History and Humanity of Xuanwu Lake Park

Xuanwu Lake was originally called "Houhu" or "Beihu". The reason for its name is that Xuanwu Lake is located in the shadow of Zhongshan. For the residents of Nanjing, the lake in Houshan is of course called Houhu. As for the origin of the name of Beihu Lake, it is because Xuanwu Lake is located in the north of the capital of the Six Dynasties, and the name of Beihu Lake naturally has its naming basis.

The word "Xuanwu Lake" means the god of the north, and there is not much difference between the two words. Xuanwu is one of the four gods in China's fairy tales, and its concrete image is a tortoise and snake complex. Xuanwu, Qinglong, White Tiger and Suzaku represent the four directions of southeast and northwest, among which Xuanwu Lake actually means North Lake. According to legend, there was a drought during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Southern Song Dynasty. On this day, Song Wendi called the minister of civil and military affairs into the palace and said, "There is a great disaster now. Whoever can get rid of the drought, I will definitely raise his rank by three levels. " At this time, a traitor named Shigua said, "Your Majesty, it is not difficult to get rid of drought insects." "What is not difficult?" Song Wendi asked. Shi Gua handed a copy of the paper and said, "Your Majesty, I had a dream at night, and the words in the dream were written on the paper. Please take a long look. " Emperor Wen opened the throne and wrote 20 words on it: "The Dragon King lost his palace and sought beauty everywhere. If the weather is not dry, he will offer jade. " The emperor looked at it and couldn't understand it. He asked Shigua, "Sacrifice jade, where is this jade?" Shigua pointed to Jiangzuo: "Jade is in Jiangjia."

Jiang Zuo was frightened and thought, "Scraper, you are really poisonous, which has brought disaster to my daughter!" "It turns out that two years ago, Shi Gua hired a matchmaker for his son Shi Buquan and wanted Jiang Yu to be his wife. Jiang Zuo didn't promise Shigua, but today he came to retaliate. " Huh? "Song Wendi still don't understand. Shi Gua said, "Your Majesty, it will be the birthday of the Dragon King of the East China Sea in three days. On that day, jade will be sent to Beihu and incinerated with sandalwood. The jade soul will enter the East China Sea, and the dragon king will become a wife after receiving the jade. If the dragon is happy, it will be saved? " Nodded and said to Jiang Zuo, "Jiang, if you give a beautiful piece of jade, you can save people all over the world, which is worth it." That's settled. "

Before Jiang Zuo promised, Song Wendi asked Shi Gua to get ready, and three days later he went to Beihu to offer sacrifices to jade for rain. Jiang Zuo came home, worried. The daughter asked again and again, and Jiang Zuo told the truth. Hearing this, Jiang Yu was not in a hurry, but comforted his father: "Don't worry, my daughter has her own way to deal with it." Jiang Zuo asked her what she could do. She just smiled and asked her father to go to Beihu to watch the fun three days later.

Three days later, people in Jiankang city flocked to the lake to watch the emperor sacrifice rain. Jiang Zuo's father and daughter, Shi Gua's father and son have also arrived. At three o'clock noon, Song Wendi stood on the high platform, facing the North Lake, and murmured: "I am a native of the East, and I know that the Dragon King has been rushing to the new funeral palace and has been looking for beauty everywhere for several months, which has caused a great drought in the East. I recently found a beautiful jade for the Dragon King, praying for heavy rain to protect the lives of the people in the East ... "After the emperor finished reading it, Shi Guai took Jiang Yu out and took him to the altar, saying to the emperor," Long live, this jade has been brought, you can give it to the emperor. " Without looking, Song Wendi lit the sandalwood on the high platform. Shi Gua and his son were about to push Jiang Yu down the lake when Jiang Yu suddenly shouted, "Slow down! My daughter has something to say! " Hearing this, Song Wendi looked under the stage, saw a pink girl being detained and asked, "What did you say?"

Jiang Yu knelt down and said, "Long live the Lord, my daughter wants to hear the cross of Master Shi." "yes." Song Wendi read it out loud. "Oh, it doesn't matter if the dragon king wants jade. My little girl brought a piece of jade and is willing to give it. " Jiang Yu said. Song Wendi was very affectionate to see Jiang Yu, and she was right. She nodded and said, "Jade is also a stone. Of course jade is a gem!" " As soon as the stone was in a hurry, he quickly interrupted: "Long live,' The Dragon King is lost, and the four seas are looking for beauty', of course, referring to people! ……"

Long live, my little daughter dreamed of the confession of the cross last night. Jiang said, presenting a passbook. "Oh," the emperor opened it and wrote on the passbook, "If the Dragon King wants beauty, he must offer beautiful jade, and the double stone refers to beautiful jade, and the North Lake fills his eyes." Song Wendi asked, "Which is the double stone?" Jiang Yu pointed to the stone and scraped his father and son: "That's them!" The stone was scraped so hard that his face turned white. Song Wendi has no claim. "Long live, little girl, there is a fairest way." Jiang Yu said, "Now that the lake is dry, the Shi family and my father and son each enter the lake from one side. He wants to present beautiful jade, and I will give it to others, and the Dragon King will choose. " This Monday, all the subjects nodded in praise, and Song Wendi agreed. He opened the box, and sure enough, there was a piece of jade in it, so he told Shi Scrape and his son to carry it down to the lake, so Shi Scrape and his son had to walk into the North Lake. Jiang Yu also dressed herself up and walked from the other side to the middle of the lake.

