A detailed explanation of Baijia surname and Guan surname

Tube (gu m: n) surname comes from three sources:

1, from Ji, later, taking the country name as the surname. According to a brief history of clans, the origin of China's surname, Guang Yun, Zhou Wuwang established the Zhou Dynasty after the demise of the Shang Dynasty, made his third brother Xian Shu, who was called in charge in history (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province), and established a state, allowing him and Cai Shu to manage the adherents of the Shang Dynasty together. After the death of King Wu, the young king succeeded to the throne. Being too young, Zhou Gongdan presided over state affairs. Guan Shu and Cai Shu thought that Zhou Gongdan's rule was not conducive to the Zhou Dynasty, so they joined forces with Wu Geng to launch a rebellion, which was quickly quelled by Zhou Gongdan. After he was killed, his descendants took his former fief "Guan" as their surname and called it Guan.

2. The surname Ji, followed by the surname Yi. According to the records in Genealogy and Custom Brief, when Zhou Muwang was in power, his illegitimate child was enfeoffed in Qi until Guanzhong, and then his grandson took Yi as his surname. Guan Zhong was a famous politician after Zhou Muwang in the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, he became the prime minister of Qi, helping Qi Huangong to govern the country. The descendants of Guan Zhong are also named Guan, known as Guan.

3. Change his surname from his home. Xibe nationality is Guarga, and Han nationality is Guan.

Ancestor: Guan Zhong. Real name Yi Wu, Zun Zun, also known as Zhong Jing. Yingshang (present-day Anhui) was a famous politician after Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. Guan Zhongyuan assisted Miyako for a long time and shot Xiao Bai with an arrow. Xiao Bai escaped by playing dead, and Xiao Bai returned to China to reign, that is, Qi Huangong. He let bygones be bygones and reused Guan Zhong as a relative. Guan Zhong was very grateful and helped Qi Huangong to carry out reforms. He accumulated wealth through money, respected the king to conquer foreign countries and the world, making Qi Huangong the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Guan Shu was killed because of the rebellion, and his reputation was ruined, while Guan Zhong was famous, having both ability and political integrity, which made the surname Guan Shu, the ruler of Mu Wang, famous all over the world. Therefore, the descendants of Guan Xing respectfully call Guan Zhong the ancestor of Guan Xing.

Second, migration distribution.

It can be seen that there are two main sources of Guan surname, either in or after, both from Ji surname, and they have the same blood relationship. Among many vassal states in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Guo Guan was founded early and died early. Guan Shu was rarely punished, but his descendants disappeared and went to live in different places. At that time, Qilu was relatively rich, most of them moved to Shandong, and some of them moved south to Anhui, northern Jiangsu and eastern Henan. In the Spring and Autumn Period, in addition to Guan Zhong, there was a contemporary father of Guan Zhong, who was also a Qi person. It can be seen that Guan's surname is still dominated by reproduction in Shandong. The surname Guan, Princess Gaozu, Guan Gan and Hou He in the Western Han Dynasty are all recorded in the history books, and Guan Wang Ping Plain should be formed in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guan Hai, the leader of the peasant army, was also a Qi. Often in charge of tyrants, Dunqiu (now Qingfeng, Henan) manages Bo. It can be seen that Guan has been registered in Henan. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guan Si, the former military officer of Shandong Vice Capital, moved to Yanggangba, Zhaoxianli, Ningyang, Fujian (now Zhang Fang Village in front of Ninghua Water). During the Three Kingdoms period, Ning Guan, a scholar from Beihai County (now Linqu, Shandong Province), lived in Liaodong for more than 30 years, and all his descendants stayed there. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to social unrest, some Guan surnames went to Qin Long in the west and Xiaoxiang in the south. According to Guan's genealogy, "Qilu has descendants of Guan Zhong, Huxiang has descendants of Xiu, and Liaodong has descendants of Ning." In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Guan Xing also lived in the south of the Yangtze River, and Guan Chong, the leader of the peasant uprising army at the end of Sui Dynasty, was from Jinling County (now Changzhou, Jiangsu Province). During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Guan family flourished in Jiangnan. At the end of the Five Dynasties and Tang Dynasty, Guan Si hid his descendant Zhen Lang and returned to live in the source of Jiangxi. Later, his descendants spread to Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. In the Song Dynasty, the poet was in charge of construction, followed his father as an official and moved from Longquan to Linchuan (now Jiangxi). In the Yuan Dynasty, Hanlin was in charge of Guangshan in Weikaiji, Henan Province. In the early Ming Dynasty, a branch of Guangshan moved to Xincai. At the same time, as one of the surnames of Sophora japonica residents in Hongdong, Shanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, Guan was moved to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. According to the inscription of Jinshi in Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 55 Guanxing Jinshi in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and 35 in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. Excluding their unique cultural atmosphere, it shows that Guan surname is widely distributed in these three places, with two in Hubei and one in Yunnan. In the north, Juzhou (5) and Gaomi (2) in Shandong, and Xianning (2) in Shaanxi are the majority. This shows the distribution of Guan surname in this period. At this time, some people came to Taiwan Province and lived overseas. In addition, the name of the crown of Shandong is to make a living in Kanto. Today, Guan surname is widely distributed in China, especially in Jiangsu, Shandong and other provinces, accounting for about 63% of the total population of Han nationality. Guan is the140th surname in China, with a large population, accounting for about 0.09% of the Han population in China.

