What does the black and red plum square in playing cards mean?

Heart-shaped, diamond, plum blossom and spades symbolize spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively.

According to legend, as early as the end of Qin Dynasty, during the struggle between Chu and Han, General Han Xin invented a card game to relieve soldiers' homesickness. Because these cards are only the size of leaves, they are called "Ye Zi Xi". ("leaf card", two fingers size. The "leaf card" with a length of 8 cm and a width of 2.5 cm is made of silk and paper, and the pattern is printed by woodcut. It is said that this is the embryonic form of playing cards.

In the 12 century, Kyle? Poirot brought this card game to Europe, which immediately aroused great interest from westerners. At first, it was only a luxury of nobles, but it soon became popular among the people because of its low cost, diverse gameplay and easy learning.

China people understand the four colors as spring, summer, autumn and winter.

The French understand the four colors as spear, square, clove leaf and red heart;

Germans understand the four colors as leaves, bells, acorns and hearts.

Italians understand the four colors as swords, coins, crutches and wine glasses;

The Swiss understand the four colors as acorns, bells, flowers and shields;

The British understand the four colors as shovel, diamond, clover and red heart.

Why to use these four patterns as the patterns and colors of playing cards has been said a lot. There are two kinds of centralized reports:

It is said that these four colors represent the four major industries of society at that time, among which spades represent spears and symbolize soldiers; Plum blossoms represent clover flowers and symbolize agriculture; Square represents bricks used by craftsmen; The heart represents the heart and symbolizes the priest.

On the other hand, these four colors come from the patterns of ancient European divination tools, in which spades represent olive leaves and symbolize peace; Plum blossom is a four-leaf clover, which means good luck; The square is a diamond, symbolizing wealth; The heart shape symbolizes wisdom and love.

The 54 patterns of playing cards are also wonderful to explain:

The king represents the sun, Xiao Wang represents the moon, and the remaining 52 cards represent 52 weeks in a year;

Heart-shaped, diamond, plum blossom and spades symbolize spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively.

There are 13 cards in each suit, which means there are 13 weeks in each season.

If J, Q and K are regarded as 1 1, 12, 13 points, then the king and Xiao Wang are half points, and the total number of points in a deck of playing cards is exactly 365 points. In leap years, Wang and Wang calculate 1 point and ***366 points respectively.

Experts generally believe that the above explanation is not a coincidence, because the design and invention of playing cards are inextricably linked with astrology, divination, astronomy and calendar.

Legend has it that Henry VIII is a model of four modes of K; The four portraits of the oldest existing English poker K all have curly beards, which are separated from each other like Henry VIII. It is also said that the models with four figures on Q are probably Queen Elizabeth of York family and Queen of henry vii. The manufacturing of French playing cards has been developing along the routes of various manufacturers. 18 13, the government issued an officially recognized design, giving each head card a name. Until now, many playing cards still use this name:

Spades, hearts and clubs

King David Charles Caesar Alexander

Judith Rachel Akini

Hogil Lacher Herlancelot stayed.

King of spades

David is the father of Solomon, who was the king of Israel in the 10 century BC. He plays the harp very well and writes many hymns in the Bible, so the picture of spades K often has the pattern of the harp.

spades q

Pallas of Greek Wisdom and pallas of Sivir? Athina is the only one of the four queens with weapons.

Spades J

Hogir is an attendant of Charles I (K of Hearts).

Red heart k

Charles I is the only king among the four kings who has no beard.

Red heart q

It's Queen Judith.

J of hearts

Lal is Charles VII's squire.

Square k

Julius Caesar is the king of the Roman Empire, and he is the only profile figure in the trump card of the Four Kingdoms.

Square q

Queen Lacker.

Square j

Hector was Charles I's squire.

Plum blossom k

Alexander was the first Macedonian king to conquer the world. He always wore jewelry with a cross on his clothes.

Plum blossom q

The word "Argine" is derived from the word "Regina" through letter conversion. She holds a wild rose in her hand, indicating that the Lancaster royal family symbolized by the red wild rose and the York royal family symbolized by the white wild rose finally reconciled after wars of the roses, and tied the wild roses of both sides together.

Plum blossom j

Lancelot was a knight in King Arthur's story.

In poker, the word refugee was originally used for J(JACK), and it was quite popular in Britain and continental Europe until the 1940s. Now it has been basically abandoned, but it is still used in some European countries, such as Sweden. One of the reasons why the word "JACK" instead of "refugee" can be quickly accepted by the public is that the first letter J of the word "JACK" can be easily used when recording or reporting card cases, or when using abbreviations, or when describing the process of playing cards. In the past, when the word "refugee" was used, KN had to be used. If only K was used, it would cause confusion.

From 65438 to 0840, foreign poker also entered China with foreigners after the Opium War. At that time, the imported poker mainly came from the United States and Japan, and Japanese poker sold well because of its low price. 193 1 year, a nationwide boycott of Japanese goods was launched to promote domestic products and develop industry. Shanghai native Huang Jinsheng founded Cuihua Brand Factory and trial-produced the first batch of poker in China-Red Lion Poker.