Appreciation of the Original Prose of the Pre-Qin Dynasty: Mandarin, Qin Invasion of Jin and Benefit from Qin Gong

Appreciation of the Original Prose of the Pre-Qin Dynasty: Mandarin, Qin Invasion of Jin and Benefit from Qin Gong

Six years (1), Qin year (2), handsome teachers invaded Jin, as for Han (3). Gong said, "Qin mouth is too deep, what can I do?" Zheng Qing said, "You hate it, but can you not be interested in it? Not what Zheng knows, your news is also 5. " Gong said, "My uncle is also ill." Bu You 7, Zheng Qingji. Gong said, "Zheng is not inferior." Take the servant as the right ⑧, climb the royal glory ⑨; Liang was defeated by Han bamboo slips and shot to the right (1 1).

Gong Yuqin asked Han Jian to look at the teacher and said, "There are fewer teachers than me, but more soldiers." Gong said, "Why?" Jane said, "Treat yourself when you come out (12), and it will be annoying when you come in. You are hungry, you did three things and didn't pay back the money, so you came. If we strike again today, Qin will not hesitate and Jin will not be lazy. Therefore, there are many combatants. " Gong said, "Of course. If I don't strike today, I will come back (13). You can not get married, but the country is good! " Han Jian was questioned by the public. He said, I dare not forget your past kindness. I have many people, and I can get along with them. If I give it back, I will. If you don't pay me back, I'll hide everything. "Mu Gongheng went out to see the messenger and said," I'm afraid you didn't do anything in the past. Your entry failed (14), so I dare not forget it. Now that you have done it, I will see it with my own eyes. "

After the guests came back, the palace went to remonstrate and said (15): "You didn't accept your son in the past, but accepted Jin Jun ... Either you succeed or you lose. If you are a vassal, why are you laughing? What are you waiting for? " Mu Gongzheng: "Of course. Yesterday, I didn't accept Zhong Er as my son, but Jin Jun, because I didn't show my virtue and bought clothes. However, my son Zhong Er refused, and I mocked him. What if you kill the inner Lord, bribe me behind my back, and put me in? If there is a cloud, I win. " You push the doctor into the car, and you play the drums. Jin division was defeated, and the military department stopped. Gong Hao Zheng Qing said, "Take me with you!" Zheng Qing said, "Forget kindness and betrayal of virtue, and abolish gypsies. Why should I take it? Zheng's car is not enough to humiliate you and avoid it! " Han Jian, Yu Yu, Liang Yu, Qin Gong (16), will stop, saying, "Save you!" It can't be saved, so it ends in Qin.

Mu Gonggui, as for Wang Cheng (17), conspired with the doctor and said, "Which is better, killing Jin Jun or expelling him, returning him or restoring him?" The son said (18): "The benefits of killing. Dare not build princes, if you return, the country will be even more embarrassed. If you come back, you will cooperate with the monarch and ministers. If you are afraid of worrying about the monarch, don't kill it. " Gong said, "No way. It is a shame that the men of a big country are in the Central Plains, and it is more important to kill their monarch. The son thinks that his father will take revenge, and the minister thinks that you will take revenge. Although it is slightly Qin, what is the problem in the world? " The son said, "Do you want me to kill my apprentice?" I will replace it with my son Zhong Er. 8 jin j knows everything, Zhong Er knows everything. It's brave to defeat a big country. There is no way to kill, but there is a way and benevolence. Winning is harmless, and wisdom is also. "Gong said," This is really a disgrace to the people of a country, and it is said that I have a way to be a daughter. Why not? "If you can't, laugh for the princes. Making fun of the prince by fighting is not martial arts. It is not kind to kill his brother and set up his brother, but to love me and forget his relatives. If you forget, it is unwise to do it again. " Jun said, "But what?" The Duke said, "If you don't pay back, you want the Jin State to succeed (19), restore the monarch and set up a son, so that the father and son were born in Qin, and the country can be harmless." Therefore, it belongs to Gong Hui, and Proton (20), Qin Shihuang knew the politics of Hedong. (2 1)