Third, historical celebrities.

Guan Zhong: My name is Yi Wu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi people and Bao were good friends, and he regarded Bao as a confidant. Later, after a good recommendation, he was appointed as the prime minister of Qi State, which helped to establish hegemony. He has been in power for more than 40 years and implemented reforms, which made Qi prosperous and became the first of the five tyrants. He wrote 86 articles about the Pipe.

Ning Guan: A scholar in the Three Kingdoms period, Xu Zhuren of Beihai County, traveled around the world and learned a lot. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the Yellow Scarf Army revolted, he fled to Liaodong and gathered people to speak poetry and write books for 30 years. After returning to his hometown, Wei Wendi wanted him to be a doctor in Taichung, but he didn't agree. Ming Chengzu asked him to come out as a light Luquan, but he didn't agree. His works include Theory of Surnames.

Guan Yu: Song Dynasty official, Quanzhou native. During the period of Chongning, Huang Tingjian was demoted to Yizhou and took charge of Yizhou. He did not shy away from power and kept close contact with Huang Tingjian. Huang Tingjian wrote a plaque of "Zhegui Pavilion" and gave it to him, and said to him, "Your son must be admitted to a bachelor's degree." Later, it succeeded.

Guan Zhan: An official of the Song Dynasty named Ding Fu was born in Longquan. Live in Linchuan. Third, I moved to Shao Qing, Dali, and achieved outstanding results. His works include the first and second episodes of Ding Zhai Draft.

Collateral management: During the Three Kingdoms period, people in Wei Pingyuan (now Shandong Province) were proficient in Zhouyi and were good at divination, which was said to have miraculous effects.

Guan Chong: A native of Jinling County (now Changzhou, Jiangsu Province), he was the leader of the peasant uprising army at the end of Sui Dynasty. In the ninth year of Daye (6 13), Liu Yuanjin led the uprising. He was a servant of Shangshu and died in the army.

Key words: Key words: Longquan (present-day Zhejiang), Song Dynasty official, poet. The official went to Guangdong to carry out punishment, and he was qualified to know the peace envoy of Guangzhou. And "Yang Zhuo Tang Ci".

Guan Zhen: A native of Wujin, Jiangsu Province, was a painter in Qing Dynasty, whose name was Yang Fu and whose name was Song Ya. During the Qianlong period, Hanlin was the governor of grain transportation. Artificial flowers and birds, taking the essence of clouds, are especially good at coloring peony. There is Song Cliff Collection.

Guan Sheng: A native of Rui 'an, Zhejiang Province, was a calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. Gongshu, which won by charm, was famous for learning from Europe and Zhao. Guan: Jiading, Shanghai, a scholar in Qing Dynasty. In the first year of Tongzhi, he was a juren, a poet, a heavy drinker and a good reader. He used to be a scholar in Taizhou.

Guan: A scholar of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period.

Guan Shifu: Song Dynasty poet, born in Longquan (now Zhejiang Province). He is loyal and brave and good at writing poems. Song Shenzong wanted to give him an official position, but he didn't accept it. Call Mr. Wo Yun. His works include White Clouds.

Guan Daosheng: A famous female painter in Yuan Dynasty. Wu Xingren was named Mrs. Wei, also known as Mrs. He is good at painting plums and landscapes. She has also made great achievements in calligraphy and is good at writing running scripts.

Guan: An official of the Song Dynasty, a native of Longquan (now Zhejiang) and Xining. Know how to build a prosperous army, have good governance, and be justified. Later, he was transferred to assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, senior minister of the official department and Privy Council.

Guan Shimin: A native of Huating, Songjiang (now Shanghai), was an official in the Ming Dynasty. He has been an ambassador to the Chu government for more than 40 years. He is loyal and sincere, meticulous in handling major issues, diligent and honest, and deeply loved by the people.

Guan Songtao: Juye, born in 1902 and died in 1966 and 1955, was awarded the rank of major general by the Central Military Commission.

