Introduce Jingchu culture.

Hubei Daily reporter Huang Propaganda correspondent Ning Wei

Jingchu culture is profound and has a long history. How can we make better use of this cultural heritage? On New Year's Eve, at the seminar on Jingchu culture held by China Geo University, experts and scholars from all over the province spoke freely and discussed the modern value of Jingchu culture.

What is the modern value of Jingchu culture?

Wang Shengtie, honorary president of Jingchu Culture Research Association and chairman of CPPCC, pointed out: For thousands of years, Hubei, as the center of Jingchu culture, has made outstanding contributions to the formation of splendid Jingchu culture and laid an important position for Hubei as a cultural province. Under the new background and historical conditions of 2 1 century, it is of great significance not only to the cultural development of Hubei, but also to the economic and social development of Hubei. The modern value of Jingchu culture is mainly reflected in the cultural spirit of keeping pace with the times, rich and colorful cultural resources, and the cordial care of leaders of past dynasties for Hubei. This is an important connotation of Jingchu culture and has extremely valuable modern value.

"The core connotation of the modern value of Jingchu culture is the innovative spirit of being the first in the world, which is the spiritual power and source to promote Hubei's economic construction and development." Professor Zhang of Huazhong Normal University clearly expounded his views. He believes that the so-called "dare to be the first in the world" means to maximize the imagination and form their own advantages and characteristics in the process of communicating with other nationalities and other cultures. He pointed out that the essence of Jingchu culture-Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophical thoughts and Qu Sao's aesthetic thoughts are models of imagination and creativity.

How to better develop and utilize Jingchu culture

Wang Shengtie believes that the purpose of our research is to better explore the historical and cultural heritage, inherit the outstanding cultural achievements of mankind, firmly grasp the development direction of advanced culture, organically combine the outstanding culture of Jingchu with the reality of Hubei's modernization, and provide strong spiritual motivation and intellectual support for inspiring the people of the whole province to forge ahead courageously.

Researcher Liu Yutang, vice president of the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, put forward the idea of building a "three rivers and three mountains" tourism layout with the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Hanjiang River, Qingjiang River, Shennongjia, Wudang Mountain and Dabie Mountain as carriers. He believes that if Hubei tourism abandons the Han River, Chu Culture and Three Kingdoms Culture, it is equivalent to losing half of it, while Qingjiang, located in western Hubei, is rich in Ba culture, Tujia culture and Miao culture. Dabie Mountain with glorious revolutionary tradition will be a valuable revolutionary cultural resource for our province to effectively promote red tourism. Only by adjusting the strategy of "one river and two mountains" to the strategy of "three rivers and three mountains" can the cultural tourism in our province fully display the connotation of Jingchu culture and reflect its diversity.

In his speech, He Zhi, a researcher at the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, once again put forward the proposal of establishing a "Jingchu Cultural Corridor". The so-called "Jingchu Cultural Corridor" is a substantial cultural highland. From a spatial perspective, it is a highway cultural belt with Hanyi Expressway (and the 3 18 national highway which coincides with it) as the main body and Jingzhou ancient city as the central axis, forming the advantages of cultural corridor and integrated cultural effect of "one line runs through the five beads" (Hanyi Expressway is the first line, megacity Wuhan, large and medium-sized cities Yichang and Jingzhou, small cities Xiantao and Qianjiang). From the perspective of cultural characteristics, the Jingchu Cultural Corridor will form three development poles: Yichang, Jingzhou and Wuhan. The traditional background color is Three Gorges culture (or Bachu culture)-Chu culture-Han culture; Modern characteristics are correspondingly embodied in hydropower culture-composite culture (compatible synthesis)-optical valley culture. "Jingchu Cultural Corridor" will become a cultural link between water culture and land culture, tradition and modernity, openness and novelty. It has a unique cultural bright color that attracts worldwide attention. To promote the cultural brand with Hubei characteristics to the whole country and even the whole world, it is urgent to establish a "Jingchu Cultural Corridor".

The development of culture is most closely related to economic development. Wang, deputy editor-in-chief of Hubei University of Economics, suggested that Jingchu cultural capital should be considered from the perspective of cultural value and economic value. The accumulation of Hubei cultural capital should drive the development of the tertiary industry with the most growth potential, and the cultural capital and tertiary industry with regional resource endowment advantages should become the endogenous support for Hubei's "rise" in the central region.

