Who knows what the Northeast Twenty Monsters are?

Straw blank house libazhai

Hit the wall with dirt, and it won't fall down.

The chimney clings to the gable.

The big girl is smoking.

Mules and horses carry heavy loads.

Boys climb over the wall, but dogs don't bite.

Da gang Xiao gang Chinese sauerkraut

Feed the children and hang them.

Speak with a mouthful of lettuce

Daughter-in-law wears wrong father-in-law shoes

Hanging outside the kang.

Galahad won the battle.

The fur of a fur coat faces outwards.

Soller's pole poked at the door.

Mara climbs pears faster than a car.

The couple slept with their heads up.

Wear a fox hat on your head.

Talking about ghosts in winter bean bags

Set four tables first.

Stranger: There is enough paper on the outside.

This "eccentricity" of Kanto people is actually about how they live according to local conditions.

According to Liu lue, "Gu Ning ancient pagodas all face south, and the broken wood is covered with thatch two feet thick. If you cut grass roots at the eaves, hold them with pottery ropes and cover them with wooden tiles to protect them from the wind and rain. The hukou is mostly opened in the southeast, and the heatable adobe sleeping platform is five inches high. Nan Zhou, the west and the north are empty on three sides, and the kang in the south and the north will be used as stoves. ......

It can be seen that the Kanto is freezing, and the room is completely heated by the kang. Because indoor heatable adobe sleeping platform (generally heatable adobe sleeping platform in the north and south) is by the window, there is a great temperature difference between it and the window. If the window paper is stuck inside, it is easy to slow down the frosting and make the window paper often fall off.

It can be seen that Kanto people paste window paper outside in order to block the hot air of indoor kang and form a temperature difference with the cold outside, so as to keep the room warm without damaging the window paper.

In addition, this kind of paper used to stick windows is different from ordinary paper. People call it "hemp paper", and some people call it "hemp paper". "Appendix to Hu Cong's Journey to the East" reads: "There is no paper in Wula, and it will snow in August. The first autumn, I was defeated when I opened my clothes. I fell into the water. I use reed curtains as paper, as hard as leather, and I sew them up to shelter my family from the wind and rain. " This is about making paper after soaking hemp. There is also a folk riddle about hemp paper:

"Wearing a green robe and flowers,

I jumped into the Yellow River and no one pulled me.

As long as someone pulls me out,

Dress him in a green robe. "

Before using hemp to make paper, you should first use blisters, of course, "I jumped into the Yellow River and no one pulled me." After soaking, you can take it out and "take off a green robe for him", that is, peel off the hemp skin, soak it in hemp skin, precipitate it and dry it into "hemp paper"

This kind of Kanto folk hemp paper, thick and thick, is made of thin hemp strips tied with glue oil and brushed with tung oil. This kind of paper is not afraid of rain or moisture. Rain hits such enough paper and can flow down the river; When moisture touches it, it becomes water droplets, which can't be immersed in it and fall down. If the window paper is stuck inside, water will flow down the window paper and accumulate on the lower window frame. Over time, the window frame will get wet.

Guandong, the snow is unbearable. The window paper is pasted on the outside, and the window board is used as the back support of the window paper. No matter how strong the wind is, it is not easy to blow away enough paper. It is windy in spring, and enough paper is not easy to be blown by wind and dust. This is the accumulation of experience of Kanto people's survival. One winter night, the north wind raised Sha Xue and hit the window with a "wow" sound, like hordes galloping and chasing, like drums beating, but the room was warm and quiet, the window paper resisted the attack of the cold wind Leng Xue, and the Kanto elder slept warmly on the kang. ......

In addition to keeping the indoor temperature and resisting the wind and snow, the window sticking method also gives people a sense of beauty, which embodies the diligent and clean beauty-loving character of Kanto people.