Note ① Six years: Six years in Jin Dynasty in 645 BC. 2 years old: the grain is abundant. There was a famine in Qin, and Jin borrowed food, but Jin refused. ③ Han: Hanyuan of the State of Jin, southwest of Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province. ④ Male: Jin, reigned from 650 BC to 599 BC. Zheng Qing: Dr. King. ⑤ Shooting: Shooting, Dr. Jin. ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ 931 ⑦ Right: It means that Guan Hui is on the right side of the chariot. In ancient times, the coach was in the middle, the coachman was on the left and the assistant coach was on the right. 8 A without a picture: Jin Yisheng. 9 Buyang: Jin Yisheng. Attending physician Liang: Jin Yisheng. (1 1) Han Jian: an official of the State of Jin. (12) Ji: Qin people claim to be. (13) Niu: Familiarity here means contempt. Column (14): Wei Jun. (15) GongSunZhi: GongSunZiSang of Qin State. (16) Tiao (Yayinya): Say "Tiao" to welcome you. (17) Wangcheng: the place name of Qin State, east of Chaoyi County, Shaanxi Province. (18) Gongzi (Yin Zhizhi): Gongzi Xian of Qin. (19) process: reconciliation. (20) Zilai: Jin's eldest son. (2 1) Hedong: Jin originally promised to give five cities in Hedong of Qin State, which is now the area east of the Yellow River in Shanxi Province.

In the sixth year of Jin Dynasty, the State of Qin had a bumper harvest. Qin Mugong led an army to invade the State of Jin and enter Hanyuan. Jin said to the doctor, "The invading army of Qin has penetrated deep into our country. What should we do? " Zheng Qing said, "You made Qin and us have a deep hatred. Can they make a shallow invasion? This matter is beyond the knowledge of people like me. You'd better ask him. " Jin Gonghui said: "Gunshots are not good at this." Divination who will be Jin's deputy, the result is to celebrate Zheng. Jin said; "Zheng Qing is not humble." Let the servant be his right-hand man and drive his chariot. Let Liang Yimi drive, and Guo She be the vice-driver, as the vice-driver of the gold personnel carrier.

Jin told the troops to stop him and ordered to check the positions of the two armies first. When he came back, he reported, "Qin has fewer troops than us, but more warriors than us." Kim said to him, "Why?" Han Jian said, "Because you took refuge in the State of Qin when you fled, it is also a boon for the State of Qin to return to China as a monarch. When the state of Jin was short of food, they gave food. We didn't return these three favors, so they invaded. Now we are going to fight with them again, so the soldiers of Qin are not angry, and the soldiers of Jin are not slack, so there are many warriors in Qin Jun, "Jin said." That's right. But if we retreat without fighting Qin Jun now, we will definitely be despised by them. No one can be despised, let alone a country! " Jin ordered him to meet him and let him say, "I dare not forget your original kindness." My army, now assembled, can no longer be dispersed. It's my wish if you can withdraw it. If you don't withdraw, I can't avoid this war, I can only fight. " Zhan Ji, who was obsessed with the carving in Qin Mugong's hand, came out to see Han Jian and said, "I'm worried that Jin Jun has fled abroad and won't come back to be your king. I dare not forget the hardships when he returned to China but the throne was unstable. Now that your monarch has consolidated his position, everything is ready. Let your monarch get ready and I will meet him personally. "

