What are the chess tools in Go?

Chess tools in Go: chessboard, chess pieces and clock. In a regular game, these three things are indispensable, but the general game only needs chessboards and pieces.

Weiqi board: a square or slightly rectangular plan. Now the chessboard draws 19 parallel lines vertically and horizontally on the plane, forming 36 1 intersections.

In order to determine the position of each point on the chessboard conveniently, coordinate method is used for numbering. Horizontal lines are numbered in Chinese characters from top to bottom, and vertical lines are numbered in Arabic numerals from left to right, that is, the number 1 … 19. When recording, explaining or teaching, the order of first vertical and then horizontal shall prevail.

For example, point A in figure 1: 5. Shitong intersection; Point b: 10. Eleventh road ... and so on.

Figure 1

It should be noted that there are no numerical marks on the general chessboard and the chessboard in the official competition, and the numbers in figure 1 are only marked in the chess manual for the convenience of point-by-point explanation or easy search.

The chessboard can be divided into nine parts, namely: upper left corner, lower left corner, upper right corner, lower right corner, upper side, lower side, left side, right side and middle belly (see Figure 2).

Figure ii

There are nine black spots on the chessboard called "stars", and the black spot in the center of the chess is called "Tianyuan", which has no other special significance.

The nine parts on the chessboard are only roughly divided, and there are no strict boundaries, so here is only a general explanation. The content and rules of chess are not directly related to the status of chess in the stars or Tianyuan. Constellation and Tianyuan are just the coordinates of the chessboard.

Each side of the chessboard is called the first line (or the first line), the line next to the first line is called the second line, and then moved to the middle is called the third line (the third line), the fourth line (the fourth line) and so on.

Generally, simple chessboards can be made of cardboard or plastic, but the regular chessboards used in competitions are all made of wood products.

Chess pieces in Weiqi: The chess pieces in Weiqi are divided into black and white and round in shape. There are 18 1 black chess and 180 white chess in the official competition. At the crossing point of the board in Go, the sum of two colored pieces should be equal to this number. The relationship between chessboard and chess pieces is the closest, and this problem is more complicated. Let's define the concept first and then explain it later.

The number of commonly used chess pieces is not specified by very precise figures. One hundred and sixty to one hundred and seventy dollars for all colors is enough, and it doesn't matter if you have more or less.

Thinking about the problem:

1. Why do you say that Go can develop intelligence and enlighten thinking?

2. Why is Go both an art and a science?

3. Who are the two most representative players after the founding of New China? What is their main contribution to Go?

4. What is used to measure the level of a chess player?

5. What's the difference between a professional player and an amateur player? How to compare the chess skills of amateur and professional positions?

6. What is the main part of the chessboard?

Lesson 2 Rules of Chess and Calculation of Winning and Losing

According to the basic rules of Weiqi, one side holds the black hand first (except chess), and the other side holds Bai Zi. The two sides alternately move their hands to the intersection of the board (the intersection of the existing pieces cannot be put, and the forbidden points cannot be put), and the pieces are not allowed to move again after they are decided. This is essentially different from China chess and chess.

In the process of playing chess, both sides use skills such as eating, grabbing, doing and fiefdoms until the end. The so-called end is that the ownership of each intersection on the chessboard has been completely determined.

The correct way to move chess in Go is to hold the chess pieces with the fingertips of the index finger and the middle finger, and accurately place the chess pieces at the intersection of the chessboard. Among amateur chess players, some people are used to holding chess pieces with their thumb and forefinger, which is very incorrect and impossible to be elegant. Please see the picture below;

According to the rules of playing chess: black moves first, black 1 occupies the upper right corner, white 2 occupies the lower left corner, black 3 occupies the upper left corner, white 4 occupies the lower right corner, and black 5 attacks white 4. Both sides should take turns to play white chess 18, which is called playing go. Please see the figure 1.

Figure 1

How to calculate the outcome after the final? How to judge who wins and who loses? To put it simply, the victory or defeat in Go can be summarized as follows: whoever is surrounded by a large area is the winner; On the contrary, it is a loser.

There are 36 1 intersections on the chessboard, and the outcome of a chess game is determined by the number of intersections occupied by both sides. More precisely, it is determined by the size of the area occupied by both parties. An intersection is a child, and each side takes 180 semichildren as the reduced number. Those who exceed this number win, and those who are less than this number are negative.

Figure ii

As shown in Figure 2, the black side occupies the left area on the chessboard and the white side occupies the right area on the chessboard (in fact, the real game will not be like this), because both sides occupy all the intersections on the chessboard and there is no remaining area to compete for, so this chess game can be calculated.

