Prediction of the Three Kingdoms: Who was Tu Gao when the Han Dynasty changed?

If you have read the History of the Three Kingdoms, I believe this sentence is no stranger to the Han generation. This sentence has appeared in many places. Professor Yi Zhongtian also talked about the influence of this sentence, because this sentence is the main reason that directly led to Liu Chan's surrender without a fight. At that time, the civil servants of Shu Han believed this sentence very much, so naturally no one refuted Qiao Zhou who voluntarily surrendered at that time. This sentence is recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms, because it comes from a book called Chunqiu Shu. Prophecy is a kind of prophecy. Divination theology was very popular in ancient times, and many Confucian scholars were studying these things. "Spring and Autumn Prophecy" said, "Those who take the place of Han should be treated with dignity". What does this mean? -"Reflection". Shu Shu Du Zhou Du Xu Meng's Biography to Li Yin Someone asked Zhou Qun's father this question. Let's find out who Zhou Qun is first. Zhou Qun was a master of Confucianism in Shu and Han Dynasties. According to Chen Shou's Records of the Three Kingdoms, this person knows both destiny and divination. Such a thing is recorded in the reflection. Liu Bei and Cao Cao competed for Hanzhong. At that time, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang had no idea. Because Liu Bei always failed when he met Cao Cao, it seems that Liu Bei never failed when he met Cao Cao in his lifetime. But Liu Bei's most trusted counselor method is to advocate the capture of Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang wrote to ask Yang Hong how to deal with this matter, whether to compete with Cao Cao for Hanzhong? Yang Hong's answer at that time was: Hanzhong is the throat of Yizhou. If Hanzhong is gone, Yizhou can win it at any time. So Zhuge Liang felt reasonable after listening to the analysis at that time, and Zhuge Liang's determination was made. What about Liu Bei? Of course he had no confidence, so he asked Zhou Qun. Zhou Qun's answer to him is: "If you have your land, you can't have your people. If you leave the army, it will be bad. Be careful! " -"the reflection of Shu Shu Du Zhou Du Qiaozhuan" Zhou Qun's prediction is completely correct. Finally, Liu Bei and Cao Cao made peace, and Cao Cao voluntarily withdrew from Hanzhong and gave Liu Bei the land of Hanzhong, but he took away the Hanzhong people in batches, Zhang Lu took away more than 50 thousand, and Cao Cao forcibly moved away tens of thousands. The combination of the two was moved to Cao Cao's territory. Hanzhong captured by Liu Bei is an empty city. Chen Shou used this to prove the level of Zhou Qun, and Zhou Qun was eventually promoted to talent. Zhou Qun's power comes from his family's inheritance, and his father is more powerful than Zhou Qun. The evaluation of The History of the Three Kingdoms is that Yadong House and Ren 'an are famous. His father's name is Zhou Shu, and his interpretation of this sentence is: Ye Wei is the person who is above. This sentence had a great influence at that time, and everyone was talking privately, thinking that it was an act of god and a destiny. Of course, when Liu Bei occupied Shu, no one dared to say so, because Zhang Yu, who is not long-sighted, said: When you are a boxer, the world will change, and Liu will be exhausted. Nine years later, the master won Yizhou, but lost between Yin and Mao-"Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Du Zhou Du Lai Yin, Li Qiao was killed by Liu Bei. But this sentence has not disappeared, on the contrary, it continues to spread. Qiao Zhou, Chen Shou's teacher, was puzzled by Zhou Shu's explanation, so he asked Du Qiong, a great scholar at that time, and Du Qiong gave a very detailed explanation. Joan replied, "Wei, who is also lacking in fame, paints at a high time." Saints take classes. " Joan added, "Officials in ancient times didn't talk about Cao, but since the Han Dynasty came, famous officials did talk about Cao. It is almost an act of god that an official says he is Cao's and a dead man says he is Cao's. -"The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Du Zhou Du Chuan" holds the same explanation. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, so did the liegeman. The spirit of Xuchang can be seen in the height of Dangtu, and the height of Dangtu should be prosperous in Xu. When painting is high, Wei also; Such as Wei, the second view is also; Who is in power, who is tall. Wei and contemporary Korea. Today, Wei Jichang left Xu in Xu and Han Zheng, which is a remarkable achievement-in the history of the Three Kingdoms, Wei actually held the same view and left Ji, which had to be thought-provoking. Later, I will talk about Chen Shou's motivation for writing like this. Where is the lethality of this sentence? Later, when Wargo besieged the city, Jiang Wei was still outside, and Nanzhong was still in his hand. Qiao Zhou actually encouraged Liu Chan to surrender, and he said it with confidence. Finally, Liu Chan surrendered in Kaesong under the persuasion of Qiao Zhou. Some friends didn't know this background, so they cursed Qiao Zhou and wondered why he was so * * *. If you understand the influence of Dangtu's generation of Han Chinese, you will know that in the concept of Qiao Zhou at that time, Liu Chan was surrendered for the sake of the world, not for treason. In the concept of Confucian scholars at that time, the world was above the country. Even more amazing coincidence is that the location is Yizhou, and this sentence has played a role again. Hundreds of years ago, when things alternated in the Han Dynasty, a warlord named Gongsun Shu divided Yizhou. In order to become an emperor, he quoted many predictions, such as the Law of Recording and Transportation, which said, "Abandon the Emperor Chang and establish the Gongsun. "Around the Earth" said: "Emperor Xuanyuan was ordered to carry it out." Of course, he also used the