How to evaluate Wu Sangui objectively?

Later, it was verified that Wu Sangui was loyal to the Ming royal family. In those days, the Qing soldiers entered the customs because the backstage was troubled by a plague, so the Ming army in Beijing soon perished, and the Li Zicheng army also suffered a plague. Wu Sangui wanted to lead the Qing soldiers into the customs first, and it was Dourgen and Li Zicheng who used the plague to lose both sides. In the end, he took advantage of the fishermen himself.

Of course, this is a family statement. Believe it or not.

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In the history of China, 1644 is a very special year, the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the first year of Yongchang and the first year of Shunzhi.

In Beijing, a thousand-year-old ancient capital, I saw the king's flag changing above the city. Within a year, three emperors sat in the imperial palace.

36 1 year, the history that happened in Peking that year and its influence on China have been discussed for a long time.

When I was young, I came into contact with this period of history, which was reading Guo Moruo's "Three Hundred Years Festival of Shen Jia". In that era of scarce resources

Read that pamphlet over and over again. This famous article, written at the end of the Anti-Japanese War, became corrupt after Dashun Army entered the city.

It seems that even a few years later, before the army entered Beijing, Mao Zedong also warned that he would seize the world's * * * filmmakers, one

We must learn from the lessons of Li Zicheng.

Is history really like this? What caused the great changes in Beijing in the spring of 1644?

The Ming dynasty began to decline from Wanli, and its demise was inevitable, but it did not last until the seventeenth year of Chongzhen.

? Although Chongzhen is suspicious and changeable, he is still a diligent and good emperor among the emperors of the Ming Dynasty. North, Manchu

Huang taiji's new funeral, dourgen came to power, internal instability, temporarily won't aggressively invade. There are uprisings everywhere, but they are rich.

Jiangnan is intact. The only thing in urgent need is Li Zicheng. Why can't you hide?

Although Li Chuang cut all the way, it also occupied Shaanxi. In the Ming dynasty, the capital was paid more attention than other provinces, and heavy troops always gathered in Beijing.

. Three battalions claim 470,000. Although there are many imaginary numbers, there should be half. Although the combat effectiveness is not strong, it has been clear many times.

Enemy at the Gates and Beijing Battalion are also battle-hardened. Beijing has a strong city defense, and foreign enemies have arrived many times since Anshan.

The city gate cannot be breached. During the Chongzhen period, the Manchu dynasty also hit Beijing many times, and the Beijing battalion was not necessarily good in the field, but at least it could hold on to the city.

After a few months, except for the help of the red cannon. The offensive ability of the army is very poor, and Ning Wuguan will lose tens of thousands of elite.

What is attacking Beijing like taking something out of a bag?

It is difficult to explain why Chongzhen did not move south and ordered the prince to go south. The king is a hero when he dies, but who wants to?

Be the king of national subjugation. Different from other dynasties, the Ming dynasty took Nanjing as its capital, and so did the previous dynasties when the prince was stationed in Nanjing. Chongzhenbu

As for fatuity to this extent, Nanming later perished because of the imperial system. It can be said that Chongzhen is approaching the invading army.

I don't believe that the city is trapped, and the civil and military also have this confidence, otherwise they would have fled in all directions.

There is a saying that malicious officials in Chongzhen tried to escape, deliberately preventing the prince from going south, and everyone hanged themselves from a tree. such

The guess is too wide of the mark. It should be said that Chongzhen did not believe that the city was besieged when the army approached. Wu Sangui will arrive in a few days. Once he rushes over,

The army is under the fortified city, and diligent military forces from all over the country will also come one after another. Chongzhen does not need to defend the city for a long time, as long as it can persist.

It will get better this month.

The most incredible thing is that, on the occasion of Enemy at the Gates, Li Zicheng, eunuch Du Xun, was sent to make peace with Chongzhen.

The conditions are: "discuss the division of the northwest region and be king, reward the army with one million yuan, and retreat to Henan", "I am willing to stop for the imperial court."

In particular, Qunkou can help Liao Francisco by recruiting soldiers, rather than by imperial edict and worship. "Since I'm going to town, I should offer such a discount.

Conditions? Chongzhen refused to accept it when the country was subverted. Li Zicheng has occupied Shaanxi and Henan, whether to cut capital.