Jingchu culture can also contribute to the construction of modern cities. Liu Baifang and Xie Kui of Jingzhou Social Science Association put forward their own views: fully tap Chu cultural resources with patriotism as the core, and prosper Jingzhou cultural industry. Coincidentally, Xiong Shouchang, deputy director and associate researcher of Ezhou Museum, also believes that the development and utilization of the Chu-E culture of Fengwangtai in Xiongqu is of great significance to urban construction, the creation of a national historical and cultural city, a civilized and hygienic city and an excellent tourist city.

The latest research results of Jingchu culture

Cheng Yuntie, former vice chairman of Hubei Provincial Political Consultative Conference and president of Jingchu Culture Research Association, and Chen, vice chairman of Jingchu Culture Research Association, discussed Jingchu tea affairs by advocating tea drinking, verified the indissoluble bond between tea and Jingchu, and pointed out that Chu people are like tea, and the humanistic spirit of Jingchu can be seen from the development of Hubei tea affairs. For example, Shennong "tasted a hundred herbs and encountered seventy-two poisons every day" was fearless, and Lu Yu traveled thousands of miles to explore tea science, which reflected the pioneering spirit of Chu people "opening mountains with green light"; Jingchu tea affairs are colorful, just in line with the Chu people's artistic feelings of pursuing novelty and novelty; In addition, Jingchu people's pursuit of tea just embodies the Chu people's philosophy of peace and moderation.

Zhang, president of China Geo University, and Professor, deputy director of the Natural History and Culture Research Center of China Geo University, systematically and comprehensively combed the formation, performance characteristics and achievements of Jingchu culture and Chu culture. They believe that our discussion and study of Jingchu culture and ancient culture today is not only "nostalgia", but more importantly, it is necessary to inherit the essence of traditional culture and build a more brilliant modern culture.

From the ideological characteristics, Jingchu culture is more imaginative, speculative and romantic than other cultures in the Yellow River Basin. Li, a professor of philosophy at Wuhan University, believes that the particularity of this ideology and culture has gradually formed a long-standing tradition of psychology in Hubei, and Hubei culture has made the most distinctive contribution to the development of China's philosophy and the spiritual world of China people. For example, the bamboo slips of Guodian in Jingmen have paid attention to and discussed the issue of mind. During the thousands of years from Sui and Tang Dynasties to the 20th century, there was a surge of mind learning in Jingchu. Zen originated in Huangmei, and Lu Jiuyuan was in charge of Huang An and Macheng. . .

Jingchu cultural philosophy has had a great influence on the development and trend of modern literature in China. Liu, an associate researcher at the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that the unique aesthetic orientation of poetry in Jingchu cultural philosophy had a great influence on the construction of the aesthetic world of modern literature after reviewing several stages of the relationship between traditional culture and modern literature in China. The poetic art of Jingchu cultural philosophy endows China modern literature with free and unrestrained beauty and natural beauty derived from concern for nature.

Professor Yao of Huazhong Normal University pointed out that the situation of social material life is also the only yardstick to evaluate social progress when combing the changes of Jingchu food culture, clothing culture and holiday etiquette in the long history. Exploring the social life tradition of Jingchu is essentially to study Jingchu culture from a new angle, so as to truly reproduce and construct the modern value and future trend of Jingchu culture.

Shao, deputy director and researcher of Chu Culture Institute of Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, gave a unique speech. He believes that Jingchu culture, as an integral part of China culture, has attracted attention at home and abroad after being discovered in the first half of last century and excavated in the second half, and has achieved fruitful results in many fields. However, only by mastering the correct historical methods, based on objective and true materials and rigorous attitude can we make better use of history. Narrow concepts and pragmatism are not conducive to developing the modern value of Chu culture. In addition, the known research results of explaining the modern value of Chu culture are mostly confined to the spiritual level, which has a wide and far-reaching influence, but the process is slow and long-term, with subtle methods and vague effects. To explore the modern value of Chu culture, we can't try to do it overnight. While inheriting excellent cultural heritage, we should also face up to the lessons of history and the warning of the so-called Jingchu bamboo silk and Jingchu culture.

Luo

The study of Jingchu bamboo slips and silks has formed an international academic upsurge, which is not only the continuous discovery of Chu bamboo slips, but also the rich connotation and strong attraction of Jingchu bamboo slips and silks. Bamboo slips and silk books unearthed in China are mainly concentrated in Jingchu and northwest China, and Jingchu is the majority in Jingchu and northwest China. As early as the Southern Qi Dynasty, a bamboo slip was unearthed from a grave in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province) in the north of Jingchu, which was identified as the missing part of Zhou Li. In the early 1940s, the famous Chu silk book was unearthed in Changsha, Hunan. Since 1950s, more than 50 batches of Jingchu bamboo slips and silks have been unearthed. Among them, since 1970s, a large number of bamboo slips such as Mawangdui silk book, Crouching Tiger Qin Bamboo Slips, Baoshan Chu Slips, Guodian Chu Slips, Zhangjiashan Han Slips, Zoumalou Wu Bamboo Slips, Shanghai Museum Chu Slips, Liye Qin Slips have been unearthed and discovered, which has continuously brought surprises to academic circles.

