Liu E, the queen of Song Zhenzong, was appraised by later generations as "Lv Hou is talented, Lv Hou is nontoxic". what do you think?

Liu E (969- 1033), the empress of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the third empress, the first female leader in the Song Dynasty and one of the outstanding female politicians in history. Historians often compare Liu E with Lv Zhi in the Western Han Dynasty and Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty. But compared with Lv Hou and Wuhou, Liu E is as clever, resourceful, brilliant and ambitious, but not as vicious as Lv Hou and Wuhou. So later generations called Liu E? Lv Wu's talent, not Lu Wu's evil? .

Cai Dongfan, a famous romantic writer, said: Liu Meiren is lucky for his skin color and likes harem. This is not selfish desire. ? It is also a sincere pursuit and pleasant treatment for Guo; In other words, the servants in the palace were lucky enough to have children and were decorated as their own, almost hiding. However, they dare not deceive Shinzong, let alone kill Shili. However, they took advantage of this to seize the back row position, hoping to respect pets. Cunning, but not evil. ? ("The Romance of Song History" 24 times)

In other words, Liu E is also a femme fatale. She has her own desire for power, but she is not as vicious as Wuhou. She is very careful with the queen and the imperial concubine and can get along well. Although she has the means to cheat, she dare not cheat others. Although she is cunning, she doesn't do evil.

Liu E (stills)

Fortunately, Liu has the talent of Lv Wu, but not the evil of Lv Wu.

Liu E, the orphan queen who grew up from childhood, is not only legendary, but also shows extraordinary political ability and wisdom in the process of growing up. Liu E is an accomplished generation of women. She did many great things that Song Zhenzong could not do. She ended her old age. Funny? A gobbledygook Movement, the End of Kou Zhun and Ding Wei in Song Dynasty? Party struggle? ; She presided over the issuance of the world's first paper money (? Official godson? ), build water conservancy, establish disciplinary courts and establish Chinese studies. All her political and economic achievements are attributed to Injong's personal leadership? Renzong prosperous rule? Laid a solid foundation.

Liu E, like Wu Zetian, is quite legendary. And her starting point is lower than that of Wu Zetian. Wu Zetian was elected to the palace from a high-ranking official's family, while Liu E worked her way up from a busker orphan girl. He entered the palace and ascended the position of queen, reaching the peak of power in the Song Dynasty. She created the first time that a Song Dynasty woman came to Korea, but she was only addicted to wearing a dragon robe as the empress dowager. She didn't stand on her own as emperor like Wu Zetian and set up a new dynasty.

Originally, Liu E's family was also very good. According to legend, his ancestral home was Taiyuan, his grandfather Liu Yanqing was the right general in the Jin, Han, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and his father Liu Tong was a tiger envoy, who led his headquarters (now Leshan, Sichuan) as a secretariat. Liu E's family moved to Huayang, Chengdu, because Liu Tong was going to take office in History. Unfortunately, shortly after Liu E was born, her parents died and Liu E became an orphan. Later, she was put in foster care at her parents' Ponzi.

Some people question that Liu E's father is a governor and a secretariat, and think that this is a noble descendant fabricated by the editor of History of Song Dynasty to make Liu E attached to Liu in the Northern Han Dynasty. But it is true that Liu E was an orphan since she was a child.

Liu E was adopted at her uncle's house. She learned some skills, sang very well, and could skillfully type a name? Swimming pool? Our musical instruments have amazing singing skills, beautiful singing skills and elegant music. Her uncle's family life is not very rich, so she can't keep Liu E. So Liu E married a silversmith named Gong Mei when she was a teenager, and Gong Mei's silversmith business was not very good. So he left Shu with Liu E and went to the capital of song dynasty in Tokyo to make a living. When I entered Bianjing, I was a busker, but Liu E's performance of singing and beating yellow croaker was very distinctive, with euphemistic singing and charming yellow croaker. Moreover, this kind of performance of playing yellow croaker is rare in Bianjing, which has aroused many people's interest.

One day, the band conducted by his third son, Wang Heng, found that Liu E's singing and performance were very beautiful and distinctive. In order to let his master Zhao Heng appreciate the performance of Liu E's novel Beaten, he introduced Liu E to Zhao Heng. Liu E's acting talent and simple clothes left an extraordinary, fresh and beautiful impression on Zhao Heng. Zhao Heng fell in love with Liu E at first sight because all the women she met in the palace were dressed in gorgeous clothes. Zhao Heng fell in love with Liu E at first sight, so Zhao Heng took Liu E into the palace. After being with Song He, I was in high spirits. One day, when they saw that the three kings were all haggard and emaciated, they asked the nurse, Who is next to the three kings? The wet nurse didn't like Liu E, so she added the origin of Liu E to Zhao Guangyi. When Song Taizong learned that his three princes had entered the palace with humble folk singers, he was very angry and ordered Zhao Heng to drive Liu E out of the palace.