At this time, although there was only a little shallow water left in the middle of Beihu Lake, the stone scraping father and son finally reached the middle of the lake. They put down the affairs box, lifted the lid and hurried back. I don't know that a black dragon suddenly appeared in the middle of the lake, with its mouth open, swallowing jade to the sky, stirring up dark clouds in the sky, and the stone scraping father and son were scared to run faster. They looked up and found that Jiang Yu had landed in the morning. At this time, the black dragon opened its mouth in the sky, spit out beautiful jade, smashed the middle of the lake, smashed a big hole in the North Lake, and gushed out water, instantly drowning the Stone Family and his son. After working in Jinling for several months, the weather is fine again.

Because Song Wendi saw the black dragon spitting jade, he called Beihu Lake Black Dragon Lake. Because "Xuan" means "black" and "north", it was later renamed Xuanwu Lake. There is an exhibition hall in Liangzhou, Xuanwu Lake. Earlier, it was called the Lake Temple. Formerly called Maolaoren Temple. It is said that Mao was a lonely old man on Xuanwu Lake in the early Ming Dynasty. One day, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, was upset because he couldn't find a good place to build the Taishi Museum. Some counselors suggested: "Xuanwu Lake has Shicheng in the west, Zhongshan in the east and Pingping House in the south. It's a treasure trove of feng shui. It is perfect to build the Imperial Archives in the lake. " Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang repeatedly said yes.

A counselor asked, "What about the fishermen on the lake?" Zhu Yuanzhang waved his hand and said, "Kill them all!" That's settled. When the news reached the fishermen, everyone was furious. Finally, everyone recommended Mao Laotou to talk to Zhu Yuanzhang.

When he arrived at the palace and met the emperor, the old man Mao said, "There are too many mice in Xuanwu Lake, and they are in droves. It chewed clothes, stole food and collapsed the house. The emperor wants to build the royal archives. Are you afraid that the Imperial Archives will be bitten by rats? "

Zhu Yuanzhang was dumbfounded. He asked, "old man Mao, what do you think of this?" "Change the place!" Zhu Yuanzhang never gave up, thinking, "Rats are afraid of cats, so you should get a cat ..." It suddenly occurred to him that the old man with hair and cat sounds the same, and it would be useful to subdue rats. He "hey hey" a smile: "Old man Mao, fishing all his life, working hard, not living a good life, I will let you be the curator of the Imperial Museum." Old Mao got a fright and thought to himself, you pockmarked Zhu are really cunning. If you want to catch up with the villagers by my hand, you won't be fooled. Repeatedly say "no, no, no, I can't do it!"

Zhu Yuanzhang snorted in his nose and ignored him no longer. The counselor came over and said, "Old man, the emperor has a golden mouth and a jade word. Since it has been decided, you can't change your mouth. " Old man Mao insisted: "No, no!" Several soldiers came up and carried old Mao away. The next day, a group of people drove into Xuanwu Lake. Blink of an eye, a sea of fire. On the third day, the Imperial Archives broke ground. Lao Mao was locked in an empty room under the house because he refused to be the director. Ten days later, he starved to death.

The Imperial Library was about to be completed, and Zhu Yuanzhang led the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs to inspect and summoned Mao Zedong. When I heard the news of the death of old man Mao, I felt a little unbearable. I said to my people, "Let's build a temple for old man Mao here and provide more incense so that he can give mice on the lake in our town." In this way, the temple of the old man Mao was built. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Qing soldiers invaded Nanjing and set fire to the Imperial Archives and the Temple of Mao Laoren. Later, when it was rebuilt, a pair of copper hooks were dug up in front of the temple, which is said to be the account hooks of old man Mao. Someone dug a well where the copper hook was dug, and carved two seal characters of "copper hook" on the mine field. This copper hook well has been preserved to this day. Many famous historical figures left footprints and masterpieces in Xuanwu Lake, including Li Bai, Wang Anshi, Xiao Tong and Guo Pu. Out of Xuanwu Gate, there is a emerald dike, and further north, there is an ancient tomb. According to legend, this is the cenotaph of Guo Pu, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Guo Pu is a famous litterateur and exegetist in the history of China literature. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the court of the Jin Dynasty fought for power and profit, resulting in the "Eight Kings Rebellion", and foreigners took the opportunity to invade. At that time, Shanhaijing summarized was only twenty years old and had to leave his hometown of wenxi county and take refuge in the south. When I arrived in Jiankang (now Nanjing), I stayed at a friend's house near Houhu (now Xuanwu Lake). He often walks and sings poems by the back lake to relieve his depression.