Same. Besides, he has established himself as a king. Now it's a matter of taking out 1 million pieces of silver, which he can also use to destroy.

Zhang and others even rebelled against Manchu. Even if the outcome is too big to fail in the future, it will be ten thousand times stronger than national subjugation. Suppose chongzhen connection

Through the alliance of Doors, Li Zicheng will be eliminated and lose the victory.

1644 March 17 The day before the siege, both inside and outside the city decided that Beijing was impregnable, which was a wrong judgment.

Where did it come from?

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In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng led the Dashun army eastward, with the aim of plundering rather than seizing the world. Later generations are all caused by things.

On the whole, Li Zicheng thinks the time is ripe, so he wants to take Beijing. In fact, he tried to retreat or turn several times on his way to the East.

Especially after Ning Wuguan lost. If the defenders of Datong had not come to surrender, they might have returned or diverted to Jianghuai.

Even at the gates of Beijing, Dashun's ministers still don't think they can easily break into the city.

40 days after entering the city and leaving the city, after the First World War in Shanhaiguan, the invincible Dashun army was in flight, and there was no war since then.

Played a decent battle. If it is corruption, it is hard to believe that it will be completely different within 40 days. Since ancient times

There are many rebels in Beijing, and there are many who are more greedy than robbing people. They have never lost their fighting capacity in such a short time.

Huang Chao, for example, can resist the North after withdrawing from Chang 'an. In contrast, the rush department has the shortest time to go to Beijing, but

It is the combat effectiveness that has fallen the most.

If Li Zicheng's troops are like this, it's hard to explain their previous exploits. Some people think that he brought it into Beijing.

With so many people, Shanhaiguan lost its elite in World War I, but what about the troops that stayed in Shaanxi? There is also a saying that it is because of bandits.

This is also the reason why the Taiping heavenly kingdom can last for a long time. However, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is also a rogue, and it will not leave when it arrives in Nanjing. Lizi

Cheng has already laid the foundation in the hit at this time. He is not a rogue. When moving eastward, there must be many troops left behind in the rear and along the line, which

How can a group of people who have never suffered losses have no fighting capacity?

Chongzhen can't keep Beijing because Beijing has been abandoned by others. Why did Li Zicheng withdraw immediately after he proclaimed himself emperor? Shanhaiguan World War I, Wu

The army and the Qing army fought badly, and they didn't even have the ability to pursue them. Although Li Zicheng suffered heavy casualties, it was not completely annihilated.

Why not rely on Beijing's complete city defense to defend? Li Zicheng led more than 200,000 people to crusade against Wu Sangui, and he brought them to Beijing.

It's more than that. At that time, Beijing decided that it would definitely leave heavy troops in Beijing. There are three battalions of soldiers, add up.

There should be hundreds of thousands more. Why not stay, but leave in a hurry and let Wu Sangui be chased like a lost dog?

There is also a saying that Shanhaiguan lost the elite of Li Zicheng. Even so, other second-rate troops should also

A little fighting capacity. Li Zicheng won't take all the elites to Shanhaiguan, because there are too many deaths in Beijing 3rd Battalion.

, need to leave cronies and soldiers to guard.

Li Zicheng fought for decades, and his troops were the most effective of all bandits. Even if they suffer losses, they won't be without it.

The power to fight back. And his generals, why are these battle-hardened generals not outstanding after withdrawing from Beijing?

Now? Why is there such a completely different situation in the whole army? On the other hand, Zhang was also defeated in World War I, and later,

And Li Dingguo beheaded the king. Why are Li Zicheng's men so stupid?

Before I went to Beijing, I also went to Beijing, Luoyang and Xi 'an. These are big cities. Why did my complete corruption happen when I entered Beijing?

? After leaving Beijing, even Xi 'an couldn't keep it, and Li Zicheng was killed or became a monk. Finally, this is not betrayal.

But there is a large army that just can't fight.

What Li Zicheng brought to Beijing was not a mob, nor was it a decoration. He confronted Ning Guan at Shanhaiguan.

The good performance of the front line also shows that the theory of corruption is incorrect. At least in front of Shanhaiguan, Linbu can fight, why only?

The power of World War I?

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Look at Wu Sangui, this time plays an important role. On March 7, he accepted the order, on March 10, he gave up Ningyuan, and on March 16.

