The full-text translation of Wang Chen's Ru Yin in the twelfth lunar month.

This sentence is from The Chen She Family.

Bobby Chen is from Yangcheng. Guangwu is from Yang Xia. When Bobby Chen was young, he was employed to farm with others. (One day) he stopped farming and went to rest on the high ground of the ridge. He sighed with disappointment and said, "If anyone has money, don't forget everyone." The companion who worked together smiled and replied, "Where did you get the money?" Chen Sheng sighed and said, "Alas, how do sparrows know the ambition of swans?"

In July of the first year of Qin Ershi, the court recruited the poor to station in Yuyang, and stationed 900 people in osawa Township. Chen Sheng and Guangwu were incorporated into the garrison and served as captains of chariots. It happened to rain heavily and the road was blocked. I guess it was delayed. Anyone who misses the deadline should be beheaded according to the laws of the Qin Dynasty. Chen Sheng discussed with Guangwu and said, "Even if you run away, you are dead. If you revolt, you are dead. Is it okay to die for national affairs? " Chen Sheng said: "People all over the world have been ruled and persecuted by the Qin Dynasty for a long time. I heard that Qin Ershi, the youngest son of Qin Shihuang, should not be an emperor, but a childe Fu Su. Because of Fu's repeated remonstrance, the emperor sent troops abroad. Now some people hear that he is innocent, but Qin Ershi killed him. Most people heard that he was clever, but they didn't know that he was dead. Xiang Yan is a general of Chu. He has repeatedly made meritorious military service and cared for soldiers. People in Chu love him very much. Some people think he is dead, others think he has run away. Now, if we pretend that our people are the team of childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan and call on the people of the world to oppose Qin, there should be many people responding. " Guangwu thinks he is right. So they went to divination. Knowing their intentions, the fortune teller said, "You can succeed in all your major events and build your achievements. However, have you asked ghosts and gods about this? " Bobby Chen and Guangwu are very happy. They thought about the diviner and said, "This is just to teach us to scare everyone with ghosts and gods." So he wrote the word "Chen" on the silk book with vermilion and put it in the belly of the fish caught by others. The soldiers bought fish and cooked it. When they found the silk book in the fish's stomach, they were already stunned by it. Chen Sheng secretly sent Guangwu to the temple in the jungle next to the station. At night, he carried a lantern and shouted with a fox's shrill voice: "Great Chu will prosper, and Chen Sheng will be king." The soldiers were afraid all night. The next day, the soldiers talked about it, just pointing at each other and pointing at Bobby Chen.

Guangwu always cares about soldiers, and most soldiers are willing to listen to him. One day, the general commander who escorted the garrison was drunk. Guangwu deliberately said many times that he wanted to escape, which made the general commander very angry and made him insult himself to anger the soldiers. Can Wei really use bamboo boards to fight Guangwu? Guangwu drew his sword to kill Guangwu, jumped up, snatched the sword and killed the captain. Chen Sheng helped him and killed two commanders together. (So Chen Sheng) summoned and ordered his subordinates to say, "You all missed the deadline in heavy rain, and if you missed the deadline, you would be beheaded. If we can only avoid being beheaded, 67 of 10 people will die on the guard frontier. Besides, if a strong man dies, he will gain great fame. Will princes have natural noble species? " All the subordinates said, "I am willing to obey your orders." So they pretended to be childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan's team and obeyed the wishes of the people. All show their right arms (as a sign of the uprising), which is called Dachu. Build a high platform with earth, take an oath on the platform, and sacrifice the captain's head to the sky with (2). Chen Sheng was appointed general and Guangwu was appointed captain. They attacked osawa Township, incorporated the rebels into osawa Township and then attacked Qixian County. After capturing Qi, he led troops to patrol the eastern part of Qi, and Chen Sheng attacked Luo, Zhou, Zhe and Qiao and captured them. Recruit soldiers along the road during the March. When we arrived in Chen county, there were six or seven hundred chariots, more than one thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of soldiers. When attacking Chen county, the county magistrate and the county magistrate were absent, and only the defenders led the troops to fight against the insurgents in the city gate cave. (guarding the city) If you can't win, the army will be defeated and die, and the insurgents will enter the city and occupy Chen County. A few days later, Chen Sheng ordered a meeting of local discipline officials and talented squires. Township officials and squires all said, "General, you are wearing armor and holding sharp weapons. According to your contribution to cracking down on unjust tyrants, destroying Qin brutality and rebuilding Chu, you should be king." So Chen Sheng was made king and declared to expand Chu. At this time, all the people in the counties who had suffered from the Qin officials responded to Chen Sheng's call and rose up to punish the local county officials and kill them. [2]

(Chen Sheng) took Guangwu as the king, and led the generals to attack Xingyang in the west (now within the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province). Chen Jun, Zhang Er and Chen Yu were ordered to capture Zhao Guoyuan's jurisdiction, and Deng Zong of Ruyin (now Fuyang, Anhui Province) was ordered to capture Jiujiang County (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). At that time, there were thousands of people gathered in Chu to rebel, countless.