Soon, Emperor Taizong got married, and his future wife was the daughter of Pan Mei, the founding hero of Zhao and Song Dynasties. Zhao Heng dared to disobey the law and had to agree to get married. However, he couldn't give up Liu E in his heart, but he couldn't drive Liu E out of the palace against his father's wishes. Finally, he came up with a way to kill two birds with one stone, that is, to secretly put Liu E in the residence of Zhang Qi, the governor of Wangfu. He not only obeyed his will, but also went to private meetings with Liu E from time to time. Zhang Qi soon found a house in another place, and gave the old house to the Third Prince and Liu E as a mandarin duck room. (See Volume 56, Long Series "A Mirror of Continuing Education")

After hiding for a while, Liu E finally had a good time. In the third year (997) when Song Taizong entered Taoism, Zhao Guangyi and Song Taizong died one after another, and Zhao Heng, the third prince, succeeded to the throne and became Song Zhenzong. Although Zhao Heng felt sad about his father's death, he also felt relaxed. This time, he has no father to take care of him. Immediately after Zhao Heng acceded to the throne, he took Liu E out of the palace and ordered Zhang Qi to take him into the palace. At this time, there was a queen Guo and several concubines in the harem. His father just died and Liu E just entered the palace. He can't give Liu E a formal birthright for the time being.

Although Liu E is a singer, she is smart and generous. She knows that she comes from a humble background and must keep a low profile. Therefore, after entering the palace, she did not compete with the empresses of Zhenzong harem. I soon learned that among the concubines in the harem, the princess (now the princess) was favored by Zhenzong, and Zhenzong took Yang with him every time he went out on patrol. The relationship between Liu E and Yang is getting better and better. Later, the two were sisters and got along well in the harem. Liu E's performance in the palace was appreciated by all parties. In the first year of Jingdezhen (1004), Yang was named a gifted scholar, and Liu E was also named a fourth-class beauty. (See Volume 56, Long Series "A Mirror of Continuing Education")

After that, Liu E was successfully promoted in the palace and was promoted to Princess Rest in Peace. Before Liu E was suddenly taken into the palace by Zhao Heng, her husband Gong Mei had to admit that she was unlucky. Liu E is an orphan. Her parents died when she was a child, and she had no family. Liu Ernian was very kind to her at that time, so she boldly asked Gong Mei to be her brother. After being approved, Gong Mei changed her surname to Liu and became Liu E's family. (See The First Biography of Song History, Volume 242)

Liu E had a good time in the palace. She had no mortal enemies in the palace, nor did she harm other queens and concubines with poisonous devices. She is a harem woman who is good at turning enemies into friends.

Liu E (stills)

(a) into the palace? De Fei?

After four years of respecting Germany (1907), Liu E met another good opportunity. That year, after the death of Queen Guo, Zhenzong loved Liu E and wanted her to be an orphan. Liu E, who was born as an orphan, had a good chance to become a queen. However, Kou Zhun, Li Jue, Xiang Minzhong and Wang Dan, the important officials of the imperial court, all opposed it. The reason for their opposition is that Liu E was born in humble background, but this time, Liu E is not a queen. She must remember that Kou Zhun strongly opposed being a queen. So at the end of the Jubilee, Liu E mercilessly laid hands on Kou Zhun, leaving him as prime minister, cutting off his title of Lai Guogong and demoting him by three levels.

Zhao Anren's attitude towards politics became tougher after his opposition. He not only resolutely opposed the nomination of Liu E as his successor, but also proposed Shen Shi, the granddaughter of former Prime Minister Shen Lunzhi and a gifted scholar of noble birth, as his successor. Zhenzong is very unhappy. At this time, Wang Qinruo took the opportunity to sow discord and thought that Zhao Anren's request for the bid was for personal gain. Zhenzong took the opportunity to vent his anger on Zhao Anren, severely reprimanded him and shelved the motion of applying for the time.

