What kinds of maple trees are there?

Acer glycoside (also known as sugar maple)

The maple leaf is palmately 5-lobed, with a length of 13cm and a width slightly larger than the length. The three largest lobes have several prominent teeth, the base is heart-shaped, the upper part is medium green to dark green, and the lower part is hairy, which turns from yellow to orange or red in autumn. The bark is grayish brown and smooth, and furrows and scales appear with the growth of tree age. The flowers are yellow-green, small and headless, hanging on slender stems, and open with tender leaves in spring, showing an open inflorescence. The fruit has parallel wings and is 2.5 cm long. Height 30 meters, wide column, deciduous. Usually eat sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, mainly with sugar cane, sugar beet boiled. Cooking sugar with sap secreted by trees is a new thing in China. In the forests of temperate regions of North America, there is a kind of sugar maple, commonly known as maple, which is the most famous in Canada. There are several varieties of sugar maple, such as sugar maple, silver maple and red maple. The first two kinds are famous for producing sugar. Maple can be used as building material or equipment material, musical instrument material, sculpture material, etc. , can also be planted for ornamental purposes. Plants used for logging and fire.

Maple juice contains water (about 97%), minerals, organic acids and maple flavors. From the beginning of March, the sap will flow in the tree for 6-8 weeks to promote the growth of the tree. All trees produce juice, but maple has more and sweeter juice. There are more than 65,438+02,000 maple sugar producers in Canada. Canada's maple sugar production accounts for 85% of the world, and the United States accounts for 15%. Quebec (93.3%), Ontario (5.5%), New Brunswick (1. 1%) and Nova Scotia (0. 1%) are rich in maple sugar. According to Canadian data, the output of maple products in Canada in 2000 was 40 196 tons (88.4 million pounds), and the estimated agricultural output value was1515 million. Maple trees aggregate starch in the growing period. With the melting of snow in spring, enzymes convert starch into sugar, and sugar is dissolved by water absorbed by roots, forming a faint sweetness. Maple juice contains water (about 97%), minerals, organic acids and maple flavors. From the beginning of March, the sap will flow in the tree for 6-8 weeks to promote the growth of the tree. All trees produce juice, but maple has more and sweeter juice. The main tree species producing maple sugar are sugar maple, red maple and silver maple. It is said that among the local 13 maple trees, only three kinds of maple trees, namely hard maple, black maple and red maple, can produce syrup. A big maple tree can collect 4 liters of sap every day. According to the preparation method of the invention, about 65438+/-0 liters of maple syrup can be prepared per 40 liters of sap. Interestingly, according to the owner, only maple trees in North America can produce maple syrup. Therefore, maple syrup has become a world-renowned specialty in Canada. From Quebec to Niagara Falls, the journey is 800 kilometers, which is the famous Maple Leaf Avenue in Canada. Toronto, Kingston, Ottawa, Montreal and other big cities are all distributed on this Maple Avenue. The famous St. Lawrence River originates from the rippling Lake Ontario and runs parallel to Maple Leaf Avenue. More than 65,438+0,000 lakes, large and small, are scattered around Maple Leaf Avenue, forming a beautiful landscape with maple leaves blooming on the lakeside, riverside and roadside. Bright maple leaves reflect blue sky and clear water, towns and villages, and the whole of Canada. Wherever you go, people will exclaim "It's beautiful here". This exclamation has actually been exclaimed many times in different places.

A bird's-eye view of the maple leaf observation deck in Catino Park, a famous maple leaf viewing spot in Hull near Ottawa, shows the rustling river slowly flowing through the maple leaves. It's more than 500 kilometers from Ottawa to Montreal by car and then back to Ottawa from Montreal. The maple trees on both sides of the road are varied and graceful, and Youlong-like cars walk through the beautiful corridors. On the yuan leaf, rows of maple trees, one after another, one after another, flowers and plants flew by. It's really a pity that I haven't enjoyed my eyes. It takes more than three hours from Ottawa to reach the provincial Al Kong Korm Park in Ontario. Al Kong Korm Park is a huge forest park covering an area of 7,725 square kilometers. In terms of scale, it ranks second among Canadian provincial parks with a history of 100 years. Roadways leading to natural lakes, jungles, swamps, rivers, cliffs and beaches crisscross, with a total length of 2400 kilometers.