Arriving at Shanhaiguan, for a 200,000 people with mixed military and civilian, this speed should not be deliberately dawdling. Wu Sangui

You can leave the people and fly to Beijing, but Li Zicheng hasn't arrived in Beijing yet, so there's no need to be in such a hurry. March 18.

Wu Sangui, who has not settled down the families of the officers and men and the people in Liaodong, sent troops to rescue the two capitals, but this day the capitals have fallen.

Trapped. This time, Wu Sangui is single-minded.

On March 23rd, after the news of Chongzhen's death, Wu Sangui defected to Dashun. On March 27th, Wu Sangui arrived in the distance.

Yutian, about 260 miles away from Beijing, learned that Dashun army raped and plundered in Beijing, tortured civil and military dignitaries for gold and silver, and the Wu family.

Also involved in trouble. At night, "I was scared and cried, and all six armies were lost, and I was angry and rushed to the crown." I turned around and attacked Shanhaiguan. During these four days,

What happened?

After Wu Sangui's rebellion, Li Zicheng's personal expedition shows that in his eyes, Wu Sangui is a strong enemy, otherwise Liu Zongmin and others can send troops.

Yes Why can't such an important person wait a few days, and must go to the Wu family to ask for gold, silver and Chen Yuanyuan? Ming dynasty officials

Many members surrendered, and Li Zicheng has always given preferential treatment to military commanders who are mercenaries. Why are you so strict with Wu Sangui?

That torture Wu Xiang, even demanding Chen Yuanyuan is false. Even if it is true, Wu Sangui's anger is also a kind of beauty.

His sergeant may not want to. At that time, all localities surrendered. Why is Wu Jun the only one? If he wants to give up, he will give up.

Sentence for rebellion? Revenge for the Ming Dynasty cannot be justified, because Wu Xian surrendered and rebelled. Why should I know today?

Wu Sangui is the representative of Liaodong Military Group, not a reckless Beowulf. What he did should be taken from Liaodong Military Region Group.

For the benefit, otherwise the subordinates will not obey absolutely. The decisive battle between Beiguan and Li Zicheng is extremely risky. Even with the help of Manchu,

With the forces that galloped in the Central Plains before Li Zicheng, it is hard to predict the outcome. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, people's hearts were unstable. Why did Wu San do it?

Guangxi troops are so new?

During the World War I in Shanhaiguan, Wu suffered heavy casualties and was able to pursue Li Zicheng and Lien Chan won a winning streak in front of Shanhaiguan.

A close game is completely different. But why suddenly stopped chasing, just because Li Zicheng returned to Chen Yuanyuan? Wusan

If Gui values family feud more than national hatred, how can anyone work for him? Manchu won't let him be the king of the southwest.

Finally, the Manchu dynasty, Shanhaiguan World War I only used two flags, which can be said to be more Manchu than other northern nomads.

It is the easiest to capture North China. The main force is intact, and the battle between spring and summer is just the right time. But why this year besides chasing Li Zi in the west?

Going outside, not going to Jiangnan, but letting the Nanming small court be established? Dourgen and Fan Wencheng, Hong Chengchou, both of them.

You know, the most dangerous thing is not hooligans, but cleanliness. Then Li Dingguo, Zheng Chenggong held high great eyes.

Flag, almost. And those rich people in the Qing dynasty who aimed at robbery should know that the northwest was broken and the south was broken.

It is fertile land. Why did Manchu delay this year in vain? If Jun Qing didn't have Zuo Liangyu, a soldier of the Qing army.

It may be difficult to cross the river, and Song Jin's story will repeat itself.

1644 What touched the history of Beijing from March to April?

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History is law and necessity in the eyes of future generations, and disorder and accident in the eyes of people at that time. Occasionally, big or small.

History, at least local history, is unpredictable. These accidents are often ignored by historians because they see a fait accompli.

Real. History can't be assumed, but accidents in history or things ignored by people at that time or even modern people are often

The real motive force of history.

On this planet, human beings are the masters, but besides human beings, there are animals, plants and natural environment.

Non-human things can create history, because history not only belongs to human beings, but also is the diary of this planet. 164

In the four years in Beijing, it is not who or a group of people who decide history, but the ubiquitous bacteria invisible to the naked eye.