Portrait of Song Zhenzong

In three years (10 10), Dazhong Xiangfu got a prince whose biological mother was Liu E's handmaid Li. Liu E showed her cleverness in dealing with her new favorite Li. Instead of competing with Li for favor, she took Li's only son as her own son. Moreover, she skillfully balanced the relationship with Yang and gave her son to Yang to raise. The robbed son later became Song Renzong. It can be said that Liu E took away her son from Lee, who was favored by Shinchan, and also took away the future power of North Korea.

Sure enough, in the fifth year (10 12), Liu E was made queen. This time, most North Korean ministers knew that opposition would not work, and they didn't want to offend Song Zhenzong, so they all compromised without saying a word. Of course, there are also passive resistance. For example, Yang Yi, a bachelor of Hanlin, knew that ministers could not stop Liu E from being blocked, but he was determined not to draft an imperial edict for the true Sect. True Sect didn't want to fall behind the humiliation, so he had to find other ministers to draft the imperial edict.

Liu E, who was born an orphan, finally became a queen. After becoming a queen, he easily solved the concubines in the harem and turned his interest to government affairs. She knows the great idea of gradualism. She cares about politics first, and then participates in politics. At first, whenever Emperor Zhenzong retired from the DPRK and read the paper in his own residence until late at night, Liu E always patiently and humbly accompanied him and watched the paper. After having a deeper understanding of the DPRK-China government affairs, she put forward suggestions and ideas to help the new Zen make decisions and gradually gain the trust and trust of the new Zen. Later, she participated in the government affairs of Zhenzong, and her participation in decision-making was regarded as normal by Song Zhenzong. (History as a Mirror, Volume 79)

(2) After conferring the title, read articles and manage political affairs.

With the aggravation of her illness, Song Zhenzong's love and trust for Liu E gradually changed. He began to express his antipathy to Liu E's participation in politics and was wary of her intervention. In the third year of Tianxi (10 19), Venus Taibai appeared in the daytime. After the official divination, the divination result is:? A woman is often the master? . (See History as a Mirror, Volume 93) Song Zhenzong was very worried about Liu E's authoritarianism, and was very upset after learning the divination results.

Song Zhenzong summoned Zhou Huaizheng, the confidant and manager of the East Palace, to enter the palace to discuss the matter of letting the prince supervise the country. Zhou Huai is the party member of Premier Kou Zhun. Kou Zhun was very happy to learn that Shinchan intended to let the Prince supervise the country, so he took the opportunity to enter the palace and secretly discussed with Shinchan the specific matters of the Prince's supervision. After the agreement, Kou Zhun immediately went out of the palace and let Yang Yi secretly draft it overnight? Prince Guo Jian? Imperial edict This matter is very secret, even Liu E and other concubines who are favored by Zhenzong don't know. But I don't know who passed the secret to Liu E, and Liu E let Zhenzong know the truth. However, before Liu E, Song Zhenzong's position was not firm, he said? I don't remember saying anything at the beginning of the year. , is the prince in Kou Zhun. In this way, the earth-shattering thing happened to Kou Zhun, who argued that he didn't know the truth. Therefore, Kou Zhun took the liberty of letting the prince supervise the country, which was a crime and a great sin.

Liu E took the opportunity to unite Kou Zhun's opponent, Ding Wei, the envoy of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Behind Song Zhenzong's back, it's just the post of Prime Minister of Kou Zhun. Ding Wei in Song Dynasty replaced Kou Zhun as the chief prime minister of the imperial court. He also served as Tong Ping, Zhao, National History Supervisor and Y.

Zhou Huaizheng belongs to a party in Kou Zhun. Who is he? Prince supervises the country? The earliest participant in the event. Kou Zhun was arrested after the story came to light. He knew that after Liu E and Ding Wei came to power, the Song Dynasty would not let him go. Therefore, he used his identity as the supervisor of the Eastern Palace to trust the cronies of the new Zen. He ventured to plan a rebellion. He wanted to abolish Queen Liu E, kill Ding Wei, the phase of Song Xincheng, and let Kou Zhun return to the DPRK to be the second phase. However, a subordinate of Zhou Huaizheng was a spy of Ding Wei in Song Dynasty. He told Ding Wei the night before the Song Dynasty mutiny. Late at night, Song went to see Shangshu's right servant (i.e. signature? Single source alliance? Song Fang's chief representative) Cao Liyong, to discuss countermeasures. Cao Liyong immediately entered the palace and told Liu E that Zhou Huaizheng was preparing to defect. The next morning, Liu E joined forces with Ding Wei, Song Dynasty and Cao Liyong to arrest Zhou Huaizheng and his henchmen, and Zhou Huaizheng was killed.