In Kanto, most people's windows are divided into two parts, the lower part is usually filled with glass or "bright paper" and the upper part is a "supporting window". The window paper posted outside is posted on the "branch window". Windows are closed in winter and the weather gets warmer in spring and summer. Around noon, people put it up or hang it for ventilation. In this way, the lower part of the window is transparent, and the upper part is a row of neat "supporting windows", which is very harmonious and beautiful. Paste the "window-supporting" window paper → once in spring and autumn, and brush with oil. When the wind blows, enough paper bulges like a drum; Very beautiful; And the light can shine on the kang through the glass below, killing two birds with one stone.

Erguai: straw house and powder house

People's basic necessities of life are a reflection of people's culture and ideology, and this custom of Kanto people is also a cultural documentary about people's life and environment here.

The house is a symbol of Kanto culture.

Guandong is an important part of the Asia-Pacific region, which geographers used to call Northeast Asia, namely Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Siberia and the Far East of the former Soviet Union, Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Mongolia. In this area.

Jilin residence in Guangdong has its own characteristics, mainly reflected in the design of the house and the use of materials. The folk summary is that "adobe houses are divided into eight villages".

What is adobe?

Kanto people put grass and mud together, pressed them into fixed molds, and made pieces of one-foot-long adobe called "adobe". Dry it and use it to build a house.

Jilin has a continental climate, and Leng Xia is warm in winter. There will be cold weather for nearly five months in a year. Building a house with adobe is warm in winter and cool in summer, and it is economical.

There are four kinds of adobe: black adobe, yellow adobe, sand adobe and stick adobe. Jilin folks regard "getting rid of the big blank" as one of the "four major tiredness". When peeling, first pile the adobe soil on the flat ground, pick out the bumps and sundries in the soil, put the "claws" (commonly known as grass) in the soil layer by layer, pour cold water, and after a day or half of "stuffy" time, make the skin and blisters soft, and then mix them with a "two-legged hook". In this way, water, grass and soil are completely bonded together. Then use the wooden blank mold to make the outline, fill it with mud and smooth it, and then remove the mold to make an adobe.

There is also a kind of blank, which is called Daizi by the people.

According to "Song Mojiwen", "Lengshan is 170 miles from Ningjiang House, where the land is bitter and cold, and there are many plants and trees. In August, he fell into the ground and sealed it for a few feet to restore its branches. " There is a lot of grass here. In order to keep out the cold, these grass roots are deeply embedded in the ground and coiled together like silk, making the soil board form a whole piece. It is also good to take this grass out and cut it into squares with soil. It is also beautiful to build walls and houses!

From a distance, adobe houses have neat seams, giving people a solid and warm feeling. Because there is grass in the adobe, weasels and mice often nest in the wall. They dug many holes in the middle or at the root of the wall. On warm days, they often stick out their little heads and look around, making the children laugh.

What does the village of Fenli mean?

Fences are very common in Kanto, and there is a folk saying that "poor Zhang Zi is rich only when he hits the wall". In fact, the function of clamping Zhang Zi and hitting the wall is the same, but the material is different.

The plain area is rich in wicker and straw, and hedges often use this branch as material. Wood is produced in the mountains, and there are many camphor trees. Some people simply use logs as camphor trees. A textual research on the origin of Manchu in the imperial court contains: "The husband has government offices, warehouses and prisons, and the city gates are all around." Japanese Yue Pinglong's Travel Notes of Manchuria said that "logs are the gates of the city". People dug a well in the yard, surrounded by camphor tree seeds, and some people wanted to build a grain building in the yard, put it in a sauce jar or something, and grow some vegetables. Courtyard brings joy to farmers' life.

Kanto people's houses are narrow, but their yards are large. Therefore, the courtyard has become a "Dojo" for doing great things. By major events, I mean weddings, funerals and happy events.

Red activities, there are more people coming, wedding tables are often placed in the yard, and people from the former village and the latter village come. There will also be various ceremonies such as offering sacrifices to heaven and land in the yard.