1644, people didn't know what bacteria were, although they were much older than human history. In Chinese

In historical records, pandemics often represent the prevalence of infectious diseases caused by bacteria. In the stormy late Ming dynasty, the great plague

It is popular many times in the north. Plague began to appear in Shanxi during the Wanli period. Chongzhen six years, Shanxi epidemic, ten.

In 2008, there was a pandemic in all parts of Shanxi, reaching the peak in 16 and 17. During the thirteenth to seventeenth years of Chongzhen, Henan and Jiangsu also went to war many times.

There is a pandemic. Near Beijing, in the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, Shunde and Hejian were very popular. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Tongzhou and Changping States

There was a pandemic in Baoding and it was introduced to Beijing. Shi Ming said, "The epidemic in the capital is from February to September." And Shanxi.

The situation is the same. In the second year of the first epidemic, that is, in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the great epidemic in Beijing reached its peak, which happened to be.

Between March and April.

What is this pandemic that runs through North China? It is human nature that there are dead rats in the east and dead rats in the west, and people see dead rats as tigers.

The most important infectious disease in history: plague. At that time, people didn't know the route of transmission, because every epidemic saw death.

The mouse, knowing that it had something to do with the death of the mouse, got the name plague. 250 years later, Japanese Kitasato Shibasaburo and French.

Yersin isolated a Bacillus from the plague patients in Hong Kong, and people began to prove that this Bacillus was the source of the plague.

I learned about the plague and found a way to prevent it. But in 1644, people can only do nothing in the face of the plague.

The most famous plague epidemic in history was the Black Death, which wiped out nearly half of the population in Europe in the14th century. The black death was

It spreads from mouse to mouse and from mouse to human through flea bites. It has a rapid onset and a high mortality rate. But this kind of

The first place of this disease is hot and humid, just like Italy on the Mediterranean Sea. At the same time, the sanitary conditions are very poor, and there are fleas and rats everywhere.

. Although the sanitary environment in North China in the Ming Dynasty was not so good, the climate was dry and there was winter, which was not suitable for large-scale flea breeding.

Why is plague also prevalent? Unlike the Black Death, the plague prevalent in North China has a long incubation period and a low mortality rate.

There are no black spots in the world, and there is often bleeding, so that some people still think it is not a plague.

The answer to this question was discovered by a famous doctor, Lian Dewu, during the plague epidemic in Northeast China in the early 20th century, which proved that there are two kinds of plague.

Kindness What caused the Black Death was bubonic plague, which was spread by fleas. Pneumonic plague is prevalent in northern China and spreads through respiratory tract.

An effective way to prevent transmission is to wear a mask. Mask mask, 1644 Where does anyone know what a mask is? Until 359

After the spring, masks were not made in Beijing. This is SARS, which is also a serious infectious disease spread through the respiratory tract.

The development period is also spring.

This also proves that the dry climate in Beijing in spring is suitable for the survival of respiratory pathogens and makes them leave the human body.

Can last for a while. So is the flu, so is SARS, so is the plague. When Li Zicheng Enemy at the Gates, North

The plague in Beijing is the critical moment of sudden outbreak. Think of the panic situation when Sass was in Beijing, such as

If you have enemies, how do you keep them? How many stacks are there in Beijing with three stacks and one soldier? The third battalion is empty again, ten points.

One of them will get it. "Whip a person and he will lie back as usual", is this a diversion? Just kill a COP.

, Li Zicheng department has always been cruel, don't you want to die? Because of the epidemic of plague, I was weak and incompetent after infection.

For strength.

Beijing's overcrowding is just conducive to the epidemic of plague. Plague is prevalent among people, soldiers and officials in poor living environment.

Now the family is little affected, so Chongzhen in the deep palace doesn't know, nor does Li Zicheng outside the city, so it's just a discussion.

The story of peace. Li Zicheng wanted a punitive siege, but before he started, people guarding the city offered their cities in succession. this is because

Everyone knows we can't stay. Without the plague, it's useless. It's strong with cannons and strong city defenses.

How many days?

In this way, Li Zicheng entered Beijing with incredible ease, and at the same time, he found it incredibly.

The bustling capital in his dream is now like a ghost town.