Ying Ge arrived in Dongcheng (now Dingyuan, Anhui) and established Qiang as the King of Chu. Later, when Ying Ge heard that Chen Sheng was king on his own, he killed Xiang Qiang and came back to report to Chen Sheng. As soon as he arrived in Chen County, Chen Sheng killed Ying Ge. Chen Sheng ordered to go north and seize the place that originally belonged to Wei. Guangwu surrounded Xingyang. Li You was the secretariat of Sanchuan (now Dongbaima Temple in Luoyang, Henan Province). ) leader, defending Xingyang, Wu Guangjiu can't attack. Chen Sheng summoned domestic heroes to discuss countermeasures and appointed Shangcai (within the jurisdiction of Zhumadian City, Henan Province) as a pillar country.

Zhou Wen (Historical Records of Zhang Zhou) is a famous saint in Chen County. He used to be a diviner in Xiang Yan's army and worked under Shen Jun Huang Xie of Chu Xiangchun. He claimed to be good at fighting, so he named him a general and led troops to the western expedition of Qin. As he walked, he called in the army. When we arrived at Hanguguan (now Lingbao, Henan), there were thousands of chariots and hundreds of thousands of soldiers. When I arrived at Xiting (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi, 40 kilometers away from Xianyang), I was stationed. Zhang Han, a junior official in the Qin Dynasty, pardoned the crimes of those who served in Lishan Mountain and the sons born of slaves. They all mobilized to attack Zhang Chu's army and defeated Zhou Wenjun. After Zhou Wen failed, he escaped from Hanguguan and stayed in Cao Yang (now southwest of Sanmenxia, Henan) for two or three months. Zhang Han chased him, defeated him, and then fled to Mianchi (now Sanmenxia, Henan), where he stayed for more than ten days. Zhang Han came after him again and killed him. Zhou Wen committed suicide and his army could not fight.

In Handan, he became the king of Zhao, Chen Yu was the general, and Zhang Er and Zhao Sao were the left and right prime ministers. Wang Chen was very angry when he learned that, so he arrested and imprisoned the families of Chen Wu and others, intending to kill them. Cai Ci, a pillar country, said: "The Qin Dynasty killed the families of the princes of Zhao before its demise, which was equivalent to the birth of another Qin State that was our enemy. It is better to seal him up. " So he sent an envoy to see Zhao to congratulate him. At the same time, he moved Chen Wu and other people's families to the palace and put them under house arrest. He also made his son Zhang ao king of Chengdu and urged Zhao Dajun to enter Hangu Pass quickly. The princes of Zhao discussed it and said, "Your Majesty, Chu has no intention of being king in Zhao. Chu will destroy Qin and will certainly attack Zhao. The best way is not to send troops to the west, but to send people north to seize the original territory of Yan State to expand their own land. According to the natural barrier of the Yellow River in the south and the vast land of Yan and Dai in the north, even if Chu defeated Qin, it would not dare to suppress Zhao. If Chu can't defeat Qin, it depends on Zhao. When the time comes, Zhao will take advantage of Qin's exhaustion and succeed in the world. " The prince of Zhao thought it was reasonable. Instead of sending troops to the west, he sent Shi Hanguang, a former soldier from Gujun County, to lead the troops to the north and capture the state of Yan.

It turned out that the noble hero of Yan advised Han Guang, "Chu has established a king, and Ye Zhao has established a king. Although the place of Yan State is small, it used to be a country with 10,000 personnel carriers. I hope you are an independent prince. " Han Guang replied, "My mother is still in Zhao, so I can't come." Yan said, "Zhao is worried about Qin in the west and Chu in the south. His power cannot limit us. Besides, with the strength of Chu, he dare not kill the family of the prince of Zhao. How dare Zhao kill the general's family? " Hanbitsoft thought what they said was reasonable, so he became a prince himself. A few months later, Zhao sent someone to escort the prince's mother and her family to Yan State.