Later, in order not to let everyone talk? Single source alliance? Shame, so that it has every reason to hold a ceremony, Wang Qinruo and Song Zhenzong to go? Tian Rui? Using this as an excuse, he got three gobbledygook books, namely, Volume 96 of "A Mirror for Continuing Education", so Song Zhenzong held a meditation ceremony and celebrated the whole country. Ding,, took the opportunity to attack the Kou Zhun faction, the main force at that time, forcing Kou Zhun's confidant to come forward and bring about my own destruction.

In February of the first year of Ganxing (1022), Liu E announced Kou Zhun? Guilt? , including Kou Zhun, Zhou Huaizheng and Li Di. But Liu E is still dissatisfied with the appearance of Kou Zhun and the dissolution of his henchmen. So, she boldly wrote a letter, cut off the title of Kou Zhun Lai Guogong and relegated to the magistrate of a county (Anyang, Henan); Then, he was demoted to Anzhou (Anlu, Hubei); After that, he was demoted to Daozhou (Daoxian County, Hunan Province), and Kou Zhun was demoted three times in a row. All this was done by Liu E, but the sick Song Zhenzong didn't know it. I haven't seen Kou Zhun for several days before he asked the people around me where Kou Zhun had gone. And no one around me dares to tell the truth.

(3) Eliminate Kou Zhun's one-party dictatorship and control state affairs; Defeat Ding Wei, Song Dynasty and Cao Liyong, and listen to politics.

In the first year of Ganxing in Song Renzong (1022), Song Zhenzong died, and Zhenzong left a will: the queen was the empress dowager, and the power of the military kingdom was handled by the empress dowager? . The Korean Bureau has begun to change. Ding Wei completely defeated Kou Zhun, the rival of Song Dynasty and Liu E. They lost their opponents and became rivals. Liu E robbed Li's son, and the reward was immeasurable. The child became Song Renzong, and Liu E took the high position of Empress Dowager Cixi. However, Liu E lost her obedient Song Zhenzong. Heir Zhao, thirteen years old, belongs to the rebellious period. Liu E should also pay attention to how to make him obey.

Song Renzong (stills)

In North Korea, Ding Wei gradually took Liu E as an opponent in the Song Dynasty without Kou Zhun as an opponent, and the original political alliance became two hostile forces vying for power in North Korea. After the death of Zhenzong, Liu E lost the patron of supreme power. When Ding saw Liu E's orphans and widows, his desire for power began to swell. He intends to raise Liu E and monopolize government affairs. Liu E has rich political experience and a keen sense of political smell, and he has long been aware of Ding Wei's ambition in the Song Dynasty. The contradiction between the two has intensified. After Injong succeeded to the throne, Wang Zeng, who had just become an official, was very dissatisfied with Song and had a bad impression on Liu E. Seeing that the contradiction between Song and Liu E intensified, he took the opportunity to fan the flames. He advised Liu E single-handedly, but Chen Song had ulterior motives, wanted to be authoritarian and good at politics, and reminded Liu E that the Song Dynasty was in danger!

Liu E acts according to her usual political style. If she doesn't move, she will be quick and determined. In June of the first year of Ganxing (1022), Liu E, after full preparation, summoned his ministers and Ding Wei, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, deceived the young master, erected two palaces, colluded with the eunuch Lei Yungong, and leaked the evidence of arbitrary dictatorship to the world.

Liu E wiped out powerful political opponents such as Kou Zhun, Ding Wei and Song Dynasty, and no minister dared to stop her from monopolizing power. Is that the year? Rob? Liu E and her son, Song Renzong Zhao Zhen, went to Chengmingtang to face the court, sitting in Renzong on the left and Liu E on the right, which officially opened the era when Liu E listened to politics in the court.

