Are there any records related to the Xia Dynasty in Oracle Bone Inscriptions?

Why are there only 273-year-old Oracle Bone Inscriptions relics in Yin Ruins? Oracle Bone Inscriptions was accompanied by the enlightenment of Chinese civilization.

With the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins in 1899, the Shang Dynasty in the historical legend of China came into reality, which advanced the envoy time of China by more than 500 years, and pushed the confirmed civilization history of China to 3,600 years ago. Oracle Bone Inscriptions got its name because it was engraved on tortoise shells and animal bones. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins is a Oracle Bone Inscriptions that records Pan Geng's 270-year migration. Because it was unearthed in Yin Ruins, it was called Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Shang. Yin Shang culture has three characteristics, namely, believing in history, drinking alcohol and worshiping ghosts and gods; Because of this, these tortoise shells, which decide fishing, logging and agriculture, have become important materials for studying China characters.

Most of the contents recorded in Oracle bone inscriptions in Yin Shang Dynasty are divination records of the royal family in Yin Shang Dynasty. Most people in Shang dynasty were superstitious about ghosts and gods, and asked questions about big and small issues. Some divination is about the weather, some about agricultural harvest, and some about diseases and premature birth. Hunting, fighting, sacrifice and other major events need to be asked. According to statistics, there are about 4,500 words in Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed from Yin Ruins in Henan Province, and only about 2,000 words have been interpreted so far. It is believed that it was produced and formed in the Yin and Shang Dynasties and became a mature and complete writing system.

As the beginning of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China, the Xia Dynasty has not been recognized by domestic historians and international historians because it has not found the ruins of the capital of the Xia Dynasty, the characters representing the Xia civilization and the metal currency representing the unified royal management of the Xia Dynasty.

As the beginning of China's mature writing system, did Oracle Bone Inscriptions only emerge, develop and mature in the Shang Dynasty for more than 500 years? The answer is of course no.

Sima Qian in Historical Records? Seventy biographies? Biography of Turtle Policy is recorded as follows:

Taishi Gong said: Since ancient times, the sage has been ordered to build the country and promote his career, why not help the good with treasure? Tang Yu above, I don't remember. Since the rise of three generations, each has its own merits. The omen of heaped-up mountains attracts Xia Qishi, the prosperity of flying swallows attracts Yin stars, and the transport of valleys attracts Zhou Wang. It is not easy for the king to decide all doubts, participate in divination and break the tortoise.

Although there is no order of monarch and minister in the barbarian frontier, there are also doubts. Whether it is stone or grass, the country is different. However, everyone can fight and attack, push troops to win, believe in their own god and know what is coming.

It's said that those who hide in the summer and want to predict, take the turtle and abandon it, thinking that the hidden turtle is ineffective and can't be raised for a long time. For the diviner in Zhou Shi, he often treasures turtles; And its size has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is necessary to return it with the same ear. Or those who think that the holy king is uncertain about everything, has no doubt, thinks that he has set the path of God's inquiry, thinks that future generations will decline, fools will not learn wisdom, everyone will be safe, divided into hundreds of rooms, and the road will be endless, so they push themselves back to the minimum and immerse themselves in the spirit.

I went to Jiangnan to watch him play and asked my elders, "Yunguichi is in the upper reaches of the lotus leaf, with a hundred stems." . It is also born, the beast has no tigers and wolves, and the grass has no poisonous thorns. Family members along the river often eat soft-shelled turtles, thinking that they can help the elderly with air. Don't believe it!

It is said that the five emperors and three kings in ancient times initiated activities to kill turtles first.

Sima Qian traveled to the Jianghuai area when he was young, and he had a deep understanding of the local customs in the Jianghuai area. He wrote about it in the historical record. Turtle policy biography? , a detailed account of the history and events related to turtle divination. It can be seen that the tradition of divination with turtles is a long-standing custom in Jianghuai area. As a result, turtle divination became the most important method for the royal family in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties to exercise royal management. What is the regional culture and cultural inheritance behind the formation of divination management mode?

From Sima Qian's Historical Records, we can clearly see that the cultures of Shang Dynasty and Xia Dynasty are in the same strain, and the rites and music of Zhou Dynasty are completely inherited from Xia Dynasty. Then a conclusion or viewpoint is drawn that the culture that Yin Shang decided the state, life and production with turtles also came from the inheritance of Xia culture, and the inheritance and development of Yin Shang Oracle Bone Inscriptions could not be separated from the achievements of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Xia Dynasty. In other words, the predecessor of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty was Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Xia Dynasty, and Xia Dynasty also had a complete Xia Oracle Bone Inscriptions system.