Guan: Gaomi, Shandong, a famous contemporary writer, pen name Mo Yan. /kloc-began to write novels in 0/982. His works include Transparent Carrots, Red Sorghum, Swing Up, Ball Lightning, Kaoliang Liquor, Dog Road, etc. Created an art world in Gaomi Northeast Township. Mo Yan's novels often use symbols and freehand brushwork to express his understanding, feelings, ideals and wishes about the world life.

Fourth, the county hall number

Wang Jun 1

Pingyuan County: Pingyuan County was established in the early Western Han Dynasty. It is equivalent to Pingyuan County in the northwest of Shandong Province today.

Jinyang County: Originally the capital of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period, it was later changed to Jinyang City of Zhao State. In the Han Dynasty, a county was established here as the governing place of Taiping County. In today's Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province.

2. Hall number

Kuang Shitang: In the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong was the prime minister of Qi Huangong. He helped Qi Huangong to pacify and govern the world. Become one of the famous prime ministers in history. Confucius praised him for "conquering the world", which means saving the world.

In addition, the main hall names of Guan surname are: "Pingyuan Hall", "Baiyun Hall" and "One Hall".

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General couplet of Guan ancestral hall

[Four-character universal couplet of Guan ancestral hall]

Bamboo and pine;

Officials are clean and people are safe.

-This couplet is an analysis of the word "Guan" embedded in Heding Pavilion.

Young and safe festivals;

Guan Zhong is a bully.

-anonymous write guan ancestral hall federation.

The first couplet is Ning Guan. During the Three Kingdoms period, many people in Beihai were blessed with peace. When he was young, he sat on a bench with Hua Xin, a native of the plain. A senior official passed by the door in a splendid carriage. Huaxin put down his book to read. He cut open the mat and sat with Hua Xin, saying, "You are not my friend!" " After avoiding the war, I went to Liaodong. Wei Wendi asked him to be a doctor in Taichung, and Ming Di asked him to be a bright Lu Xun. He resigned. Author of "On Surnames". The Second United Church refers to Guan Zhong, a politician in the early Spring and Autumn Period, whose name was Yi Wu, a word bell and a gifted scholar. On Bao's recommendation, he was appointed as Qing and was honored as "Guan Zhong". Qi carried out reforms, established a system of selecting talents and appointing people according to their abilities, taxed at different levels according to the quality of the land, developed the salt and iron industry with the help of the government, minted money, and managed and adjusted prices. Since then, the national strength has become stronger. Help Qi Huangong to play the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting foreign countries" and make Huan Gong the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Young and safe festivals;

Zhong Cai.

The first couplet refers to Guan Ning of the Three Kingdoms, with the word "You 'an", who devoted himself to studying and stopped at high school. The second couplet refers to Yuan Guan Daosheng, whose name is Zhong You, and his brushwork is clear.

Gong Ming divination;

Guan Zhong is a bully.

-anonymous write guan ancestral hall federation.

The first link refers to the three countries, operating the network, making the word public and good at divination. The second couplet refers to Guan Zhong, who helped Huan Gong become a champion in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was honored as "Guan Zhong".

Plain stone ze;

To Guo Sheng.

-anonymous write guan ancestral hall federation.

Couplets refer to Pingyuan county, a famous family in Guan. The second couplet refers to Guan Zhong, the prime minister of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period.

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[Five-character couplet of Guanxing Ancestral Temple]

Cut a seat, well said;

Rent reduction works miracles.

-anonymous write guan ancestral hall federation.

Couplets refer to Ning Guan, Ming You 'an and Zhu, scholars of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Intersecting with the pear garden in the same county of Huaxin in the plain, I have been abroad, paid a courteous tribute, and tried to study at the same table with Xin. Those who passed the door by Xuan Guan would rather sit with him and say, "Zi is not my friend!" " The second couplet refers to benevolence and kindness, and the word is good, and Longquan people in the Song Dynasty. Ning Jinshi, knowing Jianchang's army, has good governance and is confident. Please reduce rent and tax in Hebei to relieve refugees, and one party will follow it. Assistant minister of relocation. The official ministers know the Privy Council.

Benevolent people leave white clouds;

Ruiying Zhegui Pavilion.

-anonymous write guan ancestral hall federation.

Couplets refer to the Song Dynasty poet Guan Shifu, a native of Longquan. Benevolent, brave, righteous, work hard and surrender to officials. Scholars call Mr. Wo Yun, who has "white clouds". The second couplet refers to the officials of the Song Dynasty and Quanzhou people. During the period of worshipping Ning, Huang Tingjian lived in Yizhou, where he was in charge of Cao Cao, and he did not avoid power and made friends with Huang Tingjian. The word "Zhegui Pavilion" in the Tingzhang book is a reminder. It says: "After the royal family celebrates, there must be people who have passed the examination for Jinshi." After that, it was verified.