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Whether it is a ghost town or not, those who have been to Beijing will not quit. Li Zicheng has established himself in Xi 'an, so it's easy.

What are you waiting for if you don't ascend to the throne in Beijing? So Dashun's elite soldiers stayed in Beijing, either in the military camp or in the military camp.

Accommodation, soldiers should also be incorporated, and there are countless opportunities for close contact. The plague began to spread among these foreigners.

4 1 day It is not the world of flowers and flowers in Beijing that quickly loses its combat effectiveness, but the cough bacteria in the city.

Now that you have won the capital, why are you in such a hurry to recover it from officials? Don't you know the importance of stabilizing people's hearts?

However, Li Zicheng has no choice. The palace is empty, the people are poor and sick, and only officials have oil and water. In case of plague.

I can't hold it any longer. I have to lick my feet. Actually, Li Zicheng and his family didn't do it. Since ancient times, rebels have entered the city and burned it.

Killing and plundering, judging from the ugly historical records, Li Zicheng is civilized. How many times have princes and nobles been slaughtered?

Killed, I didn't expect to leave it in Beijing so soon.

Li Zicheng's crusade against Wu Sangui was controversial because of the epidemic of plague and serious attrition. if it were not for

Why did Li Zicheng once dominate before entering the GATT? Let's talk about pneumonic plague. The incubation period of this plague can be as long as more than 20 days.

That is, I was sick for more than 20 days. This virulent infectious disease with a long incubation period is widespread because it has no onset and

Like normal people, they can continue to infect others The troops that Li Zicheng brought to Shanhaiguan are the rest, and they are not sick yet.

Those people, the fighting capacity is still there. Some of these people died in Shanhaiguan, and those who fled back became sick one after another, and so did Li.

Men in Zicheng are all plague patients, even if they are cured, they are very weak, and it is not bad to run away. That's why Li

Since I came down from Shanhaiguan, I have been unable to keep Beijing, and I have been defeated in a row since I left Beijing. All the way back to the past to spread the plague, "

Where thieves pass by, the epidemic situation is great, and people who don't pass by are not infected. "Stay around the troops also contracted the plague, so they gave up Shaanxi and xi 'an.

Finally defeated Jiugong Mountain. The invincible lion was wiped out by the plague, and when he joined hands with Nan Ming, it was already a mob.

There are many records in history that plague caused the death of an army. Marching and fighting are most afraid of plague. Li Hongzhang was deeply impressed.

Experienced, the biggest feeling of inspecting the Western Army is that the Western Army put medical officers first, which led to the opening and training of Beiyang Medical Hall.

Raise a military doctor. Under the ancient sanitary conditions and medical standards, once the plague appeared in the barracks, the whole army would surrender without a fight.

Collapse, how many times the victory in his hand was taken away by the plague, so was Li Zicheng, but it was a pity that he lost it.

People's feelings made future generations ignore the role of plague.

When he left Xi 'an, there were two roads in front of Li Zicheng. One is to manage Henan and Hubei, seize Jianghuai, and the other is to advance.

In Beijing, he finally adopted Gu Junen's middle straight strategy. Judging from the result of seizing Beijing, this is a good plan. can

Is the invisible hand of the plague, so that Li Zicheng, whose ass is unstable on the throne, quickly perishes. If we make steady progress,

Steady strategy, first stabilize the occupied land, and then seize Beijing, the outcome is completely different. The demise of the Ming dynasty is

Sooner or later, in the north, no other rebels fought with him except Manchu. Why not wait another year? This is the place.

Call it a death reminder.

Insisting on the crusade against Wu Sangui is also a rotten game. Wu Sangui will not take the initiative to attack Peiping, nor will it surrender to the Qing Dynasty. big

Military siege can only push Wu Sangui to the Manchu Dynasty. If Wu Sangui solved the problem immediately after occupying Peiping, the military strength would still be intact at that time.

Is Li Zicheng's only chance to surrender by war. The ancients were superstitious and often blamed the pandemic on providence. The pandemic was broken.

Sent the life of chongzhen, also make Li Zicheng's men centrifugal from Germany, no one.

Later generations analyzed the downfall of Li Chuang, and many strange theories emerged one after another, but they just ignored this opportunity. Li Zicheng

Song Xiance, as a military adviser, observed astronomical phenomena and divination, but unfortunately, he could not read a microscope. Li Chuang's failure can only be blamed on the weather.