At this time, countless generals went to various places to attack the city and occupy an area. (Zi Zhi Tong Jian: Since Chen Sheng sent Zhang Zhou, he thought that the Qin government was chaotic and had the intention of belittling the Qin government, so he no longer fortified it. Dr. Confucius advised: "I heard Sun Tzu's Art of War say,' Don't attack without relying on the enemy, but rely on me not to be afraid of attacking.' Today, the king only relies on the enemy not to attack, not on his own defense. Once he is defeated, it will be too late to regret it. Chen Sheng said, "Sir, don't worry about my military action!" [2] Zhou went north to attack the city and arrived in Di County (now southeast of Gaoqing, Shandong Province). Tian Wei, a native of Di County, killed the magistrate of Di County and established himself as the king of Qi, relying on the strength of Qi to fight back against Zhou. Zhou Dajun broke up and retreated to Wei, intending to blame Wang Wei's descendant Ning Lingjun. At this time, it is self-inflicted, and you can't go back to Wei. After Wei settled down, everyone wanted Wang Wei to be with Zhou, but Zhou refused to accept it. The emissary has made five trips between Wang Chen and Zhou. Nai promised to let Ning Lingjun blame Wang Wei and send him back to Wei. Zhou finally took a photo of Wei.

Tian Cang and others discussed, saying, "There is a great chaos in the army today, and Qin Jun will come. We can't attack Xingyang city for a long time. If Qin's army arrives, it's over. It is better to leave a small number of troops, enough to hold Xingyang, and bring all the remaining elite troops up to meet Qin Jun. Now the generation of Wang is arrogant and does not know how to use the relieving. Such a person can't discuss with him. If he doesn't kill him, our plan is likely to be ruined. " So they killed Guangwu and gave Guangwu's head to Wang Chen. Wang Chen sent messengers to give Tian Cang the seal of Chu Lingyin and appointed him as a general. Tian Cang sent Li Gui and others to station in Xingyang City, and he marched westward with elite troops to Aocang against Qin Jun. When the two sides fought, Tian Cang was killed and the army scattered. Zhang Han led the army to Xingyang City to attack Gui Li and defeated them. Gui Li and others died.

Deng, a native of Yangcheng, said that the troops stationed in Tancheng (originally Tancheng) were changed according to historical records. Jia (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province) was defeated by the army led by the Ministry. Deng said that he led the army and fled to Chen County. Wu Xu, a pheasant, was stationed in Xu County (now Xu Changdong, Henan Province) and was defeated by Zhang Han's army. Wu Xu's army fled to Chen County. Kill Deng and say:

When Chen Sheng just became king, Qin Jia of Lingxian County (now Siyang, Jiangsu Province), Dong Qiang of Luoxian County, Zhu Jishi of Fuli County (now northeast of Suzhou, Anhui Province), Zheng Bu of Qusi County (now southwest of Suining, Jiangsu Province) and Zheng Bu (now southeast of Sihong, Jiangsu Province) all rose up separately and led troops to besiege the East China Sea Chief. When he heard about it, he was sent as a general, named Pan, in charge of all the armies below Tancheng. Qin Jia refused to accept this order, became a Fu, and hated being attached to Wu Pingjun. He told his officers, "Wu Pingjun is young and doesn't know anything about military affairs. Don't listen to him! " Then he killed Wu Pingpan on the pretext of Chen Wang's orders.

After Zhang Han defeated Wu Xu, he continued to attack Chen County, and Wang Chen government official Cai Ci died. Led the troops to attack Zhanghe troops stationed west of Chen County. Wang Chen personally, as a result, the Chu army was defeated and Zhang He was killed.

In December, Wang Chen retreated to Ruyin (now Fuyang, Anhui Province), and when he returned to his father (now Yang Guo, Anhui Province), he was killed by his driver Zhuang Jia and surrendered to Qin Jun. After Chen Sheng's death, he was buried in Dangxian County (now northeast of Yongcheng, Henan Province), and posthumous title was the hidden king.

Wang Chen's veteran general organized a "Cangtou Army" to attack Chen County from Xinyang (now the northern border of Anhui Province). After the conquest, he killed and established Chen County as the capital of Chu.

At the beginning, when Chen arrived in Chen County, he ordered Luo County people to pacify Nanyang (now a prefecture-level city in Henan Province) and then invade Wuguan (now Danfeng Cave in Shaanxi Province). After Liu Song captured Nanyang, it was reported that Wang Chen was killed, so Nanyang was retaken by Qin Jun, and he could not enter Wuguan, so he went east to Xincai (now the jurisdiction of Zhumadian City, Henan Province), only to meet Qin Jun again, and Liu Song led his troops to surrender to Qin Jun. Sent Song to Xianyang and dismembered him.

