2.2 weeks of construction

From 2 1 century BC to1century BC, the world is about 1000 years.

In contrast to European civilization

Mountain platform in the two river basins

Egyptian pyramids

Crete civilization and Greek civilization appeared almost at the same time.

Xia Dynasty

The first dynasty in China's history, the Xia civilization was related to floods, and there was no trace of it. Whether Erlitou is a city in summer is still in doubt.

Erlitou Ruins

Time overlaps with the Xia Dynasty.

Bronze ware, bronze tripod, bronze knight-ritual vessel

Two groups of architectural sites in Erlitou: the veranda and the big house.

Shandong Chengziya Ruins

Time belongs to summer.

The building is built on a rammed earth platform, the whole ground is treated and compacted, and the building courtyard is built on it.

450*390 square wall, rammed earth wall.

business

BC?

Yinxu site in Anyang

Important Shang Dynasty remains were found in 1926, World Heritage List.

A large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions: divination Oracle, event record.

Bronze ware: Empress Wuding, a national heavyweight.

Gongmiao

A large number of tombs, tombs of the Shang royal family (high grade, huge tripod, many people killed).

Architectural form:

? Yin people's heavy house: two-story roof

? Si 'a Mansion: Spalding

? Palace murals: murals

? Splendid quilt house: a large number of fabrics are used

? Ewing Zuoqiong House: Beautiful stone building house.

? Lei Yue Gate: A Yumen.

Henan Yanshi Mall:

Architectural form:

The scale is smaller than that of Yin Ruins.

Three layers of city walls appeared, and this tradition continued to the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties (there is an imperial city outside the Forbidden City and an inner city outside the imperial city, and the inner city is the outer city from Qianmen to Yongdingmen, and the city walls are nested one by one. )。

Although the architecture of Xia and Shang Dynasties no longer exists, we can infer its development degree from the remains.

Chengxiaotai West Village Settlement Site

In the settlement of the middle Shang Dynasty unearthed in Hebei Province, we can see the relationship between houses from the plane, which is very similar to that of modern villages, and has changed obviously since the Banpo era.

The development of architectural technology and art in Xia and Shang dynasties;

Directional technology, leveling the ground with water and determining the position with sun shadow.

There are new methods for building foundation treatment and column foundation practice. -It has certain anti-seismic function.

? Erlitou: Dig out topsoil, expose native soil, tamp, fill in, tamp and build houses; Three layers of pebbles under the rammed layer are reinforced.

Shang dynasty: a stone was placed under the column base, a copper plate was placed on the stone, and a column was placed on the copper plate.

Wooden walls and mud walls are the main ones.

Drainage facilities, clay pipes.

Zhou dynasty architecture

the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

Population growth is rapid, agriculture is progressing and handicrafts are developed.

Great progress has been made in thought and art.

Lu: A city of one square mile. Archaeology confirms that it has a square mile.

Lu relics

Square seven miles, rectangle, Miyagi in the city center, the position is relatively high.

Qilinzi

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, if 70,000 cities followed the system of men joining the army in the Spring and Autumn Period, Linzi City could have 265,438+10,000 troops.

Prosperity, with many recreational activities. "Without exception, they play pipa on the balcony and take dogs and bows to fight chickens." , "shoulder to shoulder" source.

Linzi City is divided into two parts, one is Miyagi, a small town in the southwest corner, and the other is the big city behind it, where people live.

the Great Wall

The Great Wall in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is a wall between countries and a border town between countries. The Great Wall in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period can already be connected in a line, which laid the foundation for the Great Wall in the Qin Dynasty. Depending on the location, there are rammed earth, piled stones or flaky masonry.

The defensive targets of the Great Wall of Qi are Chu and Wu.

The defense targets of the Great Wall of Chu are Qin, Wei and South Korea.

Shandong qi great wall

Zhou dynasty architecture

No real buildings were left, and the buildings at that time were guessed by bronze wares and cultural relics carving.

1983 map of giant territory unearthed in Hebei province. On the copper plate, a plan was made with gold and silver wires by mistake-the plan of the mausoleum of the king and queen of Sun Yat-sen.

According to the mega-domain map, high-rise buildings.

Western Zhou architectural relics in Feng Chu village, Fufeng County, Qishan, Shaanxi Province

Brief Report on Excavation of Western Zhou Architecture in Feng Chu Village, Qishan, Shaanxi/View/3B43809BF61FB7360B4 C65F6.html.

It is very different from the palace in Erlitou. The two buildings are in the same yard.

In the middle is the main hall with enclosed wings on both sides.

The center of the central axis is symmetrical, and there is a shadow wall at the entrance of the central axis.

-Architectural features of China quadrangles.

Architectural characteristics of Zhou dynasty

Urban form: large and small urban system

Architectural form: common types of high-rise buildings and the concept of axis planning

Hierarchy: the most basic principle that should be respected

Bucket use: begin to appear

Uses of bricks: During the Warring States period, there were a large number of bricks and their sizes were regular.

The use of tiles: it was not common in the Spring and Autumn Period, but the size of tiles was generally large in the Warring States Period.

Craftsman: Luban