Jingchu bamboo slips and silks are mostly from tombs and ancient wells, and books and documents have their own characteristics, various types and rich contents. Great people have the following fate.

Taoism is a major feature of Jingchu culture. Laozi published in Jingchu bamboo slips and silk books includes Guodian bamboo slips and Mawangdui silk books. Laozi, a bamboo slip, is an anthology, copied in the middle of the Warring States Period, and it is the earliest book ever seen. Compared with today's edition, it doesn't elaborate on the theory of Tao and the ideal society of "small country and few people", and it doesn't have anything that contradicts the main Confucian theories, such as "abandoning benevolence and righteousness" and "abandoning wisdom and sage", and it focuses on practicality, which should be the official tradition of Chu State. Mawangdui's silk book "Laozi" has a copy and a duplicate, which were copied before and after Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor. Except that the classic of virtue is different from the current edition, its content and structure are basically the same, which can solve many disputes about chapters and words in the current edition, and it is the earliest complete version of Laozi. Taoist works also include Bamboo Slips of Guodian "Taiyi Shengshui" and Bamboo Slips of Shanghai Museum "Heng Xian". These are two precious lost essays of Taoism in the pre-Qin period handed down from Jingchu, respectively expounding Taoism's theory of universe generation, Taoism's theory of emptiness and tranquility and the theory of the origin of heaven and earth. Taoism was divided into Huang Lao School and Zhuangzi School in the middle and late Warring States Period. The Huang-Lao School had a great influence during the Warring States Period, and its works were lost, resulting in little knowledge in later generations. The discovery of Mawangdui's silk book Huangdi Neijing gives the world a chance to re-understand the Huang-Lao school.

Confucianism has always been an important connotation of Jingchu culture. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu people had a tradition of learning poetry, books, rituals and music, and Chu Zhuangwang courtier Shen Shushi was a famous Confucian scholar. When discussing the education of the king of Chu, he put forward benevolence, virtue, loyalty, faith, chastity, righteousness, courtesy, filial piety, benevolence, literature, martial arts, punishment and reward (the country is in danger of Chu), whose core content is "restraining evil and promoting good" and pursuing the "goodness" of "heart", which opened up the research on the theory of mind and nature of Meng Si School in later generations. Bamboo slips from Guodian and Chu bamboo books collected in Shanghai Museum include Yi Yi (one each), On Temperament (self-assertion of sex), Five Elements, The Way of Tang Yu, The Way of Faithfulness, Poor Times, Liu De, The Smell of Success and Respecting Virtue and Renyi.

Jingchu is a region that is good at poetry and fu. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu advocated poetry teaching. Noble scholars and officials are mostly good at four-character poems, and often use chapters and sentences in the Book of Songs as a way to express their feelings in diplomacy and interpersonal communication. During the Warring States Period, Chu Ci rose in Jingchu, and a group of writers, represented by Qu Yuan and Song Yu, created brilliant Chu Ci and Chu Ci works, which had a far-reaching impact on Jingchu culture and even the whole China culture. Chu Bamboo Books of Warring States Period in Shanghai Museum are full of poems, poems and music. On Poetry is a lost article of Confucian literary criticism. In addition to the poems in The Book of Songs found in On Poetry, six lost poems were found in Chu bamboo slips, which are very precious. There are 7 bamboo slips in Shi Le (or Song), which record the titles of 40 kinds of poems and the singing pitch of poems. Written in front of a title or a group (several titles), it consists of four scales: Gong, Shang, Zheng and Yu, and nine tone sandhi, such as Mu and He. For example, there are male and female, male group, male sweat and princess in the public sound. The source of the title of such poems circulating in Chu is still difficult to verify.

The silk books Spring and Autumn Stories and Letters from the Warring States Period unearthed in Mawangdui are important discoveries in history books. The story of Chunqiu focuses on "memorizing words", which may be another book of Guoyu. There are 27 letters in the Warring States Period, of which 16 letters have been lost for a long time, which are new materials in the history of the Warring States Period. Mistakes about the Su Qin era in The Warring States Policy and Historical Records have been corrected, and this book is called "precious historical materials that Sima Qian has never seen before". Among the Chu bamboo books in the Shanghai Museum, there is also a Chu calligraphy book in the Warring States Period, which was handed down by Chu and the earliest calligraphy book seen by China.

