14). There are also some judgments, which are not used at all. In addition, sometimes the modal particle "er" is used at the end of a sentence to express affirmation and judgment, such as (16); The usage of "Shi" as a judgment verb is also found in classical Chinese, such as "I don't know if Mulan is a woman" (Mulan Poetry), but it is rare.

Third, passive sentences. For example:

(18) Be captured if you don't do it!

(19) I belong to the present!

In ancient Chinese, a passive sentence whose subject is the behavior expressed by the predicate verb is called a passive sentence, and the preposition "Yu" is often used to express passivity, such as "regardless of time" (Shi Shuo); It is also very useful to use "see" to express passivity. In ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fourth, the sentence of prepositional object. For example:

(20) What is the king doing? What is the king doing here? )

(2 1) Is Pei Hongan there? (Pei Gong is in Ann? )

Preposition object in classical Chinese refers to putting the object in front of the verb. There are roughly three situations: 1, the pronoun in the negative sentence is the object, and the object is usually placed in front of the verb, such as "fingers can't bend and stretch, giving laziness" (Song Lian's Preface to Sending Dongyang), and "giving laziness" means "giving laziness"; 2. In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are used as the object, and the object is usually in front, as in Example (20) (21); 3. Use the auxiliary word "zhi" or "Shi" to put the object in front of the verb to emphasize the mood, such as "I don't know the sentence, I can't understand it" (the world says) and the idiom "mercenary".

Fifth, the prepositional phrase (adverbial) post-sentence. For example:

(22) Tell things with actions (Tell things with actions)

(23) Cao made people talk to Xiang Yu (Cao made people talk to Xiang Yu).

(24) Liang said, "I am good at being a minister." According to (Yu)

(25) See General here (see General here)

In classical Chinese, prepositional structures are often placed behind predicate verbs as complements. According to the custom of modern Chinese, this complement is usually placed before the predicate verb as an adverbial. Therefore, the post-prepositional structure should be transferred to the front when translating. The above situations (22)-(25) are all the same.