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【 Guanshi Ancestral Hall Seven-character Wan Lian 】

Nine rivers princes Kuang the world;

Third, moved to Shao Qingning Guo Bang.

-anonymous write guan ancestral hall federation.

Couplets refer to politicians Guan Zhong and Guan Yiwu in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Yingshang (now Anhui Province) people. First, help Xiao Bai (that is, Qi Huangong) win a position. After the failure, he was recommended by Bao and was appointed as Shangqing. He has been in power for more than forty years, adapting to the situation and carrying out reforms, making Qi prosperous and strong. He devoted himself to the activities of "respecting kings and rejecting foreign countries" and "nine kings", making Qi Huangong the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Article 76 of Guanzi. The second couplet refers to Guan Zhan, an official of the Song Dynasty, named Ding Fu, a native of Longquan, who lives in Linchuan. Tired of being sentenced in Guangxi, he moved to Shaoqing Dali and made remarkable achievements. Ding Zhai's manuscript has episodes A and B.

Wei Guanning is a real celebrity;

Tao sheng female painter in yuan dynasty.

-anonymous write guan ancestral hall federation.

Couplets refer to Guan Ning in the Three Kingdoms. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow Scarf Army revolted, and he took refuge in Liaodong. It took more than 30 years to return to his hometown. Wei Wenpu, known as Dr. Tai Zhong, resigned. Ming Di's enlistment as Lu Xun is also a real resignation. There is a surname, which has been lost today. The second couplet refers to female painters Guan Daosheng, Ming Ji and Wu Xingren in Yuan Dynasty. A word Yao Ji, Zhao Mengfu's wife. Mrs. Wei, also known as. Painting ink bamboo and orchid plum, clear brushwork, and landscape Buddha statue, good at calligraphy. The writing of the book is very regular, and it is almost no different from her husband. After Mrs. Wei, no one worried.

Respect the king and turn it into a bully;

Yi Tong Jing Shu has accumulated knowledge of astronomy.

-anonymous write guan ancestral hall federation.

Couplets refer to Guan Zhong Chronicle written by Qi people in the Spring and Autumn Period. The second couplet refers to the code of Wei scholars' management of public affairs during the Three Kingdoms period.

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Appendix: allusions and anecdotes of Guan surname

[death]

"Death is like death" comes from the lower left of Han Feizi's foreign reserve, and also from Lu Chunqiu's "Don't bow your head".

Bao recommended Guan Zhong and asked Guan Zhong about the strategy of reforming and rejuvenating the country. Guan Zhong replied: "I would rather reclaim land, expand towns, develop production and make full use of land. Please send him to be a big official in charge of the economy; Appropriate actions, appropriate command, appropriate advance and retreat, and skillful etiquette. I'm not as good as Peng Ji, please send him to be the official in charge of foreign affairs; Going in early and going out late, regardless of personal life and death, regardless of personal preciousness and offending advice, I am not as good as Dong Guoya, please send him to be a big official in charge of supervision; March and purge, fight bravely, and the sound of drums makes the whole army move forward tenaciously and die. I am not as good as the father of Prince Cheng. Please send him to be a Fu. Assess the situation, don't kill people who shouldn't be killed, and don't wronged innocent people. I might as well ask him to be an official who upholds justice. If you just want to govern Qiang Bing, these five people are enough; If you want to be the overlord of the princes, then I am here. " Qi was very happy after listening. I listened to Guan Zhong's words and finally achieved the hegemony.

Later, people used "death as death" to describe the spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice in a just cause.

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Social rat

The allusion of "social rat" comes from On the Right Upper Storage of Han Feizi.

In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong appointed Guan Zhong as Prime Minister, and eventually became the first overlord among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. One day, Qi Huangong asked Guan Zhong, what is the biggest trouble of governing the country? Guan Zhong replied that it was a mouse in the country temple, which puzzled Huan Gong greatly. Guan Zhong explained that the walls of social temples are made of mud-coated wood, and mice like to make holes in them, so it is difficult for people to kill them. Smoking with fire, afraid of burning wood; Irrigation with water, but also worried about destroying the mud wall, the reason why rats were not eliminated lies in the wall of the social temple. In this country, the little people close to the monarch are arrogant, plundering the people's wealth and oppressing the people; They colluded with each other and blinded the king. If we don't start early, we will find and execute such people, which will lead to great disaster. This kind of person is a social mouse that delays the country!

Later, people used this allusion to refer to relying on power to do evil. There is an allusion in the Palace of Eternal Life written by Hong Sheng in Qing Dynasty: "Be a fox in the city without fear of tigers and bears."