If you want to hold a white hat, you must set up a mat shed and a spiritual shed in the yard. Please ask the drummer and drum squad to sit on one side of the yard, and the coffin will stop in the middle for the younger generation and relatives to worship.

People usually prune camphor trees and mend fences for safety and warmth. It used to be sparsely populated and desolate. Wolves and foxes often bite and eat poultry. The fenced village can prevent wild animals from entering, and it is also convenient for domestic dogs to watch the house.

In addition, some fences and yards are built close to the windows, which plays a role in shielding the wind and snow. The snowstorm in the north is fierce. Fenli Village can slow down the snowstorm instead of hitting the window directly to keep the heat in the house.

Three monsters: hitting the wall with soil won't fall down

During Jiajing period of Qing Dynasty, the capital of Wula in Manchu Dynasty was built in Red Nile City on the banks of Wula River, and the city wall was built. Because of the special local soil, there has always been a saying that "the earth wall will not fall down", so the city walls are all made of earth.

Four eccentrics: the chimney is placed by the gable.

In Guandong, the installation of chimneys by the gable is an invention of people's life here. Guandong is a multi-ethnic community. No matter Mongolian, Manchu, Han and Korean, their houses are "chimneys on the gable". First of all, this is inseparable from the climate in Kanto and people's bedroom settings.

It's very cold in Kanto, and the room is completely heated by kang. According to the North League Association, the Kanto people live in the valley, with wood as a shed, several feet high and no tiles, and are covered with wood or birch bark or in case of emergency. The walls and fences are made of wood, and the doors are facing southeast ... "People here regard" heatable adobe sleeping platform "as an important equipment to overcome the severe cold and winter, and have to consider its performance. However, the burning power of firewood or grass from the ignition of the stove to the smoke flying out is within 8- 10 meter (referring to the average warmth). Generally, the fire resistance limit of earthen houses is about 6- 10 meter, and some of them are smaller, but they are made into "lianer" fire resistance; The kang of Manchu nationality is "Wanzi Huokang", and its length is also within 10 meter. It can be seen that the chimney is installed against the wall, which is used to extend the direction of fireworks and keep the heat of firewood or grass in the kang.

Before the use of coal, Kanto folk used miscellaneous wood as fuel in mountainous areas, which was known as "all the mountains are small miscellaneous wood, and there is no need to burn firewood". On the other hand, the Wula Plain burns "Leymus chinensis". This kind of grass is thick and hard, and it will burn well after drying. Whether in mountainous areas or plains, installing chimneys on one side of gables is an excellent method to keep the temperature inside the kang and an accurate plan to save fuel.

According to Wang Chunxin, a famous folk paper-cutting scientist in Northeast China, chimneys are installed on gables, and chimney bridges are often the place where farmers put chicken nests. Even in the cold winter, chicks can hatch in the henhouse and hens can lay more eggs.

In addition, the chimney installed on the gable can also reduce the pressure on the roof when installing the chimney on the roof. At the same time, if a chimney is built on a house, the bottom of the chimney is often the most prone to water leakage and seepage; In spring, melted water often flows into the house from under the chimney, which is easy to rot wood. Therefore, the chimney installed on one side of the gable reduces these troubles.

In Korean houses, chimneys are also installed outside the gables. They often make long square tube chimneys, each side is about 25 cm in diameter, which are located on the left or right side of the house, standing upright on the ground, and the smoke neck (flue) is located underground. The ancestors of all ethnic groups in Guandong used their brains on chimneys. Some people simply took a piece of dead wood and hollowed out their hearts to make chimneys, which are still everywhere in Guandong Mountain. This kind of chimney is easy to make. Due to the large area of the indoor kang, the fire holes are long and numerous, and the fireworks circulate in the kang holes for a long time. When the fire smoke reaches the chimney mouth, there is no flame, so there are few fires.