Species of maple trees

There are as many as 140 species of maple plants in the northern hemisphere. Generally speaking, Japanese maple trees include Irubo maple, Dafeng maple, Wuban maple, Feather maple and Tang maple in China. There are also some tall deciduous trees, such as Betula platyphylla and Ginkgo biloba, whose golden leaves are also an indispensable part of autumn scenery. Besides deciduous trees, there are some deciduous shrubs such as Rosaceae, Malvaceae and Ericaceae, whose leaves turn red in autumn.

Among many maples, the representative ones with ornamental value are:

1. Five-pointed maple (Acer, Peach)

Deciduous trees, up to 20 cm tall. The bark is thin and there is often milk in the twigs. The single leaf is opposite, the lobe diameter is 7 cm- 15 cm, usually palmately 5-lobed, the base is often heart-shaped, the lobe is ovoid, entire, both sides are hairless or there are tufts of hairs only in the axils of lower leaves. Flowers mixed, corymb terminal. The fruit is flat, the wings of the fruit are spread at a pure angle, and the wings are twice as long as nuts. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October. Mainly produced in the Yangtze River basin, southwest, north China, southeast, west to Sichuan, with Shaanxi being the most widely distributed.

2. Castanea henryi (Acer truncatum)

Small deciduous trees, 7 cm -8 cm tall, umbrella-shaped or spherical, with slender branches, purple or grayish purple. Leaf blade diameter is 6 cm- 10 cm, palmately parted by 5 cm-7 cm, usually 7-parted, split, lobes oval to lanceolate, leaf margin with serrations, only tufts of hairs below the axils, mixed flowers and purplish red. The fruit is spherical, Zhang Kaicheng right angle to obtuse angle, purplish red when young, and brownish yellow when mature. Flowering in May, bearing fruit in September. Mainly distributed in East China and Central China.

3. Acer truncatum (Acer truncatum)

Deciduous trees, up to 10 m. The crown of the tree is umbrella-shaped or obovate. Leaves palmately 5-lobed, lobes entire, lobes acute. Leaf base is usually truncated. The drupe is flat, the wings of the two fruits spread at right angles, and the wings are wider, equal to or slightly longer than the nutlet. Mainly produced in north and southeast China, but also distributed in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu and An Wei.

4. Triangle maple (maple, pineapple)

Deciduous tree, up to 20 meters high, with thin strips of bark peeling off and oval crown. Leaf apex 3-lobed or indehiscent, entire or slightly sparsely serrate. The two sides of the fruit are convex, and the two fruit wings are nearly parallel. It is produced in all parts of the Yangtze River valley and cultivated in North China, South China and Southwest China.

5. Acer ginnala

Deciduous shrubs or small trees usually have 3 (1-5) pinnate leaves, prominent middle lobes, straight or inconspicuous on both sides, irregularly serrated, pinnate veins and three bases. The fruit protrudes to both sides, with wings twice as long as the fruiting body, standing at an acute angle and overlapping inner edges. Northeast China, North China, Kucha strip subspecies, produced in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin.

6. Acer negundo

Deciduous trees, up to 20 meters high. Branchlets green, glabrous. Odd-pinnate compound leaves, leaflets 3-7 (9), ovate to oblong-lanceolate, leaf margin with irregular notches, terminal leaflets usually 3-lobed. Flowers are unisexual, the male inflorescence is corymbose and the female inflorescence is raceme. The fruit wings are long and narrow, and the Zhang Kaicheng angle is acute or right. It blooms in April and bears fruit in September. Native to North America, it has been introduced and cultivated in East China, Northeast China and North China.

Acer truncatum seedlings are mainly propagated by seeds. When the samara is ripe, it will fall off for a long time and gradually fall with the wind, so it should be collected in time. After harvesting, it is aired for 3-5 days, and the pure samara obtained after removing impurities is the material for sowing trees. The water content of seeds is generally 9- 1 1%, which can be stored for 3 years in low-temperature sealed dry storage, 2 years in 15℃ and less than 1 year in ordinary drying. The 1000-grain weight of Acer truncatum Bunge is 136- 186 g, that of Acer truncatum Bunge is1-kloc-0/3g, and that of Acer truncatum Bunge is 90-10g. Generally, stratification takes 40-50 days, the sowing weight of Acer truncatum is 23-28g/m2, Castanea henryi is 3-4g/m2, Acer negundo 13-20g/m2 and Acer negundo 15-20g.