When Qin Jia and others heard that Wang Chen's army was defeated and fled, they made Ju Jing the king of Chu, where they led their troops (now Yutai West, Shandong Province) and attacked Qin Jun near Dingtao (now Heze City, Shandong Province). So he sent Gong Sunqing to Qi to see Tian Xian, the king of Qi, and wanted to send troops with him. The King of Qi said, "I heard that Wang Chen was defeated, and his life and death are uncertain. How can Chu be king without asking me? " The Duke said, "The State of Qi established a king without asking Chu. Why did the State of Chu demand the King of Qi? Besides, Chu was the first to rise up against Qin, so he should command the world. " Tian Yan killed Gongsunqing.

The captains around Qin led the troops to attack Chen County and occupied it. After General Lv Chen failed to escape, he regrouped his troops. Together with the army led by Dangyang Army after Poyang was stolen, they attacked the army of a captain around Qin State, defeated them in Qingbo, and once again took Chen County as the capital of Chu State. At this time, Xiang Liang named Sun Zixin the King of Chu.

Chen Sheng was king for six months. After he became king, he took Chen County as his capital. Once upon a time, a man who was hired by him to farm heard that he had become a king and came to Chen County. He knocked on the door of the palace and said, "I want to see Chen She." The officer guarding the palace gate will tie him up. After his repeated explanations, he was released, but he still refused to inform him. When Wang Chen went out, he stopped on the road and shouted Chen She's name. When Wang Chen heard this, he summoned him and returned to the palace in a car with him. After entering the palace, I saw the palace room and curtains. The guest said, "There are so many people!" ! King Chen She's palace is high and deep! The Chu people called "Duo" "Gang", so the saying that "Gang is king" spread all over the world from Chen She. This guest is more and more free to go in and out of the palace, and often tells people some old stories about Chen She. Someone said to Chen Wang, "Your guests are ignorant and talk nonsense, which is harmful to your majesty. "Chen Wang killed the intruder. Since then, all Wang Chen's old friends have left voluntarily, and there is no one close to Wang Chen anymore. Chen Sheng was king, and his father-in-law, wife and brothers went to take refuge. Bobby Chen treated them with the courtesy of ordinary guests. My father-in-law said angrily, "Ignoring the elderly by strength can't last long!" " So he left without saying goodbye. (4) Wang Chen appointed Zhu Fang as Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Wu as secretary to supervise the faults of ministers. The generals occupied this place and returned to Chen County. If they disobey orders slightly, they will be arrested and punished, so as to strictly investigate the fault of their minister as their loyalty to Wang Chen. Anyone they don't like who makes a mistake and doesn't hand it over to the official in charge of justice will be punished without authorization. Wang Chen trusts them very much. For these reasons, the generals are no longer close to him. This is the reason why Wang Chen failed.

Although Chen Sheng was dead, the princes he appointed and sent eventually destroyed Qin, which was the result of Chen She's first uprising against Qin. During the Emperor Gaozu's reign, thirty families were placed to guard Chen She's grave, and when Emperor Wu arrived, they still offered sacrifices to him on time. (Hanshu: Wang Mang was defeated before being cut. [5] )

Mr. Chu (Chu) said: the terrain is dangerous and difficult to stick to; Weapons and equipment and legal provisions are convenient for governing the country. But these are not the most reliable. Didn't the former dynasty regard benevolence, righteousness and morality as the foundation of governing the country, and consolidate frontier fortress and formulate laws as branches and leaves? I once heard that Jia Yi's article said:

"Qin Xiaogong occupied Lushan Mountain and Hanguguan, which are dangerous and solid, and owned the whole Yongzhou area (now Shaanxi and Gansu). This is firmly guarded by the monarch and his subjects. They are always watching the regime of the Zhou Dynasty, which has swept the world, including the enthusiasm of the four seas, and swallowed up the hearts of people from all directions. At this time, Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong, established laws and regulations at home, devoted himself to the cultivation of textiles, reorganized offensive and defensive weapons, and used Lian Heng's strategy to make the princes fight with each other. As a result, Qin acquired a large area of land west of the Yellow River with no effort.