When the envoy of the state of Jin returned, the public came forward to remonstrate and said, "You didn't marry your son at the beginning, but gold. This is because you didn't make a noble man a monarch, but you made a man under our control. If we can't win the battle with him again, it will arouse all the princes to laugh at us. What can we do? Why not wait for their country to be chaotic? " Qin Mugong said, "You're right. At the beginning, I didn't marry this son, but married Kim. Indeed, I didn't make a moral man a gentleman, but a man who obeyed myself. But Zhong Er insisted on not being the monarch of the State of Jin. what can I say? Jin Gonghui killed Rick, the doctor who was in charge at home, and violated the five cities of Hedong promised to us abroad. He still refuses to save the famine in our country. Although we have benefited him again and again, is there no justice? If justice is still there, I will surely defeat him. " Qin Mugong let the doctors board the chariot, and he beat the drums himself. King's army was defeated, and his chariot was stuck in the mud, so the horse pulling the cart could not move forward. Kim shouted, "Pull me up!" Zheng Qing said, "You are ungrateful and don't follow the auspicious signs of divination. Why do you want me to pull you now? My car is not qualified to condescend to avoid you! " At this time, Liang's chariot was stopped head-on, and he was about to be captured. Zheng Qing said, "Let him go and save the country quickly!" This failed to save Jin, who was captured by the state of Qin.

When Qin Mugong moved his division back to Korea and came to the imperial city of Qin, he called the doctors to discuss and said, "Which way is better for us? Kill Jin or expel him, take him back to China, or send him back to Jin? " The son said, "Just kill him. He was expelled because he was afraid that he would unite with the vassals and be an enemy of Qin. Bringing him back to Congress has brought many problems to our country and restored his throne. I'm afraid their cooperation with princes and ministers will become your disadvantage. It is better to kill him. " Gong said, "No way. Letting the nobles and doctors of Jin, a great power in the Central Plains, suffer the humiliation of defeat, and then killing their monarch to increase this humiliation will make the son always want to avenge his father, and the courtiers always want to avenge his father. In this case, is it only Qin that is threatened, and who in the world does not take this as the top priority? " The son said, "I don't just want to kill him." I want to replace him with Zhong Er. There is no one who does not know the way of the monarch of the State of Jin, and there is no one who does not know the benevolence of Zhong Er's son. Defeating a big country is military. Killing a helpless person and building a Wang Zhidao for him is benevolence. It is wise to set up a new monarch after defeating the state of Jin, which can avoid future troubles. "Palace said," it may be impossible to humiliate all scholars in a country and say that I want a kind monarch to govern you. "? If not, it will be laughed at by the rulers. Fighting a war to make princes laugh at can't be called martial arts. If he kills his younger brother but makes his older brother king, he can't be said to be a benevolent if he forgets that his relatives were killed by us because he is grateful to us. If we don't forget to kill our brother, it will still frustrate our plan again, which can't be said to be wisdom. "Qin Mugong said," If so, what should we do? The Duke said, "It is better to bring him back to Qin State to make peace with us, and we will send him back to Jun, taking the eldest son of Jun as the quality, so that his father and son can stay in Qin State alternately, which is harmless to our country." So, Qin Mugong returned to Qin with Kim so that his son could be taken hostage. From then on, Qin began to manage the politics of five cities in Hedong.

Under normal circumstances, the purpose of writing about war in Mandarin is not to describe the war itself, but to evaluate the rights and wrongs of both sides in the battle and to write about historical figures. The author has no direct comment on who is right and wrong with Kim. The author's tendency is revealed in his notes by describing the process and cause and effect of the struggle between the two sides. For example, the reason why it writes about war is because Jin Gonghui "gives three reports"; In the battle, descriptions such as "Qin is always eager and Jin is always lazy" clearly show sympathy and hatred for Jin. One of the main features of the historical essays "Shangshu" and "Chunqiu" before "Guoyu" is "containing praise and derogatory", which is perfect because of its meticulous and vivid narration.

When describing the war, this paper also pays attention to the detail description and the language of the characters in order to vividly shape the characters. "Balance the carving, go out to see the messenger", which shows Qin Mugong's prestige; "If one day, I will win", which shows Qin Mugong's confidence; "Drumming Forward" shows Qin Mugong's bravery. When the proposal was rejected, he said to himself, "My uncle is sick" and described Kim as self-defeating. Knowing that Jin was not brave, he insisted on going out to war and wrote Jin's "Mang Fu". "Stop the horse", "Tell Zheng Qing:' Take me away'!" Describe Kim's embarrassment. Kim Dae-fu's praise of Zheng also reflects his distinct personality characteristics of love and hate, loyalty, frankness, stubbornness and hatred.