In the bamboo slips and silks of Jingchu in the Warring States Period and the early Han Dynasty, books on astronomy, calendars and divination also accounted for a considerable proportion. The Chu silk book unearthed in Changsha in the early 1940s is about the taboo of twelve months a year, which belongs to a kind of calendar taboo book. Its pictures should be the earliest "style" (a tool used by mathematicians to check time) or "schema" in Chu. The Book of Japan, written by Chu Bamboo Slips of the Warring States Period in Jiudian, Jiangling, is the earliest numerology book to choose good or ill luck. There are also two kinds of Japanese books sleeping on the bamboo slips in Hudi (M 1 1), which are richer in content. Mathematics books on Mawangdui silk account for more than half, among which "Five Stars Zhan" and "Astronomy and Meteorology Miscellaneous Zhan" mainly focus on astrology and clouds, which are most closely related to astronomy. Among them, 30 pictures of comets are the earliest accurate observation and description of comets in the history of world astronomy. Two kinds of yin and yang and five elements and three kinds of punishment and morality are more interesting math books.

Both Zhoujiatai Qin bamboo slips and Jiangling Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips have been found to have genealogies. The former is the calendar of the thirty-fourth, thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh years of Qin Shihuang and the first year of Qin Ershi; The latter is the calendar from the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu to the second year of Lv Hou. These calendars are valuable materials for studying the evolution of calendars in Qin and Han dynasties, whether in annual branches or monthly branches. The multiplication formula table of Qin bamboo slips in Liye, Longshan, Xiangxi (J 1) is the earliest multiplication formula table in China and a precious object in the history of arithmetic. Shu Shu, the Han bamboo slips of Zhangjiashan, is a mathematical work earlier than Jiu Zhang Arithmetic, which reflects the level of mathematical development from the end of the Warring States to the early Western Han Dynasty. This book retains some mathematical historical materials that are not found in Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, which is precious and occupies a very important position in the history of mathematics. The multiplication table of bamboo slips in the Eastern Han Dynasty was also unearthed at the ancient dike site in Zhangjiajie City (formerly Dayong City), western Hunan Province.

In bamboo slips and silks, legal documents are a big part. Baoshan bamboo slips involve legal documents, which are divided into two types: titled and untitled. There are four titles: anthology, anthology, acceptance period and imprisonment. Untitled categories are litigation records and abstracts; The other is a summary record of cases reported by various places. The legal documents of Baoshan bamboo slips belong to the archives of the judicial activities of Chu in the middle of the Warring States Period, and are precious materials for studying the laws of Chu. Sleeping in the Tiger Land (M 1 1) Qin bamboo slips are famous for discovering Qin laws. Eighteen Kinds of Qin Laws, Effective Law, Miscellaneous Copy of Qin Laws, Questions and Answers of Laws, Closed Diagnosis and the Way of Being an Official, etc. , involving criminal law, procedural law, civil law, military law, administrative law and economic law, occupies an important position in the legal history of China and even the world. The Yunmeng Longgang Qin Bamboo Slips (M6) is another important discovery of Qin legal documents after Yunmeng Hudi Qin Bamboo Slips. The content of the effective law in Wangjiatai (M 15) Qin bamboo slips in Jiangling is basically the same as that in Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land (M 1 1). Zhangjiashan (M247) Han bamboo slips are also famous for discovering Han law. Among them, Two-year Law was promulgated in Lv Hou in two years (BC 186), involving more than 20 kinds of laws, some of which are the same as the eighteen kinds of laws in Sleeping Tiger Land Bamboo Slips, including the contents of the main laws of the Han Dynasty, namely, Stealing Law and Thief Law.

In short, Jingchu bamboo silk itself is a beautiful landscape of Jingchu culture. Since the beginning of the 20th century, more than 340,000 bamboo slips have been unearthed in China, of which Jingchu accounted for more than half, exceeding 6.5438+0.8 million. The two great discoveries of silk books also came from Jingchu. Bamboo slips of Chu in Warring States, bamboo slips of Qin Dynasty, bamboo slips of early Western Han Dynasty, bamboo slips of Wu in Three Kingdoms and bamboo slips of Western Jin Dynasty, with their unique rich connotations, have continuously formed many international academic hotspots and promoted the prosperity and development of China's academic culture.

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