How did Emperor Chongzhen die?

Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park.

In the 16th year of Chongzhen (1643), Li Zicheng captured Xiangyang, Jingzhou, De 'an and Chengtian, Zhang was trapped, and Zuo Liangyu fled to Chizhou, Anhui. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), on March 1st, Datong fell and Beijing was in danger. On the fourth day, Emperor Chongzhen appointed Wu Sangui as Pingxibo, airlifted Sangui to the capital, and Wu Xiang was appointed as the prefect of Beijing Camp.

On the 6th, Li Zicheng captured Fu Xuan, and the eunuch Du Xun surrendered. /kloc-on 0/5, Li Jiantai, a university student, surrendered, and the Li Zicheng Department began to surround Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty faced a catastrophe. Eunuch Cao Huachun said, "If Zhong Xian were here, current affairs wouldn't be here." In the two-front battle with the peasant uprising army and the Qing army, the Ming army has completely lost its combat effectiveness.

On March 17, peasant rebels surrounded the capital. /kloc-On the evening of 0/8, Emperor Chongzhen and his personal eunuch Wang Chengen boarded Jingshan Park (also known as Wanshou Mountain, now Jingshan in Beijing) and looked at the bonfires outside the city and around Zhangyimen, just sighing and wandering silently. Li Zicheng's army invaded Beijing.

Eunuch Wang Lian urgently told the emperor that Emperor Chongzhen was drinking in the palace and sighed, "Suffering my people!" Eunuch Zhang Yin advised the emperor to surrender and was stabbed to death with a sword. Emperor Chongzhen ordered the Prince, Wang Yong and Wang Ding to be sent to patrol Zhou Kui and Tian Hong to meet their families. After returning to the palace, he wrote down the imperial edict and ordered lord protector Zhu to lead the troops, while Fu Jun led the troops.

He also ordered Queen Zhou, Yuan Guifei and three sons to enter the palace. He simply told his son a few words and ordered the eunuch to send them to his consorts' home to escape. He cried and said to Queen Zhou, "You are the mother of the country and should be a martyr." Queen Zhou also cried and said, "I have followed you since 18, and your majesty has never heard a word from me, which led to today."

Since your majesty ordered me to die, how dare I not die? "Say that finish untie yourself and die. Emperor Chongzhen turned to Yuan Guifei and said, "Go with the Queen! "Yuan Guifei cried goodbye and hanged herself.

Emperor Chongzhen also called Princess Changping, who was 15 years old, and said with tears, "How did you come to the imperial palace?" After covering her face with her left sleeve, her right hand pulled out a knife and cut her left arm, and then cut her right shoulder. She fainted. At the same time, he stabbed his six-year-old daughter Princess Akihito to death with his sword.

Emperor Chongzhen hacked to death several concubines, and ordered Empress Yi 'an and Zhang to commit suicide. Yi An and Queen Zhang made several bows across the curtain, and then hanged themselves. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/9, Li Zicheng insurgents entered Beijing from Zhangyimen.

Then Emperor Chongzhen rode out of Donghuamen with dozens of eunuchs, holding a three-eye gun in his hand, and was blocked by disorderly arrows. Then he ran to Qihuamen (Chaoyangmen), lord protector Zhu closed the door and turned to Andingmen. The defenders here are scattered, the gate is locked, and the eunuch can't split it with an axe. At dawn on March 19, the fire started and returned to the palace. It's already a sea of fire outside the city.

At this time, it will be dawn. Emperor Chongzhen will ring a bell in the front hall to call 100 officials, but no one will come. Emperor Chongzhen said, "I was the fault of all my ministers, and your monarch died in 277. Once abandoned, all traitors will make mistakes, that's all. " Finally, he hanged himself on a crooked-neck tree in Jingshan, with his left foot bare and his right foot wearing a red shoe. At the age of 33. Only the prefect eunuch Wang Chengen accompanied. ?

Before Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, he wrote a big word on his blue robe: "I have been in office for seventeen years. Although I have always been humble and arrogant, I have always been angry, but all my ministers misunderstood me, leading to traitors pushing the capital. When I died, I had no face to meet my ancestors in the underground, so I took off my crown and covered my face with my hair. Let the thief chop my body and don't hurt the people. "

Extended data:

Anecdotal allusions:

Study tirelessly:

Emperor Chongzhen is also a tireless scholar. He has read many books, including Four Books, Five Classics, History as a Mirror, History as a Mirror, University Extension, Zhenguan dignitaries, Emperor Zu Mingxun, Emperor Jiantu Shuo and so on.

He also ordered Wu Yingtang to write a book, draw portraits of wise kings and sages of past dynasties, write down "sincerity proverbs", make screens, and place them in Wenhua Hall and Wu Yingtang respectively, so as to motivate himself at any time. ?

Year name:

In the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), on August 24th, that is, more than ten days after the death of Ming Taizu Zhu Youxiao, Zhu Youjian proclaimed himself emperor in the imperial palace and changed his country name to Chongzhen. Zhu Youjian has considerable discretion in choosing the year number.

At that time, the cabinet minister offered him four titles to choose from. One is "to be holy", and Zhu Youjian said that "as a heaven, holiness is safe and bold"; Second, "Xing Fu", Zhu Youjian said that "ZTE is very good and not worth it"; The third is "Xian Jia". Zhu Youjian thinks that "salt is beside, so there is no need to call a truce now", so he chooses Chongzhen as the topic. ?

Monks and nuns match:

In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), the Qing army committed a winter crime. Shen Xun, the minister of the Ministry of War, put forward an absurd suggestion, asking Emperor Chongzhen to match nuns with monks from all over the country and put them in the Li family, so that one in every three could get hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Emperor Chongzhen actually thought that Shen Xun's suggestion was very reasonable and feasible, and immediately changed Shen Xun into a strategist and gave something.

Divination dream:

One night, Emperor Chongzhen dreamed that people had written the word "You", so he asked eunuchs to quietly open the word to catch good or bad luck. As soon as the eunuch said the word "yes" was removed and asked about military affairs, the gentleman said, "No! The word' you' indicates that Daming has already gone halfway.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Youjian