What was the political system of the Western Zhou Dynasty?

Zhou Wang was the highest representative of the feudal country. The important auxiliary figures around Zhou Wang are Taishi, Taifu and Taibao, which are collectively called "Three Publics" or "World Insurance". For example, when both He and He are important consultants, Tai is addressed as "teacher or father".

When he became king, the Duke of Zhou was the teacher, lord protector, and * * * was the same as Fuzheng. Until King Kang, he also served as Pacific Insurance. Shi Bao commanded hundreds of governors to serve Zhou Wang and enjoyed a high position in politics. ?

It's Taizai, which is equivalent to protecting the position of teacher and directly assisting the official position to manage political affairs. The Duke of Zhou was king, both a teacher and a butcher, "for the royal family and the world." Taizai has the power to be in charge of government affairs and is the head of government. ?

Below Taizai, there are many dignitaries, among which the more important administrative officials are still Si Tuleideng, Sima, Scott, Sikong and other departments. In addition to managing the reclamation of land, the division of mining fields and the cultivation of slaves, Stuart also managed the division of vassal government and military affairs.

Sima is responsible for collecting military taxes, managing chariots and driving horses and other military and political affairs. Scott is proficient in criminal law. Sikong is responsible for the management of hundreds of workers and the construction of civil water conservancy projects. They also have many family members, who are in charge of all kinds of specific affairs, and are controlled by the middle and lower aristocrats, forming a quite large ruling institution. ?

The clergy of the Zhou Dynasty were greatly weakened in political institutions. Everything about funeral, sacrifice, divination, culture and education. , belongs to the management of Zhou Li gift-taking organization, and witches have a lower position in this organization. The status of historians has been greatly improved. ?

A surname is not only responsible for the observation and formulation of astronomical calendars, the collection and collation of literature and classics, the education of aristocratic children and other related cultural and educational work, but also familiar with the state's decrees and regulations, and often consults all over Zhou Wang. Literature and history drafted the imperial edict for Zhou Wang, and the cashier ordered him to become a close minister of the royal family. In addition, there are official positions such as mini-history and foreign history. ?

Many official positions in the Zhou Dynasty were handed down from generation to generation, thus forming a "contemporary leader" situation. At the same time, there are many families with official names.

economy

Bronze farm tools were used more widely than in Shang Dynasty, and drainage and water diversion techniques were also well mastered. Among the crops, Sang Ma melons and fruits are planted. There are many departments in handicraft industry, and the division of labor is more detailed than that in Shang Dynasty. Known as "all-round workers", business has further developed. In the "state" and "capital", a bigger market has emerged.

The mining field system was implemented in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Each male main labor force grants 100 mu (equivalent to 3 1 mu now), and the allocated land is changed every three years. At that time, mature and barren farming systems were widely adopted, and agricultural production made great progress.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, commerce was developed, and there were merchants specializing in trade activities. Shellfish, mussels and tortoise shells used for divination are often contributed and exchanged from far away. Haibei was also used as currency at that time, and it was calculated in units of friends. Ships and carriages are important means of transportation.