term "Daihan". So at this time, Liu Xiu began to refute his routine and pointed out that he was talking nonsense. The emperor suffered greatly from it, but said to the book, "It is predicted that' Gongsun' means Xuan Di. Is it evil for the Han people to get older? -biographies of Xiao Wei and Gongsun Shu, The Emperor here should refer to Liu He, the sea queen, and Gongsun Shu refers to Emperor Hanzhao. But all this was used by Gongsun Shu. Zhou Shu's explanation is that Tu Gao is Wei, and his explanation is that he is physically evil. Obviously, these three words have two interpretations, so is there only two? Of course, that's not all. There is a third explanation. Who gave this explanation? Yuan Shu. Friends who are familiar with the Three Kingdoms know that Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor and built a famous clock. After this guy occupied the territory of Nanyang and Yangzhou, he felt that he was the strongest. When he learned that Sun Jian had found the decree, he arrested all his family and forced Sun Jian to hand it over. So he felt that he was destined to return. The imperial seal has a great influence because it is a symbol of imperial power and providence. When Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, the public opinion at that time also said that when Guan Yu was guarding Jingzhou, someone got the imperial seal from Hanshui. After Yuan's appearance as Chen, Chen and Shun, it was the second time to bear the fire with soil. See Chen again: "Those who replace Han should be respected." Because it was built under the name of Zhong Shi. -"Dian lue" Yuan Shu thinks that Dangtu Gao is his name. So, what does it mean to be too high for Han people? Is it Tu? Is it very high? Or on behalf of Wei? Or did Yuan Shu think of his name? Is there any other explanation? Of course, there are many explanations, so I won't expand them here. Are these all right? None of this is right. It's all right. Why? Dai Han, Dangtu Gao is a basket. In the past, everything could be put in it. Its real function is not what this word represents. It was the psychological impact of this sentence on people at that time that made them feel that they were destined to obey and support themselves. From this perspective, you will find that Chen Shou put this sentence in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms to achieve a meaning. His teacher is Qiao Zhou, and he urges Liu Chan to surrender. Qiao Zhou knew that Dangtugao was Wei, and Chen Shou, who was an official at that time, also knew it. Jin inherited Wei's inheritance and naturally regarded Wei as a positive trace. If you understand it carefully, this sentence just expresses Chen Shou's belief here, that is, the demise of Wei is a fate, and the unification of the world by Wei is also a fate. Chen Shou wrote the representative figure of the Han Dynasty as Tugao into the history of the Three Kingdoms. One sentence is in Ji Shu, and the other is in Wei Ji. The two echo each other, that is, they whitewashed the teacher and reflected the orthodoxy of Wei and Jin Dynasties, killing two birds with one stone. Gongsun Shu and Yuan Shu used this sentence to prove that they are destiny, because only destiny is qualified to be emperor. Therefore, don't underestimate the influence of divination in ancient times. It is very important to unite people's hearts and reach the highest point in ancient times. The careerists of past dynasties will make full use of these predictions to serve themselves, and they will also use nursery rhymes and the like. This kind of case can be seen everywhere in history books. For example, during the Chen She Uprising, Records of the Historian were very vivid. Chen Sheng and Wu Guangxi thought of ghosts and said, "This teaches me to show my ears first." It is called "King Chen Wangsheng" in Dan Shu Si Shu, and it is put in the belly of fish. Strangely, a pawn bought fish to cook and got a book in the fish's stomach. In the temple next to Wu, there is a bonfire at night, and what does the fox say is "Great Chu Xing, Chen". All the soldiers are afraid at night. On the day of his death, stroke often talked, all referring to Chen Sheng. -Historical Records: Chen She Family has such a great influence, which is closely related to China's ancient theory of destiny and belief in ghosts and gods. If you want to trace the source, you may have to catch up with the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When you turn to Historical Records written by Sima Qian, you will find that he actually spent more than 1000 words in Biography of Emperor Gaozu, instead of recording Liu Bang's specific case, he organized Liu Bang's family and others to help Liu Bang brag. Liu Bang is a myth of destiny. Specifically, if you are interested, you can look at "Why did Sima Qian brag for Liu Bang in the history of Gaozu"? Why did you want to myth Liu Bang? Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very superstitious about the worship of Taiyi God, and deliberately made gods. The harmony between man and nature endowed by Dong Zhongshu was just what he wanted, which completely helped him solve the problem of why Liu won the world. Emperor Wu himself was superstitious about these things. As far as witchcraft is concerned, he killed his son and forced his wife to die. This is the price of fate. However, everything has a positive side and a negative side, so there is a saying in that period: the people who replaced the Han Dynasty are too high. Used by many people. Of course, if such a prediction is put into today's advanced science and technology, perhaps everyone will only regard it as a joke, and it will not produce great psychological hints and psychological effects, and naturally it will lose its due market. Therefore, the popularity of divination is directly related to the level of education. In ancient times, most of them could not read, which provided a good hotbed for divination. This is the real reason why Dangtu ointment has been repeatedly used and interpreted by Han people.