In addition, installing chimneys outside the gables of Kanto dwellings can also save the indoor area occupied by chimneys. At the same time, the chimney sits neatly at the head of Fangshan, which looks very beautiful from a distance. These independent chimneys, known locally as "sitting chimneys", make the houses look neat, like small towers, dotted around the Kanto Mintun.

Five eccentrics: the big girl is holding a tobacco pouch.

When foreigners come to kanto region, they will be surprised to see the big girl with a big tobacco pouch in her mouth. In Kanto, big girls generally refer to girls who have never been to the door. Why did the big girl get a big tobacco pouch?

Let's take a look at the life of Kanto people.

Every spring and summer, the black land of Kanto is green, which is the seedling of "Kanto Smoke" planted by every household. Every late autumn, the small courtyard of Kanto farm is golden, and every household is drying tobacco leaves. At this time, the strange smell of tobacco floated in the wind. In winter, on the kang of a warm Kanto family,

The old people sat together with smiles on their faces, smoking Kanto cigarettes.

Wearing a green robe and flowers,

Until you are tied, tied;

Le's little face turned yellow and purple,

Specializing in charcoal fire as relatives.

In Kanto folk, this is a riddle that adults and children are familiar with (folk call it "guessing boring"), and the answer is "smoke".

Smoke has the function of preventing snakes and mosquitoes. In the early Changbai Mountain area, ancestors of all ethnic groups and people who searched for gold, drained water, dug and hunted in the mountains for development smoked during the break, and the smoke from them frightened poisonous snakes and dared not approach people. At the same time, a kind of "paste" accumulated in tobacco stems and pots can also give off a strong smell, which makes poisonous snakes smell color change and fear. This is of great help to people in the mountains, and virtually requires everyone who enters the mountains to smoke. Before "going into the grass" (working in the old forest), people should also put cigarette oil on the leg cloth belt to prevent snakes from biting.

At the same time, ash is also a kind of hemostatic commonly used by the people. Working in the old forest, in case of trauma, people will pinch a little ash and put it on, which can not only sterilize but also stop bleeding.

People who dig ginseng are even more inseparable from cigarettes. Whenever I find ginseng, I shout "light a fire" and "light a mosquito-repellent incense" at my head. At this time, Xiao Da (little buddy) wants to light a cigarette for his head and let him hold his head while digging and smoking. Kicked aside and slapped a head. When the wind blows away smoke, the smell of smoke diffuses around the handle, and mosquitoes dare not bite, so the handle will concentrate on "lifting ginseng" (digging ginseng). There are so many mosquitoes in the mountains that they can't be coaxed away by hand, so they have to use smoke to drive them away.

In the northeast, it snows heavily in winter and the weather is very cold. People who help others often stay in car shops, huts, sheds, big houses, cellars, flower ovaries, running errands shacks and other places. The winter nights are cold and long. What do people do? Smoking.

Smoking is a kind of business. Everyone smokes and chats, killing the long night and lonely time ... In this way, Yan and the Kanto people have forged a deep friendship.

Going out hunting, drilling mountains, driving ox carts outside, smoking can relieve a little cold, and can also roast your hands and warm your mouth.

Smoke has spread to every household in Kanto.

Every year, the first-class "yellow smoke" is paid to the imperial court, which is also the reason why Kanto planted yellow smoke on a large scale. The specialties of Kanto in its early years were mainly soybeans, wood, tobacco leaves and marijuana. According to Jilin Geography, tobacco is an important product in Guangdong, which is second only to wood and soybean. Huadian, Dunhua, Jiaohe, Dunhua North and Emu, commonly known as "Nanshan Gully", produce the most cigarettes. Kanto tobacco leaves have a unique fragrance and are deeply loved by mainland people. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Kanto tobacco was transported to the mainland, with an annual transportation volume of about one million Jin.

Nine eccentrics: feed the children and hang them.

