The Distribution of Mi People in China

The first origin: from the official position, from the private officials in the Qin and Han Dynasties, belonging to the official surname.

According to the history book "Examination of Surnames", "Han people have official private wishes, taking officials as surnames and looking beyond Tianshui. Its descendants take the official name as their surname. "

Since the Qin Dynasty, there has been a so-called "secret wish" official, which was first secretly founded by Lv Buwei, the father of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period, in order to safeguard the merits and dignity of Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, and it has been inherited since the Han Dynasty.

The main task of "secret wish" is to move an emperor or monarch to the name of a designated courtier when there is an unknown disaster, disaster or negligence, and the courtier will bear the disaster. This process is called "secret wish". Its role is similar to that of the court soothsayers or Taishiling in the early and middle Warring States period. However, fortune tellers or Taishiling openly "divined" and prayed for good or bad luck, while "secret wishes" were secretly passed on to officials or people when disasters had occurred or there were signs of disasters, or when the emperor was at fault. Of course, sometimes "secret wishes" secretly transfer auspicious things to trusted officials under the will of the emperor, but after all, they are rare.

The "secret wish" officer is held by the royal family or people who are very close to the emperor. They are only responsible to the emperor, mostly hereditary and have great power. Liu Heng, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, hated this position. In the 13th year of the Han Dynasty (BC 166), he wrote to abolish the "secret wish" official position and declared to his ministers: "Even the mistakes and sins of officials should be borne by the emperor!" As a result, the grand chapter of "the rule of cultural scenery" in the Han Dynasty was opened, which laid the foundation for the later Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to establish the Han Empire and live in the East.

The descendants of "Mi Zhu" took the official position as their surname and passed it down from generation to generation in memory of their ancestor Weah.

The second origin: it originated from the surname Jiang and came from the Qiang nationality in Nan 'an County, Longxi during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Belong to the sinicization and change the surname to surname.

The famous historian of the Han Dynasty recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "There are three seedlings from the source of Xiqiang, but Jiang's family is different. Its country is near Nanyue. " According to the history book A Record of the Western Qin Dynasty, "The secret surname Xiqiang came from the Xiqiang family in Nan 'an County, and its leaders Mi Zhu and Ceng Shuai, more than 50,000 people surrendered to the Western Qin State. "

In 385 AD, 1 1, the ambassador of the town begged the military attache of the West Lake and General Zhenxi of the town begged Fu Guoren, and established the Western Qin State by the Yuanchuan River, which made the Western Qin State proud for a while. The leaders of the Western Qiang in Nan 'an County (now Longxi, Gansu Province) colluded and attached all their tribes to the Western Qin State established by Mrs. Qi. Among the descendants of this part of the West Qiang people, some people take the Chinese homonym of their clan leader "Mi Yi" as their surname, which is called Mi Shi.

2. County Outlook:

Nan 'an County: the county was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and the governing place was Didao (now Longxi, Gansu). In the fifth year of Zhong Ping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 188), Hanyang County was re-established as a county, and its jurisdiction was also in Didao (now the south bank of Weishui in Longxi County, Gansu Province). At that time, its jurisdiction was in the eastern part of Longxi County, Gansu Province and the areas of Dingxi and Wushan County. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Liang Guotian was also located in Nan 'an County (AD 502 ~ 5 19). At that time, it was located in various counties in western Gansu, and it was one of the three counties in the province, governing Xing, Quan and Zhang. In the ninth year of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), the county was changed.

Tianshui County: located in Pingxiang (now Tongwei, Gansu Province) in the third year of Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (44 1 BC), then governed Tongwei County, Qin 'an County, Dingxi County, Qingshui County, Zhuanglang County, Gangu County, Zhangjiachuan County, northwest of Tianshui City, east of Longxi County and northeast of Yuzhong County. In the seventeenth year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 74), it was changed to Hanyang County. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was still changed to Tianshui County. In the Western Jin Dynasty, it moved to Shangguan (now Tianshui, Gansu), and in the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was still changed back to Tianshui County. At that time, it belonged to Tianshui City, Qin 'an County, Gangu County and other cities and counties in Gansu Province.

Three. Distribution:

Today, there are secret clans in Dongximi Village, gaoqing county, Zibo City, Shandong Province, Mijiazhuang, Boxing County, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, Tianjin and other counties, with a total population of about 10,000.