Two years later, in the second year of Song Renzong Tiansheng (1024)1month, Liu E began to be dissatisfied with Lin Chao's listening system. She just wore a royal dress and accepted the title given to her by Song Renzong and his princes:? Empress Ying Yuan Chongde Renshou Cisheng. ? (See Volume 98 of "Continuing Education as a Mirror")

Empress Liu E is in charge and will not leave any threatening opponents. There is also a powerful official in the imperial court who scares her. Is this man Jin Chao? Single source alliance? Cao Liyong, an old minister who signed a contract on behalf of the Song Dynasty. At that time, Cao Liyong pretended to be an old hero and played with the power of work. Is it inconvenient for Liu E to call him when he is in court? Servant? . This is hard for Liu E to accept. In the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), someone told the court that Cao Liyong's nephew, Ma Jun of Zhaozhou, had committed treason. He was dressed in yellow when he was drunk, and people called him long live. Liu E felt the opportunity came and immediately wrote a secret letter to Prime Minister Wang Zeng. The reason why Cao Liyong and his nephew rebelled is clear. They must be killed before it is too late. If it falls into his hands, you will regret it. ? (See History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 283, Biography, Forty-two) When Liu E wanted to punish him, Zhang Shixun in Shangshu said:? Cao Yu did it alone, but he is a senior minister of North Korea, so I don't know. ? Liu E flew into a rage and immediately removed Zhang Shixun from his post as minister and ordered him to leave the capital. Finally, Cao Liyong was expelled from Beijing. Later, Cao Liyong committed suicide on the way.

Kou Zhun, who was sealed by Liu E in those days, was completely defeated by Liu E, and Zhou Huaizheng, the confidant of Zhenzong and the manager of the East Palace, also died. Liu E treated them in the same way as Wu Zetian treated his political opponents, and they all made decisive moves until their political opponents were completely defeated. But compared with Wu Zetian, Liu E is still a little kind. After all, she saved Kou Zhun's life.

After Injong acceded to the throne, Liu E first proclaimed himself emperor in the imperial court, and then put on a dragon robe, so that Injong and officials respected his empress dowager. Now, she feels that her desire to be emperor is getting stronger and stronger. Once, when she was in court, she asked the ministers: what is the position of the main post-Tang dance? ? A courtier replied:? The sinners of the Tang Dynasty almost destroyed the land of the Tang Dynasty! ? Hearing Liu E's words, she was silent. (See the 120-long volume of "Continuing the History as a Mirror")

At this time, there were flattering ministers, such as Zhong Gong of Fangcheng Hall and Colin, the Kaifeng magistrate. Or invite Liu E? Tell the story of Wuhou? , or sacrifice "memoirs" and so on. All these imply that Liu E should be proclaimed emperor. Liu E took the opportunity to ask courtiers what they thought of being emperor. All the courtiers were afraid to speak. Only honest and frank remonstrator and politician Lu Zongdao bluntly said:? What is the queen mother's intention in this move? ? Liu E deeply realized that it was not feasible to be an emperor. Finally, she tore up all the memorials sent by courtiers to persuade her to be emperor and said loudly: I will never do anything wrong to my ancestors in the Song Dynasty! ? (See The First Biography of Song History, Volume 242)

However, in November of the first year of Ming Dow (1032), Liu E decided to put on royal clothes and go to the ancestral temple. Many ministers are against it. Does assistant minister Xue Kui said? Does the queen mother dress up as an emperor and salute the ancestral temple? ? Liu E couldn't answer. (See "Wu Chao Tu")

In February of the second year of Ming Dow (1033), Liu E made an appropriate compromise to the courtiers and went to the ancestral temple to offer sacrifices. She is still wearing a royal robe. However, Zong Yi and seaweed, symbols of loyalty, filial piety and cleanliness, were deleted from the twelve chapters of the imperial robe, and she did not wear the emperor's sword. (See The First Biography of Song History, Volume 242)

Previously, Liu E and Ding Wei joined forces in the Song Dynasty to eliminate the powerful Kou Zhun Party of the North Korean regime; Now, she is highly effective, and suddenly attacked and defeated the Song Dynasty in Ding Wei, which was once a political alliance. This kind of political means is not inferior to Wu Zetian, but she is different from Wu Zetian. At the request of all ministers, she saved Ding Wei's life in Song Dynasty. In the face of political opponents who want to kill her, Liu E did not physically destroy her opponent. So, what about her? No poison from Lv Hou? There is some truth.

In March of the second year of Ming Dow (1033), Liu E fell ill and ordered an amnesty. Kou Zhun and others who were demoted after Liu E went to Korea were either restored to their official positions and reputations, or given a lighter or reduced sentence. Even the Song Dynasty in Ding Wei, which she hated, moved to the capital from a remote place.

In March 2002, Liu E died in Wu Jia, Ming Dow. Song Renzong called his ministers to court and cried. The Queen Mother changed her clothes several times before she died. What do you mean? ? Xue Kui, who is involved in political affairs, replied? The queen mother doesn't want to see her wearing those clothes.