In Sima Qian's Historical Records, it is clearly told us that Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle bone inscriptions, who were engaged in divination in Xia and Shang Dynasties, could not be collected after divination and must be discarded, otherwise the divination would be invalid. This is also the reason why a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions can be unearthed in Yin Ruins. Why did the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins only record the year of 273 when Pan Geng moved to Shang Zhouwang, but not the reason of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in other years?

This also gives us archaeologists a clear hint that the determination of the capital of Shang Dynasty in other periods of Shang Dynasty must be supported by the excavation of Oracle Bone Inscriptions or Oracle bones. The determination of the ruins of the capital for more than 200 years in the early Shang Dynasty is a question mark without the excavation of Oracle Bone Inscriptions or Oracle bones. If Oracle Bone Inscriptions or Oracle bones are unearthed and other conditions are not perfect, it is likely to be the capital of Shang Dynasty.

Extending the above conclusion, the search and establishment of the capital of Xia Dynasty also depends on the decisive role of Oracle bones or the discovery of Oracle bones. As for the scope of finding the capital of Xia Dynasty, combining the traditional custom of turtle divination with a long history in Jianghuai area and the turtle divination culture of the second generation of Xia and Shang royal families, as the capital of Xia Dynasty in the early Shang Dynasty, it is very likely that it is located in Jianghuai area, rather than the Yellow River valley with traditional historical concepts.

As for the origin of the custom of tortoise divination, we have to elaborate on the Shuangdun cultural site discovered in Huaishang District of Bengbu, which was discovered four kilometers north of Huaihe River in Tushan area in recent years. The archaeological date of Shuangdun cultural site is 7300 years ago. On the mound a few meters above the ground, a large number of pottery engraved with words, as well as a large number of turtle bones and animal bones were unearthed. Tortoise bones and animal bones are very old and severely corroded and weathered. It is impossible to determine whether there are descriptive symbols on tortoise shells, but there are more than 600 descriptive characters found on pottery. These more than 600 symbols are divided into three categories: animal modeling, plant modeling and other modeling, which are closely related to people's lives. Besides matters related to the royal family in Shang Dynasty, tortoise divination related to people's life and production is also the main content described by Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Shang Dynasty, which has many similarities with the depiction symbols unearthed from Shuangdun cultural site.

If we boldly infer that the Shuangdun cultural site dating back to 7300 years ago is a sacrificial platform for the people in the ancient Huaihe River basin, and those depicting symbols are the original depicting symbols that the ancient people pinned their hopes on. Oracle bone inscriptions, divined by a tortoise in Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago, have been developed for more than 3000 years, inheriting the cultural customs of double piers.

Between Shuangdun culture 7300 years ago and Yin Shang culture 3600 years ago, Xia culture 4000 years ago should play a key role in connecting the preceding with the following, that is, it is the inheritance and development of Shuangdun culture and the predecessor of Yin Shang divination culture. Then, there must be a mature Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Xia Dynasty to carry the divination activities of turtles, and there must also be a sacrificial platform in the capital of the Xia Dynasty, similar to the Shuangdun Cultural Site and the Oracle Bone Inscriptions Discovery Site in Yin Ruins. There must also be a large number of inscriptions on Oracle Bone Inscriptions or Oracle bones in the sacrificial platform to show the traces left by various divination activities in the Xia Dynasty in the past 500 years.

Through the above explanation, we can form several basic viewpoints and conclusions: Oracle bone inscriptions in Shang Dynasty never developed independently, but inherited and developed from Oracle bone inscriptions in Xia Dynasty; There must be a Xia Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Xia Dynasty similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, and it survived under the thick soil of an undiscovered sacrificial platform. Shuangdun Cultural Site is the enlightenment period of Guibu Culture in Xia and Shang Dynasties, and its carved symbols are the predecessors of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, representing the personal identity of admirers or some kind of good wishes. 7300 years ago to 3600 years ago is an important period for the emergence, formation and development of Chinese characters. The Shuangdun Cultural Site in the north of Tushan Mountain 7300 years ago and the one in the south of Tushan Mountain 4000 years ago? I will be a vassal? The Yu Hui site in Yu Hui Village must be a cultural inheritance relationship and belongs to an ancient cultural development system.