In May this year, just after the Dragon Boat Festival, Guo Pu came to today's Zhou Huan, looking east at Shan Jiang (Zhongshan) and north at Lyme (Shogun Mountain), and suddenly he was relaxed and happy. Suddenly, a string of silvery laughter came from the water. Guo Pu saw several diamond-picking boats passing through the lotus flowers, and a girl was singing the song of diamond-picking. After a while, the boat suddenly tilted, stood beside the girl singing at the bow and fell into the water. Several girls on the boat screamed. Without undressing, Guo Pu jumped into the water and pulled the girl ashore.

Several girls on the boat cheered when they saw the man rescued. A girl said, "Linger, don't take your son home to change clothes!" " "Guo Pu said," no, no! "Anyway, they all crowded around him and walked to the girl's house. On the way, Linger's parents had heard the news and were invited home. Guo Pu was hospitable, so he had to come to Linger's house. Put on a coarse suit. Although Guo Pu changed into coarse clothes, his elegant demeanor and handsome and elegant temperament made everyone present admire him very much. Under the old man's repeated entreaties, Guo Pu left his name and address and left Linger's home. Linger saw him out and said to Guo Pu, "Please take care." On the third day, the old man Ling He came to Guo Pu, but Guo Pu had already left.

Ten years later, Jindun moved to Jiankang. Jin and Yuan emperors took Wang Dun as the general of the town east. Guo Pu joined the army, worked as a clerk under Wang Dun, and frequented the palace. Every time I go to Wang Dun's house, I always feel that a middle-aged maid often pays attention to herself. These eyes are familiar. But I don't remember. Self-reliant and powerful Wang Dun has long wanted to usurp the throne. Wang Dun doesn't like Guo Pu to call a spade a spade, but because Guo Pu is brilliant, famous everywhere and proficient in divination of Yin and Yang, he has to rely on him. One day, Guo Pu came to the palace. The middle-aged woman came up to him and said softly, "Guo doesn't remember his servant?" Guo Pu studied for a while, but he really couldn't remember. The woman just wanted to say something, but she heard Wang Dun's footsteps and had to say, "Please take care of your adults", then turned and walked out.

Wang Dun sat down and said, "Lord Guo, would you please take a look at my future?" Before Guo Pu started, Wang Dun said with a smile, "Yesterday, someone said that I had the appearance of a son of heaven. What do you think? " Guo Pu took a shine to the light, used the topic to make full use of it, and talked about the truth that usurpation was a big mistake, and said that if he wanted to rebel, the Oracle would be unlucky. Wang Dun's face sank. Guo Pu was surprised and suddenly remembered that the woman had just told him to be "careful". I have a premonition that my situation is very dangerous. Come to think of it carefully, the maid turned out to be the shine that I met in Houhu more than ten years ago.

At this time, Wang Dun has played a murder. Soon, he made an excuse, took Guo Pu to Xuanwu Lake and killed him. Linger cried many times after knowing it, and she regretted that she could not save her life. Wang Dun's rebellion later failed. Jin Mingdi heard that Guo Pu was killed and admired him very much. Want to build a grave for shanhaijing summarized, the body can't be found. The clothes that Shine gave to Guo Pu were preserved for more than ten years and buried by Xuanwu Lake. This is the origin of Guo Pu's cenotaph. (A) Jinling Second

Tang Libai

The land holds the potential of Jinling, and the city belongs to the river.

At that time, there were millions of families and high-rise buildings.

Spring grass grows when the country dies, and there is no ancient hill when it leaves the palace.

After the lake and the moon are idle, the waves are in Jiangzhou.

(2) Ode to history

Tang Li Shangyin

The water at the south foot of Beihu Lake is long and the flag drops 100 feet.

In these three hundred years, I had the same dream. Where is the dragon brand in Zhongshan?

(3) Taicheng

Tangweizhuang

The rain is falling, the grass is falling, and the birds of the Six Dynasties are singing.

Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage.

(4) Xuanwu Lake

Nantangzhu village

Thunder rumbled to raise the flag, and the pilot made a three-wing trial.

Startled up, the black dragon can't sleep, and there is not much wind and rain.

(5) Recalling Jinling

Wang Song Anshi

Longguang Temple in Zhoufu and Wulongtang in Xuanwu Lake.

I want to see those ancient tourist attractions, where there are endless clouds.

(6) Mr. Shuhu Yinbi

Wang Song Anshi

Grass eaves are long and quiet without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.

One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green.

(7) Xuanwu Lake

Huangsonggongdu

Spring grass grows in Xuanwu Lake, and I vaguely want to see Julie City.

Later, 10,000 feet rose like a cloud, and I hated being king.

(8) Look at Houhu

Michelle Ye in Qing Dynasty

Vivi Long Lake, green waves in spring.

Flying geese gather fish at dawn and dusk.

(9) The back lake is the scenery.

Qing Aisingiorro Hongli

Out of the emergency exit, I entered Lanzhou, and I wrote a scenic tour in Wuying Lake.

Money is a fishing song from Luzhu, and Ye Yi's flower shadow overflows the sandbar.