What else is there in Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu and so on?

There are: Chinese, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels.

1. Historical prose and political prose are the most prominent in the Han Dynasty. Sima Qian's Historical Records reflects the history with people as the center, creates a new style of biographical history books and opens up a new era of biographical literature, which is the most brilliant achievement of the Han Dynasty.

Han Fu is another new style of literature in Han Dynasty. It is between poetry and prose, with both verse and prose. It is a poetic prose, and it is a poetic prose. It is eclectic and diverse in style, such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South and pre-Qin prose. It has formed a comprehensive literary style with great capacity and expressive force.

Jia Yi's Ode to Hanging Qu Yuan is a prose poem, Mei Cheng's Seven Hair is a symbol of the formal formation of Han Fu, and Sima Xiangru's Fu is the peak of Han Fu. Later, Ban Gu's "Two Dues Fu" and Zhang Heng's "Two Dues Fu" are both representative works of Han Da Fu. Zhang Heng's "Returning to Tianfu" also opened a precedent for lyrical small fu.

2. We are most familiar with the Tang poetry, which is our precious cultural heritage in China and has great influence on China and the world. Poetry is called Tang Poetry because it reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty and belongs to the greatest period in the history of China literature. Tang poetry inherited the achievements of poetry since the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and gradually developed into the stereotypes of modern Tang poetry in an imperfect state.

According to the development of Tang Dynasty, Tang poetry can be divided into four stages. The early Tang Dynasty was represented by "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty", Li Bai in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty and Little Du Li in the late Tang Dynasty. Because the imperial examination system takes Tang poetry as the examination content, it is very prosperous economically and has a great accumulation in culture, so poetry reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. Also called Tang poetry.

3. Song Ci, in the same way, is called Song Ci because Ci reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. With the development of commodity economy and the expansion of citizen class in Song Dynasty, people's entertainment life has become more diverse, and the rigorous literary format of poetry can no longer satisfy the expression of people's thoughts and feelings.

Ci appeared before the Song Dynasty, but with the development of literati in the Song Dynasty, it gradually became an authentic knowledge. Its format is diverse, and there are not too many requirements for words, which is more suitable for people to express their feelings at that time.

4. A new style appeared in Yuan Dynasty. Qu, including zaju and Sanqu, was first circulated among the people and was called "street poetry" or "country minor". With the destruction of the Song Dynasty in the Yuan Dynasty, it spread in the north and south with Beijing and Hangzhou as the center.

On the one hand, Yuanqu inherited the beauty and gracefulness of poetry; On the one hand, in the Yuan Dynasty, the soldiers and soldiers were placed in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine men and ten beggars", and the political monopoly and social darkness made Song Yuan radiate extremely dazzling fighting brilliance and reveal rebellious feelings; Pointed out sharply the social ills.

China's novels flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The novels of this era contain the essence of traditional culture to the greatest extent in ideological connotation and theme expression, and through secular illustrations, traditional culture has entered thousands of households with emotional images and touching stories.

Since the Ming Dynasty, novel, as a literary form, has fully demonstrated its social function and literary value, broken the monopoly of orthodox poetry, and achieved the status of literary history on a par with Tang poetry, Song ci and Yuan qu. The Qing Dynasty was a period when China's classical novels flourished and declined and turned into modern novels. China's novels began to take shape in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which prepared the conditions for the prosperity of novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Extended data:

Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuan Qu, Ming and Qing novels are getting longer and longer. In fact, with the increasing secularization of literary history and the continuous progress of papermaking and printing, they are developing and evolving simultaneously.

In the early days of writing, during the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, most of the characters depicted by Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen were divination. China's earliest classic The Book of Changes is also the Oracle Bone Inscriptions left by tortoise shell and yarrow. This is all theological content, the highest, and has nothing to do with civilians. ?

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contend. Laozi's Tao Te Ching is slightly longer than Oracle Bone Inscriptions's, and the style of Confucius' Analects of Confucius is sometimes only one or two sentences. They faced the ruler at that time.

As for later, Zhuangzi's Wang Yang was wanton, Mencius' vernacular was popular, Gong Sunlong's sophistry and reasoning, Xunzi's thought of science students and so on. , are greatly improved in length, it seems different, in fact, because it is argumentative. This style has always been like this, parallel to the literary development of Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuan Qu and Ming and Qing novels.

Before the Tang Dynasty, the most popular literary genres were Han Fu, Parallel Prose (the tradition of Chu Ci) and four-character and five-character ancient poems (the tradition of the Book of Songs). The sentences in Han Fu and Parallel Prose are neat and magnificent, and the words are tortuous. It seems that they are just to show the author's literary talent.

That's because the imperial examination system (Han Dynasty) and the Nine Grades Zhengzhong system (Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties) were implemented in the society at that time, and the promotion channels of scholars could only rely on their own origins, talents and reputation.

Four-character poems and five-character poems can be said to be the predecessors of Tang poetry. In the middle, Cao Pi took the lead in the emergence of literati seven-character poems, which, like Li Bai's even words, are a connecting link between the preceding and the following. Because of them, the development and evolution of literary history is like a trickle, with no sense of separation.

The style mentioned above, including Tang poetry, is a game between literati and officialdom. However, with the development of civilization and the continuous rise of cities, this class of citizens has increasingly become the majority of the crowd. As a result, a style that can be sung by adding musical attributes has gradually emerged on behalf of Tang poetry, which is Song Ci.

Song ci was popular between city walls and bars at first, and gradually replaced the original position of Tang poetry in banquets. After being processed and standardized by a great poet like Zhou Bangyan, Song Ci became more mature, exceeding the length of Tang Poetry and becoming a popular content form.

In the Yuan Dynasty, society became more citizen-oriented. Song ci, despised by Tang poetry, was further replaced by a more secular style, that is, Yuanqu. Song ci has entered the ranks of elegance and is not so close to the people.

As a new genre with both musicality and story, Yuanqu took the place of Song Ci and flourished on the stage after Yuan Dynasty. The length of Yuanqu is also longer, and a drama book far exceeds the largest epigraph in the past. Moreover, there are many plots and pictures, and the language is relatively plain, which is easy to be accepted and loved by the public.

The late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty were the period of novel explosion. Almost all the four classical novels Jin Ping Mei came into being in this period.

According to Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Novels, novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties originated from the myths and legends of ancestors in Tang and Song Dynasties. Compared with Yuanqu, novels are more story-telling, and of course, they can also be performed on the stage (watching plays can be said to be the most important part of ancient citizens' life and entertainment), and they can also be extended to adapt to various scenes, such as chatting in the street and drinking tea, which is more suitable for the needs of citizens and even farmers.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Literature of Han Dynasty

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