Root and structure of grape

The radical of grape: Mi, which is up and down in structure.

Word-making:

What we can confirm now is that Oracle Bone Inscriptions, about 3000 years ago, is a very mature writing system, which was discovered in 1899. The development of verifiable Chinese characters has gone through the process of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscription, big seal script, small seal script, Han Li, regular script, running script and cursive script.

Among them, regular script evolved from official script, which began in the Eastern Han Dynasty and became popular. Chinese characters can be divided into two stages. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions to seal script is a stage; Judging from the official script of Qin and Han dynasties, there is still a stage. The former belongs to the category of ancient Chinese characters and the latter belongs to the category of modern Chinese characters. Modern Chinese characters are based on Han Li, which is called block letters.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Oracle Bone Inscriptions: An ancient script in China, written on tortoise shells and animal bones, was used for divination. In the Shang Dynasty in China, it was called Oracle Bone Inscriptions. This script has a history of more than 3,000 years and was discovered in Anyang, Henan Province in the late Qing Dynasty.

From 65438 to 0899, Wang, a epigraphist, thought it was a script of Shang Dynasty, so he engaged in the collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. After the collection and arrangement of scholars in the late Qing Dynasty and modern times, there are about150,000 pieces of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, with about 4,500 words, one third of which are known to scholars. Its basic glyph structure is consistent with later Chinese characters, and it is an earlier kind of Chinese characters.

Bronze Inscription: The words carved on bronzes in Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, also known as "Zhong Dingwen". The forms and fonts of inscriptions have different styles with the changes of the times. Generally speaking, there are not many words on Shang artifacts. Until the end of Shang Dynasty, there were still very long inscriptions with fonts similar to those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty gradually became symmetrical and neat, the number of words increased, and more rewards, wars and contracts were recorded.

Exchange, gift, compensation, etc. At the end of the Warring States period, the font of inscriptions was gradually similar to that of Xiao Zhuan, and the number of words was greatly reduced. Many inscriptions are engraved with the names of prison, casting and vessel, and the bronze inscriptions in Qin and Han dynasties also followed this trend, so it is difficult to see long works.

Dazhuan: A kind of China script. According to legend, it was written in the history books of the Zhou Xuanwang era, so it is also called Wen Shu or Shu Shu, and there are many overlapping fonts. Today's Shi Guwen is the representative of this font. Shi Guwen refers to the characters carved by Qin State on ten drum-shaped stones in the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Tianxing Sanchuan, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province.

The popular characters in Qin dynasty were developed on the basis of sketches, and the fonts were even and neat, which was simpler than sketches. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he adopted Lisi's opinion, implemented the policy of unifying Chinese characters, and took Xiao Zhuan as the orthography, which eliminated the variant characters prevailing in other regions and played a great role in the standardization of Chinese characters.

There are stone vestiges in Langxietai and Taishan, which can represent their styles. Xiao Zhuan's strokes are complex, with peculiar forms and twists and turns that can be added at will. In seal cutting, especially the official seal that needs anti-counterfeiting, seal script has been used until the collapse of feudal dynasty and the emergence of modern new anti-counterfeiting technology.