After the death of Qin Xiaogong, Qin Huiwen, Wang, Xiang, inherited the great cause of governing the country and followed the strategy of ancestors staying behind, taking Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the southwest, fertile land in the east and counties and cities in the north. Fearing and panicking, the vassals held a meeting to form an alliance to discuss the countermeasures to weaken Qin. They do not spare precious wealth and rich land, and recruit talents from all over the world. Adopt a vertical strategy to conclude a Covenant and work together to support each other. At this time, there are Qi, Zhao, Chu and Wei. These four sons are wise and honest, generous and kind, loving talents and respecting talents. They agreed with each other to implement the Lian Heng strategy of uniting against Qin and destroying Qin, and to unite relevant people from Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei, Zhongshan and other countries. So Ningyue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Doukhi and other six talents planned for them; There are also Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Shao Hua, Lou Huan, Zhai Jing, Su Li and Le Yi who expressed their views. Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She led the troops. The vassal once attacked Hangu Pass with ten times the land of Qin and a million troops. Qin suited up to meet the enemy, and the nine national armies fled and dared not move forward. Before Qin spent an arrow, all the princes in the world were exhausted. So the alliance dissolved, the Covenant broke down, and they fought for their own land and bribed Qin. Qin has enough strength to take advantage of the weakness of the princes to pursue the fleeing and defeated enemies, with millions of corpses everywhere and large shields floating blood; Qin took advantage of the favorable situation and convenient opportunities to divide the land into mountains and rivers, so the powerful countries demanded obedience and the weak countries came to bow down.

When it extended to King Xiaowen of Qin and King Xiang of Zhuang, their rule was short and nothing happened in the country.

When he arrived at Qin Shihuang, he carried forward the achievements handed down from six generations, wielded a whip like a car to control the vassal States, annexed two small countries of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, destroyed the governors of the six countries, ascended the throne of the emperor, controlled the world, and whipped the people all over the world with a criminal rod, which was majestic. Take the land of Baiyue in the south and set it in Guilin County (now northeast of Baise, Guangxi) and Xiang Jun County (now Chongzuo, Guangxi); Baiyue governors bowed their heads and strangled with ropes to surrender, leaving their lives in the hands of lower-level officials in the Qin Dynasty. So he sent Meng Tian north to build the Great Wall of Wan Li, as a barrier on the border defense, and drove the Xiongnu north for more than 700 miles; Xiongnu dare not come to the south to herd horses, and soldiers dare not take revenge with bows and arrows. So he abolished the former king's way of governing the country and burned hundreds of works in an attempt to be ignorant of the people; He also destroyed famous cities in the world, killed heroes, collected weapons from all over the world and concentrated them in Xianyang, melted swords and arrows, cast twelve metal figures, and weakened the resistance of the people all over the world. Then, with Huashan as the wall, the Yellow River as the moat, and Huashan, which is 100 million feet high, as the backing, guarding the unpredictable and dangerous place of the Yellow River. A good soldier holds a strong bow to defend the important place, and a reliable minister leads a good soldier to investigate who the passers-by are with sharp weapons. The world has been decided. In Qin Shihuang's mind, he thinks that the firmness of Guanzhong is a golden city with thousands of miles, which can be used as the inheritance of the emperor for future generations.

After the death of Qin Shihuang, his afterglow still shook the distance. However, Chen She was a child of a poor family. He used a broken urn as a window and tied it to the door shaft with a straw rope. He is a farmer, a servant, a man recruited to guard the border. His talent is not as good as ordinary people, as wise as Confucius and Mozi, and as rich as Tao Zhu and Eaton. He stood among the garrisons, rose in the countryside, led the tired and scattered garrisons, commanded hundreds of people, turned to attack the state of Qin, cut wood as a weapon, held high the bamboo pole as a banner, and made people all over the world. Heroes rose to the east of Hanguguan in Xiaoshan to overthrow the Qin Dynasty.

Besides, the world of the Qin dynasty has not shrunk and weakened; The land in Yongzhou is as solid as ever. Chen She's position is not higher than that of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Song, Wei and Zhong Shan. Hoe rake halberd handle is not sharper than hook halberd spear; The people who were recruited to defend the frontier were no better than the troops of the nine countries; The ability to foresee, March and command operations is not as good as that of the previous six countries. But success and failure are completely different. The results are completely opposite. What is the reason? If we compare the governors of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan with Chen She, we can't compare them in those days. With a small place, Qin developed into a powerful country with 10,000 chariots, and then controlled eight other countries, so that all the vassal States with the same status came to worship Qin, which has a history of more than 100 years. Then the four corners of heaven and earth are writers, and the hills and the valley of letters are closed as palace walls. However, when Chen She launched an uprising alone, the seven ancestral temples of the Qin Dynasty were destroyed, and even Zi Ying, the king of Qin, died in the hands of others and was laughed at by the whole world. What is the reason? This is because the situation of taking the world without benevolent government is different from the situation of defending the world later. "[3]