First, divide first

Refers to the level of chess skills of both sides, and both sides take turns to go first. According to the current rules of Go in China, because black moves first, it has a certain first-hand strength, and the player holding black has to play 2 (3/4) pieces. Therefore, the territory occupied by Black must exceed183 (1/4) (180 (1/2)+2 (3/4)) to win. For example, Black has 185 children, which means Black has 1 (3/4) children. But as long as White's territory exceeds177 (3/4) (180 (12)-2 (3/4)), it can win. In all kinds of routine competitions at home and abroad, the rule of scoring first is adopted.

Second, let go.

Refers to the party with a slightly lower level going first, which is not included in the final calculation. That is to say, 180 (1/2) is a draw, and whoever exceeds 180 (1/2) will win. This rule is also used in informal competitions or folk games. The rule of giving way applies to the game between players who have a certain gap in chess skills.

Third, make way.

Letting go is one of the chess forms adopted by the two sides with great differences in chess skills. In order to achieve the mutual balance of chess force, the low-level side holds the black, and a number of sunspots are continuously placed on the designated position of the chessboard (the number of children with large horizontal gap increases and the number of children with small gap decreases relatively). There are different rules about how many players to release. For beginners, there are professional players who can let 25 players go, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

In the case of Figure 3, after the last game, the black side must return 12 (1/2) to the white side, and after the return, it will still be a draw of each 180 (1/2).

After the beginner's level is improved to a certain extent, the number of children can be relatively reduced. Fig. 4 is a picture of Sixteen Sons. After the final, the black side must put the White Sons back. After posting, it is still a draw of 180 (1/2), and the winner is king. Figure 5 shows the figure of Jean Shisanzi. After the end of the last game, the black side must return to the white side 6 (1/2). After returning, it will still be a draw of 180 (1/2) pieces. The winner will be counted as the winner, and the loser will be counted as the negative. Figure 5 shows the figure of Jean Shisanzi.

Figure 4

Figure 5

After the last game, the black side must return 6 (1/2) pieces to the white side. After returning, the 180 (1/2) block is still used as a draw. The more you win, the less you lose.

The example given in the above figure is for the convenience of readers to teach children according to the rules, because there are many pieces, many of which are not in the star position, and the given pieces should strive to be symmetrical on the chessboard.

It is not difficult to see from the above picture that the number of children who paste the black side back to the white side is equal to 1/2, which is the way to calculate the outcome in chess.

The following is a detailed introduction to the method of calculating chess at the last time with specific examples, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6

This is a game of chess played by the famous Japanese chess player Hashimoto Changjuji against Sakata for a long time. Figure 6 is the final figure of this chess game. All the intersections on the chessboard are occupied by both sides. How to calculate the result?

First of all, remove the dead children of both sides, that is, the dead children are inactive pieces surrounded by both sides. If you play black chess, take out the white dead children marked with delta points in the black forces, because these children are worthless.

Secondly, fill one side's territory with chess pieces (in fact, you can choose one side). Count and you'll know the result.

Figure 7

For the sake of simplicity, the small pieces are usually filled and the big pieces are made into integers, so that it is not necessary to fill all the pieces on the chessboard. This method of making the whole chess piece is more practical. This method is used in folk games and competitions, as shown in Figure 7. According to the rules of Weiqi, whoever occupies more points than 180 (1/2) in the 36 1 intersection will win, while there are rules of black posting in modern games, so the black area must exceed 183 (1/4). Less than this number is a failure. The so-called Heisheng and Bai Sheng are all decided according to this law.

The shape in Figure 7 is to arrange the scattered figures for the convenience of "playing chess". There are forty children on the right, twenty children on the top and twenty children on the bottom, which adds up to eighty children. Then, excluding the black dead children in the white chess enclosure, the remaining sunspots on the disk plus 80 "empty" are the total number of sunspots. This method is adopted after actual combat or after the game. General folk games also use this method to calculate the outcome.

Of course, it is impossible for beginners to master the methods of calculating the outcome of various competition rules, because in the competition (first branch), the efficiency of various methods must first be returned to the black side, and the form of this return is different. For example, the rules of Chinese Weiqi Association are different from those of Japanese and Taiwan Province Shi Ying. The big difference is that the specific figures of the black side are different and complicated, so it is not convenient to explain here. Readers just need to get a general understanding. But there is a basic concept that must be clear, that is, if you want to win the game, you must occupy more than half of the intersection of the whole, and novices must master this problem.

Sorry, I don't copy the map. You can find so easy on some large Go websites.

-Sai