In fact, it is not surprising to say that this custom is strange. Hanging up a child is to put the child in a "leisurely car" and let the child sleep well. It is also called mail car and waist car, and in some areas it is called kang car and sway car, which is actually the "cradle". In the past, Kanto people usually built a north-south kang. Daughters-in-law or mother-in-law often sat on the edge of the kang, with soles in their hands, pushing a leisurely car and humming a funny lullaby:

"leisurely, leisurely,

Go to sleep, don't cry.

The wolf came, the tiger came,

The black blind man came with a drum on his back;

Mother tiger jumped over the wall,

Tongue sticking out;

Look at you outside the window.

Bite sheep, bite pigs,

Baby, don't cry. "

Singing while walking leisurely is really a picture of Kanto farmhouse.

This interesting children's tool was invented by clever Kanto women to liberate themselves. Women in Northeast China have a large amount of labor. They often work in their hands, humming lullabies or chattering. In order to liberate ourselves, we are trying to create a tool for children to sleep and work, so recreational vehicles came into being. Here is another story about a leisurely car.

It is said that it was a long time ago.

There is a daughter-in-law, whose husband is away all the year round and lives with his children. I have to work in the fields every day. I have no choice but to put the child in a basket and carry it to the ground. There is a tree near the field. When she arrived at the field, she hung the children's baskets on the tree before she started to work.

One day, while she was working, she heard something moving. She looked inside and saw a bird rolling under the tree. When she came closer, it turned out that a little crow had fallen from the tree and broken its leg. The daughter-in-law is a kind person, so she pulled a rag to wrap the injured leg of the little crow and sent it to the crow's nest in the tree.

It's summer in a blink of an eye. On this day, she was still working in the fields, hanging the children's sleeping baskets on the trees and busy. Suddenly, a big rabbit jumped out of the grass. Daughter-in-law thought, how nice it would be to cook rabbit meat for her mother-in-law! Thinking of this, she threw down her tools and drove away behind.

The rabbit stopped and went, and she also chased the station, unconsciously chasing more than two miles. The rabbit didn't catch it, so she remembered the child and ran back in a hurry.

Far away, she listened to the child's crying. She made a hole and saw, oh, no! I saw a big snake with a long neck on a tree, with a red letter on it, and jumped straight into the basket. I saw a big bird standing by the children's basket. As soon as the snake pounced, the bird pecked the snake with its beak to protect the child.

Daughter-in-law was too anxious to think much. She grabbed a hoe, jumped on it and immediately beat the snake away. She went home crying with her child on her back and told her mother-in-law. But the mother-in-law is too old to hold the child, and the daughter-in-law is determined not to take the child to the field again, so she came up with an idea: hang the basket for the child on the beam of the house and let the mother-in-law sit at home. This is safe, labor-saving and comfortable for children.

In the long run, people see this method is good and learn it, so kanto region has a "leisure". Later, women found that children could only sit in the basket and not lie down, so they made a long basket so that children could sleep in it.

With recreational vehicles, women are really much more convenient. Some women rest in the car, but also go to the outhouse to make a fire and paste cakes, or go to the yard to feed pigs and chickens. It takes about a dozen round trips until the car stops by itself. A woman with a quick hand can also take a trip in the water. Of course, the legend is a legend, but the appearance of the leisurely car is related to the nomadic people in Kanto.

In fact, the appearance of yo-yo car originated from the ethnic minorities in Kanto. The ethnic minorities in northern China are hardworking and brave hunters. According to the custom of East Mongolia, these hunting ethnic groups, such as Mongolian, Manchu, Hezhe, Xibe, Oroqen and Daur women, hang animal skins with branches and make baskets for their children to sleep in when they go out hunting. The information we can see at present is the Secret History of Mongolia, written in 1240. The scroll reads: "Temujin is nine years old, Kizar is seven years old, Qa?i'un Elqi is five years old, Temugwoti is three years old, and Temujin's wife also rocks the car." The' rocking car' mentioned here is an improved parenting tool than the' cradle'. This is because Mongolian and other nomadic people walked out of the forest and came to the grassland, so they changed the hanging cradle into a rickety "rocking cart" (that is, hanging on the Lele car, and began the nomadic parenting era on the grassland.

