Difference between disaccharide and monosaccharide

Monosaccharide refers to glucose, fructose, galactose, pentose (ribose and deoxyribose) and other sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed again. The molecular formula is C6H 12O6, so it is also called carbohydrate. Bisaccharides such as maltose, sucrose and lactose are formed by dehydration and condensation of two monosaccharide molecules. Therefore, the molecular formula is C 12H22O 1 1.

What's the difference between monosaccharide and disaccharide?

Sugar, also known as carbohydrate, is a general term for polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones, their polycondensates and some derivatives. Generally composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, it is widely distributed in nature. Another name of sugar "carbohydrate" comes from biochemists' previous discovery that the molecular formula of some sugars can be written as Cn(H2O)m, so they think that sugar is a compound of carbon and water, but later discovery proves that many sugars do not conform to the above molecular formula, such as rhamnose (C6H 12O5). However, some substances that meet the above molecular formula are not sugars, such as formaldehyde (CH2O).

Sugar is an important nutrient for human body, which is mainly divided into monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide. They play a very important role in life, for example, polysaccharides can be used as substances for storing nutrients (such as starch and glycogen) or as cell walls of animal exoskeletons and plant cells (such as chitin and cellulose); In addition, ribose, such as five-carbon aldose, is an indispensable component of various cofactors (such as ATP, FAD and NAD) and is also the skeleton of some genetic material molecules (such as RNA).

Many derivatives of carbohydrates are also closely related to immune system, fertilization, disease prevention, blood coagulation and growth. In informal occasions such as food science, carbohydrates usually refer to starch-rich foods (such as grains, bread or pasta) or simple sugars (such as sugar).