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From March 23 to March 27, Wu Sangui surrendered and rebelled, not because he knew that his family had been abused.

Stay, but know the actual situation of the capital, know Dashun army plague epidemic, he dare not retreat from World War I.. Liaodong army under his command.

People like him saw the hope of dominating in the plague, so they followed him back to Shanhaiguan without hesitation.

Wu Sangui's abacus, Li Zicheng will not fight with him in the great plague, and he will be tortured by the plague in a few months.

Beijing belongs to him in Wu Sangui. At that time, either foster a new monarch, hold the son of heaven to make the princes, or divide the country in North China.

. Being in Wu Sangui, Liaodong, and because his home is in Beijing, he knows the epidemic situation in Beijing very well, and he will expect it to be popular in autumn.

God, that's why I dare to be angry.

It is said that Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs, hoping to use them to wipe out bandits, and then coax them back with gold and silver treasures. Wusan

Gui has been an enemy of the Qing army since he was a child. It would be so naive there. Besides, there were Fan Wencheng and Hong Chengchou in the Qing Dynasty. How could he hide it?

Must pass? Wu Sangui will not fail to consider introducing Qing soldiers into the pass. This is a sinner and a Shi Jingtang. This kind of history

When did the man who lured the wolf into the room go back easily?

Wu Sangui is sensible and won't charge this fee. His real idea is to introduce Manchu into the epidemic area and let this

The plague helped him wipe out two great enemies. After arriving in Beijing, Wu Sangui did not stay in the epidemic area, and led his army to pursue Li Zicheng. male

Knowing that now is the best time, despite his heavy casualties, Li Zicheng has no strength to fight back, and he

You can't stay in Beijing and make your people lose their fighting capacity. I stopped chasing after half of it, because my man also.

I'm starting to feel sick.

Before entering the customs, "white bones are full of wild things, and three years are not over." After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Chongzhen was buried. Why don't you order it?

Party officials accept corpses and listen to them expose the wilderness? It's not like the weather in the new dynasty. The reason is still the plague. Who dares to accept the sick body?

After the Qing army entered the customs, some of them followed Wu Sangui in pursuit of Li Zicheng, and a large part of them were stationed in Beijing.

Everything, in those days, except Shunzhi ascended the throne, had no intention of going south at all. Looking at Nanjing, the establishment of a small court has gradually become.

Climate, its reason is also infected with the plague after entering Beijing. Wu Sangui's plan to become a monk almost succeeded, but it was still a good time.

. Did Manchu enter the customs because of the weather or because of the weather?

According to historical records, the plague did spread in Beijing and North China until September 1644, but Manchu and Han were divided into two parts.

There is no mixed living, and there are few contact opportunities. The weather in Manchu and Qing Dynasties is getting hotter and hotter, and the bacteria that leave the human body are not easy to survive.

Live, the plague did not spread among Manchu people on a large scale like Dashun Army. Even so, it still has a certain popularity.

As a result, the Qing dynasty could not go south.

But just like the situation in Shanxi, after two years of continuous popularity, it will not be popular in the third year. Serious infectious diseases have become popular.

Even today, scientists can only say that some natural laws that cannot be explained so far are providence. Not only 164

It was not popular for five years, and it became popular on a small scale in the next few years. Why? In the second year of Shunzhi, the weather began to be favorable and it was no longer dry.

Dry, so there is no large-scale plague. After all, Wu Sangui's brilliant plan can't compare with the weather.

Plague, the black hand in the dark, caused the overestimation of the fighting power of Manchu at that time and later generations, because even the Central Plains

Li Zicheng was defeated in World War I, and it is generally believed that the Manchu army was very strong in the battle. In fact, since then, Zheng Chenggong and Li Ding

Judging from China's record, leading non-hero troops can almost sweep the south, but the fighting capacity of Manchu troops is not.

It's so powerful, because not many people entered the customs, and they all surrendered and joined later. The so-called children of the Eight Banners will not survive for three generations.

War cannot be said to be wrong, but it is not so absolute.

The Manchu dynasty seized the world with hundreds of thousands of people, and the plague helped a lot. Nowadays, it is the northern nationalities that people praise Dourgen.