The ancestors of the Han nationality in the north saw that the brotherly nationality was a good way to raise their children, so they adopted it and other ethnic minority families settled down.

To build a leisurely car, we need to start from the "capable people" at home. A capable person refers to a skilled man or woman. The material is made of thin wood chips, which are first smoked and softened with soda water in a pot or boiled in boiling water, "bent" into a box-sized rectangle, and the joints are tied tightly with leather ropes or rivets, and then the car is formed.

At this time, the outside should be painted with color. Some are yellow flowers painted on the red land, some are red flowers painted on the yellow land, and some are mixed flowers painted on the yellow land. No matter what flowers you draw, you should draw "clouds" on the upper and lower edges to show that your child can be promoted and made a fortune when he grows up. Others draw characters in folk stories, such as "Shiro visits his mother" and "Wang Xiao goes fishing". There are also paintings of pine bamboo cranes, which are auspicious. A plaything, such as colorful feather goose feather, paper gourd and small wind wheel, is often hung above the rope. These are folk toys that children play before going to bed.

Dogs, cats and mice are not easy to scratch children when there are cars hanging on the beams at home. When the car flashed, the flies and mosquitoes flew away, and the baby fell asleep, which was more or less bitten by them. In addition, when the leisurely car moves, it can also produce a small cool breeze, which can eliminate the hot sweat on the child and make the child sleep comfortably. Because the leisurely car is about half a foot to one foot high, although there is wind when shaking, it will not blow directly on the child's face, and the child will not catch a cold.

In addition, because the car is moving back and forth (hanging on the beam, even if people don't push it, it will naturally swing slightly), so that the children who sleep in it will not always lie in one position and will not let the children "sleep until their heads are broken." Women in kanto region often say, "Children who sleep in leisurely cars are beautiful when they grow up! It is easy to find objects. "

To be a leisurely car, you are very particular about what kind of wood you choose. It is best to choose trees with many seeds, such as elm and pine, which is a metaphor for having more children. And special willows. This is because "Liu" and "Liu" are similar in sound. "Liu" means to "leave" the child safely in the world and not be taken away by the disaster.

Others specialize in using lightning wood as recreational vehicles. It is said that the devil no longer exists in things that have been struck by lightning, and such things have the function of avoiding evil spirits. Taking it as an entertainment vehicle can make children safe and healthy.

Some people say, use cars slowly. Ordinary people don't want to make their own leisure cars, and often borrow them from some "rich" families. It is said that in this way, children can honor their ancestors like this family when they grow up.

If you want to borrow a car, you must choose it runs in the family, a family with four generations living under one roof. The child has no disease or disaster; Especially the children sleeping in this leisurely carriage won the first prize and became scholars. In this way, people's recreational vehicles are very expensive.

Whoever has more children is handsome and good-looking, so their recreational vehicles are often borrowed by other families. In this way, people's leisurely cars often become the pride of this owner. Whose relationship is "dependence" (especially good), when that family has one child for life, the owner will take the initiative to come to the door and say, "Take my' that' away!"

"Really?"

"Who are we, who are we!"

"Oh, how can I thank you! Well, when we' Bao Er' are sensible, we will kowtow to your ancestors during the New Year ... "

Therefore, people who borrowed leisurely cars are very grateful and remember the benefits of each other for a lifetime. Even if the child grows up, the old man will often remind the child: "Don't forget the kindness of XXX. When you were young, people lent us a car! "

The above situation is the psychological expression of people praying for peace and good luck; It is the pursuit of peace and happiness caused by human fear of disease and death. "Having a car" embodies an ethical concept of Kanto people, and is also a symbol of the simplicity, kindness, simplicity and generosity of the northern nationalities.

That's all I've found so far