Appreciate Feng's favorite couplet (482) (Jun Ping is lonely; Life experience is abandoned)

Poetry couplet, that is, the upper couplet and the lower couplet come from the same poetry work, and the two sentences are just duality and naturally connected.

Both the upper and lower couplets are from Bao Zhao's Ode to Histories in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Creation background

This poem was written in 466, the second year of Taishi. After the death of Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty, the world valued wealth, which was in sharp contrast with Junping's insistence on loneliness and abandonment of the secular world, showing the extravagance and decay of the world. The author wrote this poem to express his strong hatred for bureaucrats and nobles and his insistence on the noble character of honesty and frankness.

Brief introduction of the author

Bao Zhao (about 4 15 ~ 466) was a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. He, Yan Yanzhi and Xie Lingyun are also called "Yuanjia Sanjie". Ming Yuan, Han nationality, was born in Donghai (located in the southwest of present-day Tancheng, Shandong Province, and the jurisdiction includes present-day Lianshui, Jiangsu Province) and lived in Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) for a long time. His family background is very poor. When Liu Zikai, the king of Linhai, was in Jingzhou, he served as a former army. Liu Zikai uprising was killed by mutinous soldiers. He is good at Yuefu poetry, and his seven-character poems have played an important role in the development of Tang poetry. There is also the collection of bags.

original text

Ode to history

Bao Zhao in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

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The five major cities are extremely rich, and the Sanchuan area is keen to pursue fame and gain.

Rich people can be exempted from legal sanctions, and learned scholars can get high officials and generous salaries.

In the capital, roads extend in all directions and roofs are row upon row.

Officials, gorgeous hats and tassels fluttering in the wind, wandering around, riding fast horses in the city.

In the early hours of the morning, the stars are still shining in the sky, and bureaucrats' carriages are pouring in like a storm.

The guests and servants followed, and the dark land reflected the light of the pommel horse.

Cold comes and summer goes, as if it were just a moment, flowers bloom one after another, and only spring is beautiful.

Only unwilling lonely Yan Junping doesn't appreciate Li Rong. The secular world doesn't need him, and he doesn't want to be an official.

To annotate ...

Five capitals: Luoyang, Handan, Linzi, Wan and Chengdu are the five capitals of the Western Han Dynasty.

Unfortunately (jρn): brag.

Sanchuan: the name of Qin County, which governs Xingyang (southwest of Xingyang County, Henan Province), is called Sanchuan because there are three rivers: River, Luo River and Yi River.

Raise your voice: seek fame and gain.

Not to die in the city: not to die in the city.

Qu (qú): Avenue.

Door: A towering roof.

Scales: as dense as fish scales.

Piāo: long belt swing.

ng:ng。

Pei: It refers to a horse that is good at running. Halter, halter, rope.

Xuanzang: A car with a canopy is for dignitaries.

Yun Zhi: Yun came in and said a lot.

Ice rain: guests and waiters.

Sà tà: There are many appearances.

Moment: a moment, a stop.

Junping: Shu people in the Han Dynasty strictly observed the word Junping. He made a living by divination in Chengdu. When he earns 100 yuan a day, he reads Laozi behind closed doors. He has never asked for an official in his life.

Make an appreciative comment

"Five are proud of being rich, and three rivers raise their voices." At the beginning, the poet pointed out sharply that Wudu people are arrogant because of wealth, and Sanchuan people love to pursue fame and gain. The poet condemned not only the people in Wudu and Sanchuan, but also the nobles and dignitaries. Next, this condemnation was further deepened: "Baijin did not die in the city, and the Ming Dynasty was high." In the era when the gate valve system prevailed, it undoubtedly made him feel a heavy sense of oppression. It makes a person's ambition impossible to realize, so his heart is full of loneliness and depression.

The following eight sentences describe in detail the life of officials and tourists who spent a lot of money to visit and go out to be officials in the Ming Dynasty: "There are twelve avenues in Beijing, with various scales of soaring. Officials are flowers and tourists are light. The stars are not in the morning, but the porch has arrived. Guests flock to it, and the pommel horse shines. " Roads in the capital extend in all directions, and tall houses are as dense as fish scales. An official's hat swings with a gorgeous long tassel, and tourists ride fast horses to Beijing. In the early morning when the stars are not rare, bureaucrats' cars have come like clouds, colorful and shining on the earth. The poet seized these typical scenes and tried to exaggerate and describe them, showing the prosperity and extravagance of Beijing and the prevalence of entertainment.

Then, the pen of the poem turned: "When it is cold and hot, the spring scenery is prosperous and charming." Summer and winter change quickly. Therefore, today's prosperity and beautiful spring scenery are only temporary, and the twists and turns of heat dissipation reveal the mood of pinning hopes on the future.

"Junping is lonely and his life experience is abandoned." Only Yan Junping did not admire Li Rong, abandoned the secular world and was willing to be lonely. The world doesn't need him, and he doesn't want to be promoted. Selling divination for a living in Chengdu, earning 100 yuan a day, reading Laozi behind closed doors, and not seeking fame in my life. While praising Yan Junping, who is poor and unswerving, the poet also expressed his feelings about his life experience, thus expressing his open-mindedness and open-minded spirit towards his official career.

This poem is very artistic. First of all, the language of the poem is gorgeous and vivid. In the poem, some radical phrases such as "Gong Fei", "Huaying" and "Lightness" are used to describe the houses, costumes and horses of dignitaries, vividly revealing their luxury, describing high-rise buildings with "row upon row" and describing bureaucrats' cars one after another like clouds. Accurate language and vivid metaphor make poetry present a luxurious color and expose the life of the ruling class.

Secondly, the conception transcends the secular and the detailed description is just right. Most of the poems try their best to describe the luxury and luxury of Beijing, and only the last two sentences about Junping's life are enough to set off Junping's loneliness. The pursuit of wealth is in sharp contrast with the pursuit of happiness and poverty, which has a strong artistic effect.

clothes made of common cloth

Yan Zun, whose name is Junping, was born in Shu County (now Sichuan) in the Western Han Dynasty. Strictly abide by the thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi, live in seclusion in Chengdu, and make a living by divination. I only tell fortune for a few people every day. When I earn enough for my daily life, I will stop telling fortune and concentrate on studying Laozi. Strictly observing Lao Zi's Gui Zhi makes Taoism more organized. Yang Xiong was a strict teacher when he was young. He praised Yan Zun for "not making mistakes, not treating diseases, and staying in seclusion for a long time without changing exercise, although it is immeasurable." Later generations named the street where he lived "Junping Street" to commemorate Yan Zun.

Bao Zhao's poem "Ode to History" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Jun Ping is lonely, and his life experience is abandoned."

Tang Li Bai's poem "Send a friend to Shu": "Rise and fall should be decided, Mo Wen Junping."

Song Shen Liao's poem "The First Two Mountains": "You have the rest of your life, and Mo Wen is flat."

Song Xin Qi Ji's poem "Jiang Shenzi": "May I ask Jun Ping about Lingcha and Gui Lu?"

Li Guang's "The Original Rhyme of Autumn Leaves": "Jun is still compassionate and constant. I don't ask whether Jun Ping is rising or falling."

Chen Yinque's Can Chun: "Crossing the river is difficult to save hunger, but it is more intimate to give up the world."