When they invaded the Central Plains, their leader was no less competent than Dourgen. Except Mongolia,

None of them, because there is no plague.

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In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in order to promote Liu and suppress Cao, there is a famous saying: the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony. Ancient occupation

Those who get the right place are on the defensive, those who get the world rely on the Central Plains for deer, and those who get the right place are the most biased. Not to mention human harmony.

After that, people's hearts are like iron, and official laws are like a furnace. Dynasty changes, which one is not killing people like hemp, bleeding into rivers? The so-called hearts turn back.

Because the people are tired of war and support the powerful side. Therefore, the most important thing is the timing and timing of the return of the three countries.

Isn't it the right place at the right time and lost to the right place?

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, love ear! The so-called weather, there are world trends and opportunities, but also the impact of the natural environment, which

Including the epidemic of diseases. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the dispute between Liang and Jin began, and Liang Jun took the lead and surrounded Taiyuan several times, all because of the great epidemic.

The little soldier lost more than half and stopped fighting. Finally, he was defeated by the Jin Army. There are many similar examples, and this unpredictability is what makes history.

Colorful internal reasons.

Why did it never rains but it pours in Ming Dynasty? There is also a plague in the north, which can be described as a desire to destroy the Ming Dynasty. But look closely,

What caused the demise of the Ming Dynasty? To take a step back, why does Beijing change from 65438 to 0644 three times a year? Let's put one question of Manchu first.

Borders, hooligans and plagues are actually homologous, all because of land merger.

People lost their land, and there are two ways out. One is to become refugees and hungry people, and finally have no choice but to join bandits. two

Is land reclamation, a large number of farmers who lost their land went to grassland reclamation through Shanxi. Grassland used to be the territory of wild rats, and people gradually

Invasion of rat territory, this is the wild rat that has been in contact with the plague. Since Wanli, Shanxi has been regularly

The epidemic of plague is precisely because of the gradual erosion of grassland.

Why is Li Zicheng unlucky? This should start with the spread of epidemics. Being infected is not like poisoning. Poisoning will consume you.

The medicine was spilled into the well, and the whole village became sick after eating. Infectious diseases are transmitted from animals to people, or from people to people.

It is in the form of one pass or several passes, starting from a point, then covering a small area, and finally overwhelming a large area.

Land. There is a critical point from point to surface to overwhelming, that is, suitable environmental climate and sufficient sources of infection.

As far as Beijing is concerned, infectious diseases are most likely to spread in March and April in spring, which is also proved by the situation in Shanxi during Chongzhen period.

The peak of plague occurred in these two months, which was the accumulation stage before, and then gradually declined because of the hot weather. It is precisely these two

Last month, Li Zicheng was stationed in Beijing.

Another factor in the epidemic of infectious diseases is the large number of people. The plague on the grassland never stopped, but it didn't catch on because

Not too many people. Plague is prevalent in Beijing because the capital is densely populated. Originally, this year was the climax of the plague, in the most

Gaodian suddenly poured into hundreds of thousands of foreigners and became the heir of Yersinia pestis. After years of plagues, Beijing residents were miserable.

At least there is some resistance in it. As a result, newcomers have never experienced it before, so it's strange not to catch up quickly.

So the epidemic of plague moved from Beijing citizens and soldiers of the 3rd Battalion to Dashun Army, and Li Zicheng's troops became.

Visited the main epidemic areas of plague. When Li Zicheng withdrew from Beijing, most of the plague patients and infected people left the north.

Jing. After the Qing soldiers entered Beijing, the weather began to get hot. On the one hand, there were not many plague patients and infected people in Beijing at that time.

One reason is that people infected with plague are either cured or die. At best, it is fragmented and has not spread on a large scale.

The cardinal number of the broadcast.

Ming died not because of the plague, but because of the suffering of the people. It was Li Chuang who died of the plague, and the world also belonged to the Qing Dynasty.

The mouse and the little bacteria on it. History is sometimes visible to the naked eye and sometimes invisible. 1644.

The history of spring in Beijing is invisible to the naked eye. It is this invisible history that is recognized by historians.

Neglected "the rise and fall of a country has its own time."

1644 In the spring, many people in Beijing cough. In frequent coughs, things invisible to the naked eye change the calendar.

History, the head of the city changed to the flag of the king.